Browse more peptide research, methods and limitations.
Natriuretic peptide concentrations correlated with central sleep apnea severity in heart failure patients, with higher BNP identifying patients at risk for this dangerous breathing disorder during sleep.
Calvin, Andrew D; Somers, Virend K; van der Walt, Christelle; Scott, Christopher G; Olson, Lyle J ·
Human dental pulp cells in self-assembling peptide scaffolds produced mineralized tissue suitable for dental repair in vivo — practical regenerative dentistry using peptide biomaterials.
Chan, B; Wong, R W K; Rabie, B ·
BPC-157's tendon healing mechanism involves promoting tendon cell outgrowth from explants, enhancing cell survival against oxidative stress, and stimulating cell migration — triple cellular mechanism for tendon repair.
Chang, Chung-Hsun; Tsai, Wen-Chung; Lin, Miao-Sui; Hsu, Ya-Hui; Pang, Jong-Hwei Su ·
Functionalized self-assembling peptide scaffolds supported adult mouse neural stem cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation in 3D culture — advancing peptide scaffolds for neural regenerative medicine.
Cunha, Carla; Panseri, Silvia; Villa, Omar; Silva, Diego; Gelain, Fabrizio ·
Pre-meal carbonated vs non-carbonated water differently affected gastric volume and appetite hormones (GLP-1, PYY, ghrelin) in healthy subjects — even water properties influence satiety signaling.
Cuomo, Rosario; Savarese, Maria Flavia; Sarnelli, Giovanni; Nicolai, Emanuele; Aragri, Adriana; Cirillo, Carla; Vozzella, Letizia; Zito, Francesco Paolo; Verlezza, Viviana; Efficie, Eleonora; Buyckx, Maxime ·
The mitochondria-targeted antioxidant peptide SS-31 ameliorated hypertensive cardiomyopathy in rats, reducing cardiac fibrosis, hypertrophy, and diastolic dysfunction — protecting the heart from high blood pressure damage.
Dai, Dao-Fu; Chen, Tony; Szeto, Hazel; Nieves-Cintrón, Madeline; Kutyavin, Vassily; Santana, Luis F; Rabinovitch, Peter S ·
A designer natriuretic peptide (CD-NP) combining CNP with dendroaspis NP sequences showed enhanced resistance to neprilysin and other proteases while maintaining biological activity — engineered peptide drugs lasting longer.
Dickey, Deborah M; Potter, Lincoln R ·
Gallium-68-labeled RGD peptides in monomeric, dimeric, and tetrameric forms were tested for their ability to bind αvβ3 integrin and image tumors using PET scanning. The tetrameric version had the highest binding affinity (IC50 of 1.74 nM) and the best tumor uptake (7.11% injected dose per gram at 2 hours). Performance scaled consistently: tetramer > dimer > monomer. The gallium-68 labeled versions performed comparably to indium-111 labeled versions, and all forms produced clear PET images of tumors in mice.
Dijkgraaf, Ingrid; Yim, Cheng-Bin; Franssen, Gerben M; Schuit, Robert C; Luurtsema, Gert; Liu, Shuang; Oyen, Wim J G; Boerman, Otto C · Animal
Peptoids are synthetic molecules with a peptide-like backbone but with side chains attached to nitrogen instead of carbon, making them completely resistant to protease degradation — the main reason natural peptides break down so quickly in the body. Sequences up to 50 units long can be synthesized with precise control over composition and diverse side chain chemistry. The review covers therapeutic applications across four areas: lung surfactant replacement therapy, antimicrobial agents, cancer therapeutics, and diagnostics. Peptoids have demonstrated bioactivity both as protein mimics and as replacements for small molecule drugs, with particular promise in lipid-associated applications where their protease resistance gives them a major advantage over natural peptides.
Dohm, Michelle T; Kapoor, Rinki; Barron, Annelise E · Review
Smaller lytic anticancer peptides evaded the heparan sulfate barrier on cancer cell surfaces that inhibited larger peptides — size optimization enables effective cancer cell membrane disruption despite surface shielding.
Fadnes, Bodil; Uhlin-Hansen, Lars; Lindin, Inger; Rekdal, Øystein ·
Cell-permeable apoptotic peptides were chemically synthesized from in-vivo-produced protein sequences and shown to induce cancer cell death — converting natural death signals into synthetic cancer drugs.
Fricke, Thomas; Mart, Robert J; Watkins, Catherine L; Wiltshire, Marie; Errington, Rachel J; Smith, Paul J; Jones, Arwyn T; Allemann, Rudolf K ·
Cathepsin L's novel role in neuropeptide biosynthesis was characterized using chemical biology approaches, establishing it as the key protease for producing active neuropeptides from precursor proteins in secretory vesicles.
Funkelstein, Lydiane; Hook, Vivian ·
Review of dental pulp regeneration scaffolds including self-assembling peptide hydrogels, collagen, and synthetic polymers — peptide scaffolds offering unique advantages for this dental tissue engineering application.
Galler, K M; D'Souza, R N; Hartgerink, J D; Schmalz, G ·
CPAP treatment for obstructive sleep apnea affected weight, metabolic parameters, and appetite-regulating hormones (ghrelin, leptin, adiponectin) in obese patients — treating breathing may help weight management.
Garcia, Jose M; Sharafkhaneh, Hossein; Hirshkowitz, Max; Elkhatib, Rania; Sharafkhaneh, Amir ·
Intact (not just digested) dietary proteins directly stimulated CCK and GLP-1 release from murine enteroendocrine cells, demonstrating that protein sensing in the gut begins before complete digestion.
Geraedts, Maartje C P; Troost, Freddy J; Fischer, Marc A J G; Edens, Luppo; Saris, Wim H M ·
Intraduodenal intact pea protein effectively reduced food intake in both lean and obese male subjects, with satiety hormone responses confirming protein's appetite-suppressing effect acts in the small intestine.
Geraedts, Maartje C P; Troost, Freddy J; Munsters, Marjet J M; Stegen, Jos H C H; de Ridder, Rogier J; Conchillo, Jose M; Kruimel, Joanna W; Masclee, Ad A M; Saris, Wim H M ·
Sweet taste receptors in the human gut regulated GLP-1, PYY, and CCK release in response to intragastric glucose, with blocking sweet taste reducing satiety hormone output — taste receptors as gut hormone triggers.
Gerspach, A C; Steinert, R E; Schönenberger, L; Graber-Maier, A; Beglinger, C ·
Updated review of ANP's role in heart failure: pathophysiological production, diagnostic utility including MR-proANP, and prognostic value — ANP's clinical applications alongside the dominant BNP.
Ghosh, Nina; Haddad, Haissam ·
Insulin and GHRP-6 had differential beneficial effects on pituitary cell turnover in diabetic rats: insulin through anti-apoptosis, GHRP-6 through proliferation — different mechanisms for restoring pituitary health.
Granado, Miriam; García-Cáceres, Cristina; Tuda, María; Frago, Laura M; Chowen, Julie A; Argente, Jesús ·
Single-dose sitagliptin (DPP-4 inhibitor) did not modulate substance P-induced skin inflammation in healthy volunteers, despite DPP-4 degrading substance P — acute dosing may be insufficient for anti-inflammatory effects.
Grouzmann, Eric; Bigliardi, Paul; Appenzeller, Monique; Pannatier, André; Buclin, Thierry ·
Cerebrolysin produced statistically significant improvements on both primary endpoints in vascular dementia patients. Cognitive scores (ADAS-cog+) improved by 10.6 points in the cerebrolysin group versus 4.4 points with placebo (P<0.0001). Overall clinical functioning (CIBIC+) also showed significant improvement (P<0.0001). Responder analyses were particularly striking: 82.1% of cerebrolysin patients achieved meaningful cognitive improvement (≥4-point ADAS-cog+ change) versus 52.2% on placebo. The combined response rate — improvement on both cognition and overall function — was 67.5% versus 27.0%. The odds ratio for achieving a favorable combined response with cerebrolysin was 5.63 (P<0.05), indicating patients were more than five times as likely to respond to treatment.
Guekht, Alla B; Moessler, Herbert; Novak, Philipp H; Gusev, Evgenyi I ·
Natriuretic peptides and other neuroendocrine markers help diagnose and risk-stratify pulmonary embolism by detecting right ventricular strain — translational biomarker studies for PE management.
Gutte, Henrik ·
Comprehensive review of nicotine-opioid interactions: nicotine releases endogenous opioids, modulates opioid receptor function, and shares reward pathways — explaining co-addiction and nicotine's pain-modifying effects.
Hadjiconstantinou, Maria; Neff, Norton H ·
Nano-LC Fourier transform MS analysis of Viola ignobilis identified novel cyclotides, expanding the known cyclotide diversity from this plant family for drug scaffold development.
Hashempour, Hossein; Ghassempour, Alireza; Daly, Norelle L; Spengler, Bernhard; Römpp, Andreas ·
VIP and VPAC receptor expression in salivary glands suggests VIP's neuroprotective/anti-inflammatory role contributes to gland function, with VIP dysregulation potentially involved in Sjögren's syndrome pathogenesis.
Hauk, V; Calafat, M; Larocca, L; Fraccaroli, L; Grasso, E; Ramhorst, R; Leirós, C Pérez ·
Updated comprehensive review tracing natriuretic peptide history from discovery through clinical validation to current practice guidelines — the complete translational journey of these cardiac biomarkers.
Hayek, Salim; Nemer, Mona ·
Chronic ethanol produced opioid antinociceptive tolerance by inhibiting mu-opioid receptor endocytosis/recycling, explaining why chronic drinkers have altered pain sensitivity and opioid drug responses.
He, Li; Whistler, Jennifer L ·
Novel cyclotides isolated from Viola philippica showed cytotoxic activity against cancer cell lines, expanding the pool of naturally occurring anticancer cyclic peptides for drug development.
He, Wenjun; Chan, Lai Yue; Zeng, Guangzhi; Daly, Norelle L; Craik, David J; Tan, Ninghua ·
A synthetic spider silk peptide derived from Nephila clavata self-assembled into nanofiber structures mimicking natural spider silk — peptide-based approach to creating one of nature's strongest biomaterials.
Hidaka, Yuji; Kontani, Ko-Ichi; Taniguchi, Rina; Saiki, Masatoshi; Yokoi, Sayoko; Yukuhiro, Kenji; Yamaguchi, Hiroshi; Miyazawa, Mitsuhiro ·
Casein-derived tripeptides VPP and IPP stimulated endothelial nitric oxide production and produced endothelium-dependent vasodilation — the molecular mechanism by which dairy peptides lower blood pressure.
Hirota, Tatsuhiko; Nonaka, Atsuko; Matsushita, Akiko; Uchida, Naoto; Ohki, Kohji; Asakura, Masanori; Kitakaze, Masafumi ·
CCK stimulated hypothalamic GLP-1 neurons through alpha-1 adrenoceptor-mediated glutamatergic synaptic input, revealing how two gut satiety signals converge in the brain for integrated appetite control.
Hisadome, Kazunari; Reimann, Frank; Gribble, Fiona M; Trapp, Stefan ·
Anti-nerve growth factor immunoglobulin-induced pain relief was partly mediated through enhanced endogenous opioid peptide signaling, linking NGF antagonism to the opioid pain control system.
Hoffman, E M; Zhang, Z; Anderson, M B; Schechter, R; Miller, K E ·
BPC-157 counteracted ibuprofen-induced hepatic encephalopathy, hepatomegaly, and gastric lesions in rats — protecting liver, brain, AND stomach from NSAID toxicity simultaneously.
Ilic, Spomenko; Drmic, Domagoj; Zarkovic, Kamelija; Kolenc, Danijela; Brcic, Luka; Radic, Bozo; Djuzel, Viktor; Blagaic, Alenka Boban; Romic, Zeljko; Dzidic, Senka; Kalogjera, Livije; Seiwerth, Sven; Sikiric, Predrag ·
BPC-157 attenuated diclofenac-induced gastrointestinal, liver, and encephalopathy damage in rats — comprehensive multi-organ NSAID toxicity protection from a single peptide agent.
Ilic, Spomenko; Drmic, Domagoj; Franjic, Sandra; Kolenc, Danijela; Coric, Marijana; Brcic, Luka; Klicek, Robert; Radic, Bozo; Sever, Marko; Djuzel, Viktor; Filipovic, Marinko; Djakovic, Zeljko; Stambolija, Vasilije; Blagaic, Alenka Boban; Zoricic, Ivan; Gjurasin, Miroslav; Stupnisek, Mirjana; Romic, Zeljko; Zarkovic, Kamelija; Dzidic, Senka; Seiwerth, Sven; Sikiric, Predrag ·
Updated 2011 review of T2DM treatment advances with GLP-1 receptor agonists (exenatide, liraglutide, lixisenatide), DPP-4 inhibitors, and emerging combination approaches dominating new drug development.
Israili, Zafar H ·
Ghrelin receptor antagonism attenuated nicotine-induced locomotor stimulation, dopamine release, and conditioned place preference — demonstrating the ghrelin system mediates nicotine's rewarding/addictive properties.
Jerlhag, Elisabet; Engel, Jörgen A ·
Alpha-MSH's appetite-suppressing (anorexigenic) actions were mediated through GnRH-II (a reproductive peptide), revealing unexpected cross-talk between the melanocortin appetite and reproductive peptide systems.
Kang, Ki Sung; Shimizu, Kanako; Azuma, Morio; Ui, Yuhta; Nakamura, Kouta; Uchiyama, Minoru; Matsuda, Kouhei ·
Eating rate during a fixed-portion meal did not affect postprandial gut peptides (GLP-1, PYY, CCK, ghrelin) or appetite at a subsequent meal — eating speed doesn't change the hormonal satiety response.
Karl, J Philip; Young, Andrew J; Montain, Scott J ·
Slowly and rapidly digested fat emulsions produced equal satiety but different triglyceride absorption and metabolic responses — the speed of fat digestion affects metabolism without changing appetite.
Keogh, Jennifer B; Wooster, Tim J; Golding, Matthew; Day, Li; Otto, Bärbel; Clifton, Peter M ·
GHRH has biological activities beyond hypothalamic GH stimulation — direct effects on immune cells, cardiac function, wound healing, and tissue growth independent of GH release.
Kiaris, Hippokratis; Chatzistamou, Ioulia; Papavassiliou, Athanasios G; Schally, Andrew V ·
Nanostructured porous silicon microparticles achieved sustained release of the tanning/sexual function peptide Melanotan II, demonstrating a practical sustained-release peptide delivery platform.
Kilpeläinen, Miia; Mönkäre, Juha; Vlasova, Maria A; Riikonen, Joakim; Lehto, Vesa-Pekka; Salonen, Jarno; Järvinen, Kristiina; Herzig, Karl-Heinz ·
Human GLP-1 was produced and correctly refolded from recombinant E. coli, establishing bacterial expression as a manufacturing platform for this important diabetes drug peptide.
Kim, Sung-Gun; Shin, So-Yeon; Park, Yong-Cheol; Shin, Chul-Soo; Seo, Jin-Ho ·
Ghrelin injection into the ventral tegmental area (VTA) enhanced motivation to obtain preferred foods in rats, confirming ghrelin directly activates the brain's dopamine reward system to drive food-seeking behavior.
King, S J; Isaacs, A M; O'Farrell, E; Abizaid, A ·
Novel collagen peptides demonstrated direct reactive oxygen species scavenging measured by electron spin resonance spectroscopy — confirming collagen peptide antioxidant activity at the molecular level.
Kobayashi, Kyo; Maehata, Yojiro; Kawamura, Yosuke; Kusubata, Masashi; Hattori, Shunji; Tanaka, Keisuke; Miyamoto, Chihiro; Yoshino, Fumihiko; Yoshida, Ayaka; Wada-Takahashi, Satoko; Komatsu, Tomoko; Takahashi, Shun-Suke; Lee, Masaichi-Chang-Il ·
Peptides derived from human lactoferrin's antimicrobial alpha-beta region showed potent fungicidal activity, expanding the antifungal peptide arsenal from the human innate defense protein.
Kondori, N; Baltzer, L; Dolphin, G T; Mattsby-Baltzer, I ·
The synthetic octapeptide octarphin (beta-endorphin fragment 12-19) showed immunostimulating effects including enhanced phagocytosis and lymphocyte activation — a minimal opioid fragment with immune-boosting properties.
Kovalitskaya, Yu A; Nekrasova, Yu N; Sadovnikov, V B; Zolotarev, Yu A; Navolotskaya, E V ·
Among all patient characteristics examined, only two factors predicted live birth after IVF: maternal age and serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) concentration. A prediction model based solely on these two variables identified live births with 79.2% sensitivity but only 44.2% specificity. The model allowed moderate distinction between couples with good versus poor IVF prognosis. AMH, a peptide hormone produced by ovarian follicles that reflects ovarian reserve, proved to be one of the most valuable markers for predicting IVF success alongside age.
La Marca, A; Nelson, S M; Sighinolfi, G; Manno, M; Baraldi, E; Roli, L; Xella, S; Marsella, T; Tagliasacchi, D; D'Amico, R; Volpe, A · Prognostic Model Study
Tear neuromediator levels (substance P, CGRP, NPY, VIP) were altered in dry eye disease patients, revealing neuropeptide imbalance as a component of dry eye pathophysiology — potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
Lambiase, Alessandro; Micera, Alessandra; Sacchetti, Marta; Cortes, Magdalena; Mantelli, Flavio; Bonini, Stefano ·
Tachykinin neuropeptides, especially neurokinin B (NKB), regulate GnRH and gonadotropin secretion, with NKB's role in kisspeptin neurons establishing it as a key reproductive axis regulator alongside kisspeptin.
Lasaga, Mercedes; Debeljuk, Luciano ·
A novel mitochondria-targeted antioxidant peptide (SS-31 family) prevented burn-induced intestinal epithelial apoptosis and ER stress — protecting the gut barrier from thermal injury through mitochondrial preservation.
Lee, Hyung-yul; Kaneki, Masao; Andreas, Jonathan; Tompkins, Ronald G; Martyn, J A Jeevendra ·