Browse more peptide research, methods and limitations.
MR-proANP and NT-proBNP were compared head-to-head for heart failure diagnosis in emergency settings, with both showing excellent diagnostic performance — MR-proANP as a validated alternative.
Potocki, M; Breidthardt, T; Reichlin, T; Hartwiger, S; Morgenthaler, N G; Bergmann, A; Noveanu, M; Freidank, H; Taegtmeyer, A B; Wetzel, K; Boldanova, T; Stelzig, C; Bingisser, R; Christ, M; Mueller, C ·
Both cross-sectional and prospective data confirmed dramatic GLP-1, PYY, and ghrelin changes after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, with sustained hormonal modification explaining long-term surgical weight loss success.
Pournaras, Dimitrios J; Osborne, Alan; Hawkins, Simon C; Mahon, David; Ghatei, Mohammad A; Bloom, Steve R; Welbourn, Richard; le Roux, Carel W ·
Peripheral endothelin B receptor agonists produced pain relief in mice through triggering endogenous opioid peptide release — another non-opioid drug that works by enlisting the body's own painkillers.
Quang, Phuong N; Schmidt, Brian L ·
Researchers discovered thuricin CD, a two-component antimicrobial peptide system that kills Clostridium difficile at nanomolar concentrations — including the notoriously virulent ribotype 027 — while leaving most other gut bacteria unharmed. The peptide is produced by Bacillus thuringiensis DPC 6431, a bacterium isolated from a human stool sample. Thuricin CD consists of two separate peptides (Trn-alpha and Trn-beta) that work synergistically — meaning they're far more effective together than either alone. Structural analysis revealed an unusual chemistry: three sulfur-to-alpha-carbon bridges created by posttranslational modifications, a novel structural feature that contributes to the peptide's activity and specificity.
Rea, Mary C; Sit, Clarissa S; Clayton, Evelyn; O'Connor, Paula M; Whittal, Randy M; Zheng, Jing; Vederas, John C; Ross, R Paul; Hill, Colin · In Vitro
Chronic dietary restriction altered both plasma ghrelin levels and GOAT (the enzyme that activates ghrelin by adding its fatty acid tag) mRNA in rats — calorie restriction reprograms the ghrelin activation system.
Reimer, Raylene A; Maurer, Alannah D; Lau, David C W; Auer, Roland N ·
Comprehensive review of neuropeptide behavioral effects in depression and anxiety rodent models: CRF antagonists for anxiolysis, NPY agonists for resilience, and other peptide targets — guiding psychiatric drug development.
Rotzinger, Susan; Lovejoy, David A; Tan, Laura A ·
Lactoferricin B-derived peptides showed confirmed antihypertensive activity through ACE inhibition and other mechanisms, adding blood pressure management to the milk peptide's antimicrobial and anticancer profiles.
Ruiz-Giménez, Pedro; Ibáñez, Aida; Salom, Juan B; Marcos, Jose F; López-Díez, Jose Javier; Vallés, Salvador; Torregrosa, Germán; Alborch, Enrique; Manzanares, Paloma ·
Comprehensive safety review of GLP-1 receptor agonists for T2DM: main concerns are GI side effects (nausea) that diminish with time, with rare pancreatitis and thyroid C-cell concerns under monitoring.
Russell-Jones, D ·
A purified seahorse-derived peptide inhibited MMP, iNOS, and COX-2 inflammatory mediators through MAPK and NF-κB pathway suppression — a marine-derived anti-inflammatory peptide with arthritis potential.
Ryu, BoMi; Qian, Zhong-Ji; Kim, Se-Kwon ·
SHP-1, a novel seahorse-derived peptide, suppressed collagenases (MMP-1, MMP-13) and gelatinase (MMP-9), potentially protecting joint cartilage from destruction in arthritis — marine peptide therapy for joint disease.
Ryu, BoMi; Qian, Zhong-Ji; Kim, Se-Kwon ·
Gut hormones (GLP-1, PYY, ghrelin, leptin) modulate taste receptor signaling in taste buds, revealing that appetite hormones don't just control how much you eat but also how food TASTES.
Shin, Yu-Kyong; Egan, Josephine M ·
BPC-157's unique cytoprotective properties expand Robert's classical cytoprotection concept, demonstrating prostaglandin-independent protection and adaptive cytoprotection against both exogenous and endogenous irritants.
Sikiric, Predrag; Seiwerth, Sven; Brcic, Luka; Sever, Marko; Klicek, Robert; Radic, Bozo; Drmic, Domagoj; Ilic, Spomenko; Kolenc, Danijela ·
The BTBR autism model mouse showed reduced stress reactivity and altered neuroendocrine factors (oxytocin, vasopressin, CRF), linking neuropeptide dysregulation to autism-like social behavior deficits.
Silverman, J L; Yang, M; Turner, S M; Katz, A M; Bell, D B; Koenig, J I; Crawley, J N ·
A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials involving 61,590 patients found that angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) were associated with a modestly increased risk of new cancer diagnosis: 7.2% in ARB groups versus 6.0% in control groups (RR 1.08, P=0.016). When limited to trials with cancer as a prespecified endpoint, the risk was slightly higher (RR 1.11, P=0.001). Among specific cancers, only lung cancer showed a significantly increased risk with ARB use (0.9% vs 0.7%, RR 1.25, P=0.01). No significant increase in cancer deaths was observed (1.8% vs 1.6%, P=0.183). Telmisartan was the ARB used in 85.7% of patients in the cancer analysis, so the signal was heavily driven by this specific drug.
Sipahi, Ilke; Debanne, Sara M; Rowland, Douglas Y; Simon, Daniel I; Fang, James C · Meta Analysis Of RCTs
Neuropeptide receptors in the GI tract (VIP, substance P, NPY, CGRP) represent therapeutic targets for IBD, IBS, and other intestinal diseases — the gut's neural peptide system as a drug target landscape.
Snoek, Susanne A; Borensztajn, Keren S; van den Wijngaard, René M; de Jonge, Wouter J ·
Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is associated with altered endogenous opioid systems — self-harm may produce opioid release that provides emotional relief, explaining why it becomes addictive despite being painful.
Stanley, Barbara; Sher, Leo; Wilson, Scott; Ekman, Rolf; Huang, Yung-yu; Mann, J John ·
Gastric X/A-like cells co-produce ghrelin (appetite-stimulating), des-acyl ghrelin (metabolically active), and nesfatin-1 (appetite-suppressing) — three functionally different peptides from a single endocrine cell type.
Stengel, Andreas; Goebel, Miriam; Wang, Lixin; Taché, Yvette ·
Metabolic fate studies of lactoferricin-based peptides revealed truncation and amino acid analog incorporation improve proteolytic stability — guiding design of longer-lasting antimicrobial peptide drugs.
Svenson, Johan; Vergote, Valentijn; Karstad, Rasmus; Burvenich, Christian; Svendsen, John S; De Spiegeleer, Bart ·
Updated review of kisspeptin-GPR54 signaling in the brain: controlling GnRH neuron activity, mediating puberty onset, integrating metabolic and environmental cues for reproductive function.
Tena-Sempere, Manuel ·
Orexin/hypocretin neuropeptides — produced by a small group of neurons in the hypothalamus — play a significant role in energy expenditure beyond their well-known function in promoting wakefulness. The review finds that orexin-A (hypocretin-1) has a more potent stimulatory effect on energy expenditure than orexin-B (hypocretin-2). Orexin-A increases whole-body energy expenditure through three main mechanisms: stimulating physical activity, activating the sympathetic nervous system (which increases heart rate and thermogenesis), and directly boosting metabolic rate. The orexin-1 receptor appears to predominantly mediate behaviors that influence energy expenditure. The two orexin receptors (OX1R and OX2R) appear to have both shared and distinct physiological roles, but the orexin-2 receptor's specific contributions remain poorly characterized.
Teske, J A; Billington, C J; Kotz, C M · Review
Dendritic cells transduced with lentiviral VIP vectors became VIP-secreting tolerogenic DCs, creating self-sustaining anti-inflammatory immune cells for autoimmune disease gene therapy.
Toscano, Miguel G; Delgado, Mario; Kong, Weimin; Martin, Francisco; Skarica, Mario; Ganea, Doina ·
BPC-157 showed protective effects against traumatic brain injury in mice, improving neurological outcomes — adding brain trauma protection to its expanding neuroprotective profile.
Tudor, Mario; Jandric, Ivan; Marovic, Anton; Gjurasin, Miroslav; Perovic, Darko; Radic, Bozo; Blagaic, Alenka Boban; Kolenc, Danijela; Brcic, Luka; Zarkovic, Kamelija; Seiwerth, Sven; Sikiric, Predrag ·
Updated review of thymosin alpha-1 clinical experience spanning hepatitis B/C, cancer immunotherapy, vaccine adjuvancy, and emerging applications — the most clinically advanced immune peptide drug.
Tuthill, Cynthia; Rios, Israel; McBeath, Randy ·
TNF-α correlated with both BNP and ANP levels in cardiac patients, revealing the inflammation-natriuretic peptide connection and supporting anti-inflammatory approaches in heart disease management.
Vaz Pérez, Amalia; Doehner, Wolfram; von Haehling, Stephan; Schmidt, Hendrik; Zimmermann, Arabel V; Volk, Hans-Dieter; Anker, Stefan D; Rauchhaus, Mathias ·
NT-proCNP and CNP levels did not correlate in cardiac patients, reflecting their different tissue sources and clearance — they measure different aspects of vascular biology and should not be used interchangeably.
Wang, Yong; Moreira, Maria da Consolação V; Heringer-Walther, Silvia; Schultheiss, Heinz-Peter; Siems, Wolf-Eberhard; Wessel, Niels; Walther, Thomas ·
Lixisenatide (a new GLP-1 receptor agonist based on exendin-4) showed distinct pharmacological properties from liraglutide/exenatide: stronger post-meal glucose control with convenient once-daily dosing.
Werner, Ulrich; Haschke, Guido; Herling, Andreas W; Kramer, Werner ·
Lactoferricin-derived peptides and LFchimera inhibited both biofilm formation and virulence factor production in Pseudomonas aeruginosa — anti-virulence activity that disarms rather than just kills this dangerous pathogen.
Xu, G; Xiong, W; Hu, Q; Zuo, P; Shao, B; Lan, F; Lu, X; Xu, Y; Xiong, S ·
Multiple molecular forms of BNP and NT-proBNP circulate in heart failure (proBNP, glycosylated variants, degradation products), with assay specificity for different forms affecting clinical measurements.
Xu-Cai, Ye Olivia; Wu, Qingyu ·
Rikkunshito (traditional medicine) combined with serotonin 5-HT2C receptor antagonism improved cisplatin-induced appetite loss through hypothalamic ghrelin pathway enhancement — integrating traditional and pharmacological approaches.
Yakabi, Koji; Kurosawa, Susumu; Tamai, Mitsuo; Yuzurihara, Mitsutoshi; Nahata, Miwa; Ohno, Shino; Ro, Shoki; Kato, Shingo; Aoyama, Toru; Sakurada, Tomoya; Takabayashi, Hidehiko; Hattori, Tomohisa ·
Teduglutide, a GLP-2 analog, demonstrated clinical benefit for short bowel syndrome by promoting intestinal adaptation and reducing parenteral nutrition dependence — a gut peptide drug for a devastating surgical condition.
Yazbeck, Roger ·
The intra-A-chain disulfide bond of INSL3 was essential for RXFP2 receptor binding and activation, revealing structural requirements for this reproductive peptide's function in fertility and testicular descent.
Zhang, Suode; Hughes, Richard A; Bathgate, Ross A D; Shabanpoor, Fazel; Hossain, M Akhter; Lin, Feng; van Lierop, Bianca; Robinson, Andrea J; Wade, John D ·
The loop structure of bovine lactoferricin was critical for inducing apoptosis in Jurkat leukemia cells, with loop disruption eliminating anticancer activity — structural requirements for cancer cell killing.
Zhang, Tie-nan; Yang, Wei; Liu, Ning ·
Three-dimensional peptide nanofiber scaffolds improved pancreatic islet viability and insulin secretion function compared to standard culture — advancing peptide scaffolds for diabetes cell-based therapy.
Zhao, Ming; Song, Chun; Zhang, Weihui; Hou, Yan; Huang, Renping; Song, Yimin; Xie, Wanjun; Shi, Yubo; Song, Chunfang ·
Marine collagen peptide supplementation improved glucose metabolism and lipid profiles in Chinese type 2 diabetes patients — clinical evidence for collagen peptides as a diabetes dietary supplement.
Zhu, Cui-Feng; Li, Guan-Zhi; Peng, Hong-Bin; Zhang, Fan; Chen, Yun; Li, Yong ·
Updated review of CRF-1 receptor antagonist development for anxiety and depression, covering new compounds, clinical trial results, and reasons for mixed success — the continuing quest for stress peptide drugs.
Zorrilla, Eric P; Koob, George F ·
A designer peptide nanofiber scaffold containing FGL motif (neural cell adhesion molecule fragment) showed biocompatibility and supported dorsal root ganglion neuron growth — peptide scaffold for nerve repair.
Zou, Zhenwei; Zheng, Qixin; Wu, Yongchao; Guo, Xiaodong; Yang, Shuhua; Li, Jingfeng; Pan, Haitao ·
Tissue substance P levels were altered in carpal tunnel syndrome patients, with changes correlating with nerve compression severity — suggesting this neuropeptide as a biomarker and potential therapeutic target.
Öztürk, Niyazi; Erin, Nuray; Tüzüner, Serdar ·
PYY was detected in human saliva with potential as a non-invasive biomarker for satiety status, bypassing blood draws — salivary appetite hormone monitoring.
Acosta, Andres; Hurtado, Maria D; Gorbatyuk, Oleg; La Sala, Michael; Duncan, David; Aslanidi, George; Campbell-Thompson, Martha; Zhang, Lei; Herzog, Herbert; Voutetakis, Antonis; Baum, Bruce J; Zolotukhin, Sergei ·
In 123 elderly hip fracture patients randomized to MK-677 (25 mg/day) or placebo for 24 weeks, MK-677 significantly increased IGF-1 levels by 51.4 ng/ml compared to placebo (p < 0.001). Gait speed showed a modest but significant improvement (0.7-score difference, p = 0.011). However, stair climbing power did not significantly improve (12.5 W increase, p = 0.292), and several other functional measures showed no benefit. The MK-0677 group had fewer falls than placebo, though this did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.096). Critically, the trial was terminated early due to a safety signal of congestive heart failure in a limited number of treated patients, leading to the conclusion that MK-677 has an unfavorable risk-benefit profile in elderly hip fracture patients.
Adunsky, Abraham; Chandler, Julie; Heyden, Norman; Lutkiewicz, Jeannine; Scott, Boyd B; Berd, Yuliya; Liu, Nancy; Papanicolaou, Dimitris A ·
Systematic C- and N-terminal truncation of lactoferrampin (LFampin 265-284) revealed the minimal active sequence needed for antimicrobial activity versus biophysical membrane interaction — not all structure-activity matches.
Adão, Regina; Nazmi, Kamran; Bolscher, Jan G M; Bastos, Margarida ·
Ghrelin's octanoyl modification by GOAT enzyme determines its metabolic activity, with acylation status differentially regulating GH release, appetite, and glucose metabolism — acylation as a therapeutic control point.
Al Massadi, O; Tschöp, M H; Tong, J ·
Digestion of caprine (goat) whey proteins with human gastrointestinal juice released antibacterial peptides active against foodborne pathogens — dairy digestion generates natural antimicrobial protection.
Almaas, Hilde; Eriksen, Ellen; Sekse, Camilla; Comi, Irene; Flengsrud, Ragnar; Holm, Halvor; Jensen, Einar; Jacobsen, Morten; Langsrud, Thor; Vegarud, Gerd E ·
Biphasic peptide amphiphile nanomatrix embedded with hydroxyapatite nanoparticles stimulated osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells — an optimized bone-regenerating peptide scaffold.
Anderson, Joel M; Patterson, Jessica L; Vines, Jeremy B; Javed, Amjad; Gilbert, Shawn R; Jun, Ho-Wook ·
Neuropeptides (substance P, CGRP, VIP, NPY) regulate lower urinary tract function including bladder contractility, urine storage, and micturition, with implications for overactive bladder and interstitial cystitis treatment.
Arms, Lauren; Vizzard, Margaret A ·
Exenatide once-weekly (long-acting release) showed superior HbA1c reduction and comparable weight loss to twice-daily with improved patient convenience — advancing toward the weekly injection paradigm for GLP-1 drugs.
Aroda, Vanita R; DeYoung, Mary Beth ·
Updated 2011 safety review of GLP-1 receptor agonists: GI side effects (nausea, vomiting) are most common but diminish over time; pancreatitis and thyroid concerns addressed with monitoring recommendations.
Aroda, Vanita R; Ratner, Robert ·
Spinal mu- and delta-opioid receptor activation potently inhibited substance P release from peripheral nociceptive nerves, revealing a specific presynaptic mechanism for spinal opioid-mediated pain suppression.
Beaudry, Hélène; Dubois, Dave; Gendron, Louis ·
Peripheral inflammation altered the desensitization of substance P-evoked currents in dorsal root ganglion neurons, explaining why inflamed tissue has enhanced pain sensitivity through neuropeptide receptor changes.
Bie, Bihua; Zhao, Zhi-Qi ·
Detailed methods for synthesizing hydrocarbon-stapled peptides for protein-protein interaction research and therapeutic targeting — enabling the growing field of stapled peptide drug development.
Bird, Gregory H; Crannell, W Christian; Walensky, Loren D ·
Comprehensive review of liraglutide — the first once-daily GLP-1 receptor agonist — covering its pharmacology, clinical trial results, weight loss effects, and cardiovascular safety data.
Bode, Bruce ·