RPEP-00080 · 1988GHK-Cu stimulated collagen synthesis in fibroblast cell cultures. The effect began at concentrations between 10 picomolar (10^-12 M) and 100 picomolar (10^-11 M), an extraordinarily low threshold.
The stimulation maximized at 1 nanomolar (10^-9 M). Above this concentration, the effect plateaued.
The collagen increase was independent of cell number changes. GHK-Cu was not simply making more cells; it was making existing cells produce more collagen.
A GHK tripeptide sequence (glycine-histidine-lysine) exists naturally within the alpha 2(I) chain of type I collagen. The authors proposed that when wounds break down collagen, proteases could release GHK fragments. These fragments would then bind copper and stimulate new collagen production at the wound site, creating a self-healing feedback loop.
Maquart, F X; Pickart, L; Laurent, M; Gillery, P; Monboisse, J C; Borel, J P · In Vitro
RPEP-00124 · 1989Milk proteins contain encrypted bioactive peptide sequences that are released during digestion, including opioid-like casomorphins, mineral-binding phosphopeptides, and immunostimulating peptides.
Meisel, H; Frister, H; Schlimme, E · Review
RPEP-01276 · 2007Hydroxyproline-containing di- and tripeptides from orally ingested gelatin hydrolysate were detected in human plasma, with food-grade collagen hydrolysate producing higher peptide blood levels than gelatin — confirming oral collagen peptide bioavailability.
Ohara, Hiroki; Matsumoto, Hitoshi; Ito, Kyoko; Iwai, Koji; Sato, Kenji · Clinical Trial
RPEP-01411 · 2008Oral gelatin hydrolysate meals stimulated GLP-1, insulin, and glucagon release while suppressing ghrelin in both normal weight and obese subjects, demonstrating collagen peptides trigger satiety hormone responses beyond simple protein-mediated effects.
Rubio, I G; Castro, G; Zanini, A C; Medeiros-Neto, G · Clinical Trial
RPEP-02478 · 2014Oral supplementation with specific collagen peptides (2.5 g or 5.0 g daily for 8 weeks) significantly improved skin elasticity compared to placebo in women aged 35–55. The improvement was statistically significant in both dosage groups, and the effect persisted even 4 weeks after supplementation ended — particularly in older women.
Skin moisture and transepidermal water loss showed positive trends in subgroup analyses but did not reach statistical significance overall. No side effects were reported throughout the study.
Proksch, E; Segger, D; Degwert, J; Schunck, M; Zague, V; Oesser, S · Randomized Controlled Trial
RPEP-03505 · 2017Marine fish-derived proteins and peptides — particularly those obtained from enzymatic hydrolysis of fish processing by-products — show a broad range of activities relevant to skincare: antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-aging, anti-photoaging, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibition. Fish-derived collagen specifically demonstrates abilities in skin repair and tissue regeneration.
The review highlights that these peptides are increasingly being developed into cosmeceutical products, taking advantage of both their bioactivity and the sustainability angle of using fish processing waste as the raw material.
Venkatesan, Jayachandran; Anil, Sukumaran; Kim, Se-Kwon; Shim, Min Suk · Narrative Review
RPEP-03542 · 2017Young athletes with functional knee pain who took 5 grams of bioactive collagen peptides daily for 12 weeks experienced significantly greater reduction in activity-related knee pain compared to placebo. The collagen group improved by 19.5 points on the VAS pain scale versus 13.9 points for placebo (p=0.046). Independent physician assessments confirmed the result (16.7 vs 12.2 points, p=0.021). Participants taking collagen peptides also significantly reduced their use of additional treatments like taping, physical therapy, or anti-inflammatory drugs.
Zdzieblik, Denise; Oesser, Steffen; Gollhofer, Albert; König, Daniel · Rct
RPEP-03901 · 2018A novel cyclic form of the collagen peptide Pro-Hyp was detected in human blood for the first time after ingestion of collagen hydrolysate. Cyclic Pro-Hyp peaked in plasma at 2 hours post-ingestion, reaching levels of 0.14–0.34 nmol/mL — approximately 5% of the linear Pro-Hyp concentration.
In cell culture experiments, cyclic Pro-Hyp at 7 nmol/mL significantly enhanced the growth rate of mouse skin fibroblasts on collagen gel more than the linear form, suggesting it may be more biologically active despite its lower concentration.
Shigemura, Yasutaka; Iwasaki, Yu; Tateno, Mana; Suzuki, Asahi; Kurokawa, Mihoko; Sato, Yoshio; Sato, Kenji · Pilot Study
RPEP-04886 · 2020Glycomacropeptide (GMP) given by mouth significantly increased filaggrin, beta-defensin 2, and cathelicidin expression in damaged skin. These are proteins critical for maintaining the skin barrier and fighting off infections.
GMP also strongly reduced epidermal thickening and IFN-gamma expression in damaged skin. This means it calmed the inflammatory response driving the eczema-like condition.
On the microbiome side, GMP prevented Staphylococcus aureus colonization of the skin, which is a major trigger for eczema flares. In the gut, GMP boosted Bifidobacterium levels and increased short-chain fatty acids (acetic acid and butyric acid), especially when given before eczema was induced.
Jiménez, Mariela; Muñoz, Fabiola C; Cervantes-García, Daniel; Cervantes, Maritza M; Hernández-Mercado, Alicia; Barrón-García, Berenice; Moreno Hernández-Duque, José L; Rodríguez-Carlos, Adrián; Rivas-Santiago, Bruno; Salinas, Eva · Animal Study
RPEP-04887 · 2020Salmon skin collagen was broken down by four different enzymes. The trypsin-digested version showed the strongest DPP-IV inhibition at 66% at 10 mg/mL.
After separating the fragments by size, the smallest fraction (under a certain molecular weight) had an IC50 of 0.79 mg/mL. Further purification identified a novel peptide, LDKVFR, with an IC50 of 0.1 mg/mL (128.71 micromolar).
Molecular docking showed LDKVFR binds to DPP-IV through six hydrogen bonds and eight hydrophobic interactions, explaining its inhibitory activity.
Jin, Ritian; Teng, Xiangyu; Shang, Jiaqi; Wang, Dangfeng; Liu, Ning · In Vitro
RPEP-04952 · 2020Peptides GPR, GPRG, and GPRGP from fish collagen resisted GI digestion, were absorbed by Caco-2 cells, and inhibited platelet aggregation (IC50: 0.160-0.917 mg/ml) without bleeding risk.
Li, Yuqi; Wang, Bo; Li, Bo · In Vitro
RPEP-04956 · 2020FDHIVY peptide from tilapia bone collagen enhanced intestinal calcium transport by 202% in Caco-2 cells within 30 minutes via calcium chelation.
Liao, Wanwen; Chen, Hui; Jin, Wengang; Yang, Zhennai; Cao, Yong; Miao, Jianyin · In Vitro
RPEP-05039 · 2020Enzymatic hydrolysis of tuna skin collagen (52.7% degree of hydrolysis) and gelatin (45.2%) produced peptide fractions with significantly enhanced antioxidant activity across multiple molecular weight ranges.
Nurilmala, Mala; Hizbullah, Hanifah Husein; Karnia, Euis; Kusumaningtyas, Eni; Ochiai, Yoshihiro · In Vitro
RPEP-05082 · 2020ERJ-CP at 3 mg/mL extended natural aging Drosophila lifespan by 11.16%, upregulated antioxidant enzymes (T-SOD, GSH-Px, CAT), and reduced oxidative damage markers (MDA, PCO) while improving physical performance.
Qiu, Wenjing; Chen, Xu; Tian, Yongqi; Wu, Daping; Du, Ming; Wang, Shaoyun · Animal Study
RPEP-05092 · 2020TSCP at 1 mg/mL reduced AAPH-induced hemolysis from 56.35% to 18.78% (p<0.01). At 2.5 mg/10g/day oral dosing, TSCP prolonged exhaustive swimming time while decreasing serum lactic acid, urea nitrogen, and creatine kinase, and increasing glycogen and SOD.
Ren, Yao; Wu, Hui; Chi, Yuanlong; Deng, Ruijie; He, Qiang · Animal Study
RPEP-05106 · 2020Marine collagen and its derivatives (gelatin, peptides) show versatile bioactive properties including potential for tissue engineering, wound healing, dietary supplementation for weight management and glycemic control, with growing preclinical and clinical evidence.
Salvatore, Luca; Gallo, Nunzia; Natali, Maria Lucia; Campa, Lorena; Lunetti, Paola; Madaghiele, Marta; Blasi, Federica Stella; Corallo, Angelo; Capobianco, Loredana; Sannino, Alessandro · Review
RPEP-05111 · 2020Pro-Hyp is a low molecular weight growth-initiating factor that selectively triggers proliferation of p75NTR-positive (stem cell-like) fibroblasts on collagen gel but not p75NTR-negative fibroblasts. Oral collagen/gelatin delivers Pro-Hyp to tissues and accelerates wound healing in animals and humans.
Sato, Kenji; Asai, Tomoko T; Jimi, Shiro · Review
RPEP-05192 · 2020Collagen peptides from redlip croaker scales, particularly the neutrase hydrolysate, show strong antioxidant activity and cytoprotective effects on liver cells.
Wang, Wan-Yi; Zhao, Yu-Qin; Zhao, Guo-Xu; Chi, Chang-Feng; Wang, Bin · In Vitro
RPEP-05237 · 2020Oral administration of collagen peptide (CP) and elastin peptide (EP) together reversed skin aging in mice subjected to both D-galactose (which accelerates aging) and UV radiation. The combination increased collagen and elastin content in the skin, boosted hyaluronic acid and hydroxyproline levels, and reduced MMP-3 (a collagen-destroying enzyme) and IL-1α (an inflammatory marker).
The molecular mechanism involved upregulation of seven key factors involved in collagen and elastin synthesis: IGF-1, LOX, SMAD2, JNK, SP1, TβRII, and TGF-β. Importantly, the collagen and elastin peptides appeared to work synergistically — together they were more effective than either alone.
Zhang, Zejun; Zhu, Huawei; Zheng, Yating; Zhang, Lanyue; Wang, Xiaoling; Luo, Zhen; Tang, Jian; Lin, Li; Du, Zhiyun; Dong, Changzhi · Preclinical (Animal Study)
RPEP-05253 · 2021Current in vitro permeability assays have limitations in predicting oral bioavailability of food-derived bioactive peptides. Advanced mass spectrometry and peptidomics are needed to detect individual peptides from complex hydrolysates in biological samples.
Abeer, Muhammad Mustafa; Trajkovic, Sanja; Brayden, David J · Review
RPEP-05270 · 2021Oral bioactive peptides improve multiple diseases via T-reg expansion, and collagen hydrolysate supplementation reduces OA pain. However, higher circulating T-regs are associated with reduced CVD/allergy risk but increased solid cancer risk.
Barati, Meisam; Jabbari, Masoumeh; Nickho, Hamid; Esparvarinha, Mojgan; Javadi Mamaghani, Amirreza; Majdi, Hasan; Fathollahi, Anwar; Davoodi, Sayed Hossein · Review
RPEP-05298 · 2021The collagen-derived peptide FNLRMQ inhibits ACE activity and protects blood vessel endothelial cells from angiotensin II-induced injury through Nrf2/HO-1 and PI3K/Akt/eNOS signaling pathways.
Cai, Shuilin; Pan, Nan; Xu, Min; Su, Yongchang; Qiao, Kun; Chen, Bei; Zheng, Bingde; Xiao, Meitian; Liu, Zhiyu · In Vitro
RPEP-05306 · 2021AP collagen peptides blocked cortisol-induced GR activation and prevented the suppression of TGF-β signaling and collagen type I production in human dermal fibroblasts, senescent cells, and skin models.
Chae, Minjung; Bae, Il-Hong; Lim, Sung Hwan; Jung, Kyoungmi; Roh, Jonghwa; Kim, Wangi · In Vitro
RPEP-05381 · 2021Sierra fish enzyme-derived squid collagen hydrolysates achieved 82.28% ACE inhibition and 64% ABTS antioxidant activity, with 15.2% of peptides below 3 kDa versus 7.9% from squid enzyme hydrolysates.
Fimbres-Romero, Manuel de J; Cabrera-Chávez, Francisco; Ezquerra-Brauer, Josafat M; Márquez-Ríos, Enrique; Suárez-Jiménez, Guadalupe M; Del Toro-Sanchez, Carmen L; Ramírez-Torres, Giovanni Isaí; Torres-Arreola, Wilfrido · In Vitro
RPEP-05592 · 2021Injectable magnetic-responsive short-peptide supramolecular hydrogels demonstrated magnetically guided assembly ex vivo, providing spatially controllable scaffolds with potential for tissue engineering applications.
Mañas-Torres, Mari C; Gila-Vilchez, Cristina; Vazquez-Perez, Francisco J; Kuzhir, Pavel; Momier, David; Scimeca, Jean-Claude; Borderie, Arnaud; Goracci, Marianne; Burel-Vandenbos, Fanny; Blanco-Elices, Cristina; Rodriguez, Ismael A; Alaminos, Miguel; de Cienfuegos, Luis Álvarez; Lopez-Lopez, Modesto T · Animal Study
RPEP-05771 · 2021After two-step chromatographic purification, collagen hydrolysate fractions from Clarias batrachus (C2) and Pangasius pangasius (P2) fish skin showed potent anti-inflammatory activity in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. The active peptides were in the 1–3 kDa molecular weight range.
The C2 fraction reduced TNF-α gene expression to a 1.6-fold difference and IL-6 expression to a 30-fold difference compared to LPS stimulation alone. The P2 fraction reduced TNF-α to a 1.0-fold difference (essentially to baseline) and IL-6 to a 40-fold difference.
Both fractions also suppressed inflammatory proteins including TNF-α, IL-6, NFκB, and phosphorylated IκB (p-IκB), confirming the anti-inflammatory activity operates through the NFκB signaling pathway.
Sivaraman, K; Shanthi, C · In Vitro
RPEP-07077 · 2023Collagen hydrolysates (CHs) — low molecular weight peptides (3–6 kDa) from industrially processed collagen — have shown positive results in clinical trials for osteoarthritis: decreased joint pain, increased mobility, and structural joint improvements. The biological activity comes from bioactive peptides released during digestion of the collagen hydrolysate.
However, the review identifies significant knowledge gaps: it's unclear how well these peptides survive digestion, how much actually reaches the joints (bioavailability), which specific peptide sequences are responsible for the benefits, and how different collagen hydrolysate products compare. Sources include bovine (most common), porcine, and fish (piscine) collagen, each potentially producing different bioactive peptide profiles.
Larder, Christina E; Iskandar, Michèle M; Kubow, Stan · Review
RPEP-07262 · 2023Older adults (≥50 years) who took 15 grams of low-molecular collagen peptides daily for 12 weeks experienced a significant reduction in body fat mass compared to placebo, confirmed by two independent measurement methods (BIA and DEXA).
The collagen group saw a -0.49% change in total fat mass while the placebo group gained 2.23% (p=0.041). Within the collagen group, significant reductions were observed in whole body fat mass (p=0.002), whole body fat percentage (p=0.002), trunk fat mass (p=0.001), and trunk fat percentage (p<0.001). Importantly, physical activity levels, dietary intake, and blood biochemistry did not differ between groups, suggesting the effect was from the collagen supplementation itself.
Park, Jeongbin; Kim, Minji; Shin, Hyeri; Ahn, Hyejin; Park, Yoo Kyoung · Randomized Controlled Trial
RPEP-08738 · 2024UV radiation accelerates skin aging (photoaging) by generating reactive oxygen species that activate matrix metalloproteinases — enzymes that break down collagen. Type I collagen makes up 80–90% of skin collagen, followed by type III (8–12%) and type V (5%). As photoaging progresses, total collagen decreases and the structural matrix of the skin breaks down.
The review finds that supplementing with collagen and collagen-derived peptides can counteract UV-induced skin damage. Both oral collagen peptide supplements and topical collagen-based products are being used increasingly in biomedical and aesthetic applications to restore collagen levels and improve photoaged skin appearance.
Liu, Helei; Dong, Junjuan; Du, Rina; Gao, Yaoxing; Zhao, Pengwei · Review
RPEP-09121 · 2024The peptide inhibitors specifically target the primary binding interface between TANGO1 and cTAGE5, two proteins required for collagen export from the endoplasmic reticulum. Treatment reduced protein levels of both TANGO1 and cTAGE5, blocking the secretion of multiple extracellular matrix components including collagens, fibrillin, and fibronectin.
In zebrafish, the peptide inhibitors altered tissue architecture and reduced granulation tissue formation during wound healing. In human dermal fibroblasts and cells from scleroderma patients (who have generalized fibrosis), the inhibitors reduced secretion of ECM proteins.
Raote, Ishier; Rosendahl, Ann-Helen; Häkkinen, Hanna-Maria; Vibe, Carina; Küçükaylak, Ismail; Sawant, Mugdha; Keufgens, Lena; Frommelt, Pia; Halwas, Kai; Broadbent, Katrina; Cunquero, Marina; Castro, Gustavo; Villemeur, Marie; Nüchel, Julian; Bornikoel, Anna; Dam, Binita; Zirmire, Ravindra K; Kiran, Ravi; Carolis, Carlo; Andilla, Jordi; Loza-Alvarez, Pablo; Ruprecht, Verena; Jamora, Colin; Campelo, Felix; Krüger, Marcus; Hammerschmidt, Matthias; Eckes, Beate; Neundorf, Ines; Krieg, Thomas; Malhotra, Vivek · In Vitro/Animal
RPEP-09156 · 2024Partly replacing whey protein with collagen peptides (20g collagen + 25g whey vs. 45g whey alone) provided no additional benefit for muscle damage or functional recovery during eccentric exercise training.
Robberechts, Ruben; Poffé, Chiel; Ampe, Noémie; Bogaerts, Stijn; Hespel, Peter · RCT
RPEP-09207 · 2024Single-stage combined enzymatic hydrolysis (Alcalase + Protana) achieved 80% protein yield and 34-49% degree of hydrolysis, producing low-molecular-weight peptides. Hydrolysates showed ABTS antioxidant activity with EC50 below 5 mg/mL and over 60% ACE inhibition at 5 mg/mL. Gilthead seabream co-products yielded the most promising bioactive peptides.
Sapatinha, Maria; Camacho, Carolina; Pais-Costa, Antónia Juliana; Fernando, Ana Luísa; Marques, António; Pires, Carla · In Vitro
RPEP-09226 · 20245 g daily SCP supplementation for 12 weeks significantly reduced pain at rest (p=0.018) and during walking (p=0.032) per physician evaluation. Participants reported significantly less pain climbing stairs (p=0.040) and kneeling (p=0.014) compared to placebo.
Schulze, Claas; Schunck, Michael; Zdzieblik, Denise; Oesser, Steffen · RCT
RPEP-09237 · 2024Collagen peptides significantly improved skin roughness, wrinkle peak-to-valley values, maximum peak height, and average maximum wrinkle height vs placebo. Overall, net, and biological elasticity significantly improved at week 12. Skin hydration and whitening (melanin, erythema) also significantly improved. Zero adverse events reported.
Seong, Seol Hwa; Lee, Young In; Lee, Joohee; Choi, Sooyeon; Kim, In Ah; Suk, Jangmi; Jung, Inhee; Baeg, Chaemin; Kim, Jinhak; Oh, Dongchan; Lee, Ju Hee · RCT
RPEP-09269 · 2024Codfish skin collagen hydrolysates achieved 961 µmol TE antioxidant activity and 39.3% ACE inhibition. Chitosan-TPP encapsulation enabled 58% intestinal release in a simulated GI tract model.
Silva, Isa; Vaz, Bárbara M C; Sousa, Sérgio; Pintado, Maria Manuela; Coscueta, Ezequiel R; Ventura, Sónia P M · In Vitro
RPEP-09285 · 2024Matrikines derived from ECM protein degradation actively regulate skin cell behavior through specific signaling pathways, with demonstrated therapeutic potential in melanoma, chronic wounds, inflammatory skin diseases, and anti-aging applications.
Sirois, Jonathan P; Heinz, Andrea · Review
RPEP-09339 · 2024Substance P had no independent effect on corneal fibroblast collagen synthesis or MMP-1 expression. However, it significantly enhanced TGF-β-induced collagen type I synthesis. This effect was mediated by p38 MAPK activation and was blocked by neurokinin-1 receptor inhibition. SP did not affect IL-1β-stimulated MMP-1 expression.
Sugioka, Koji; Nishida, Teruo; Murakami, Junko; Itahashi, Motoki; Yunoki, Mai; Kusaka, Shunji · In Vitro
RPEP-09370 · 202433-residue collagen-mimetic peptides using SESSA design self-assembled into both nanofibers and hydrogels, with consistent behavior across scales and a direct structure-property relationship.
Tanrikulu, I Caglar; Dang, Lianna; Nelavelli, Lekha; Ellison, Aubrey J; Olsen, Bradley D; Jin, Song; Raines, Ronald T · In Vitro
RPEP-09380 · 2024Collagen peptides reduced polysomnographic awakenings from 29.3 to 21.3 per night and improved next-morning Stroop test accuracy to 100% vs 97% with placebo.
Thomas, Craig; Kingshott, Ruth N; Allott, Kirsty M; Tang, Jonathan C Y; Dunn, Rachel; Fraser, William D; Thorley, Josh; Virgilio, Nicolina; Prawitt, Janne; Hogervorst, Eef; Škarabot, Jakob; Clifford, Tom · RCT
RPEP-09447 · 2024All collagen hydrolysate sources (fish, porcine, bovine) at different molecular weights yielded comparable plasma concentrations of free and peptide-bound hydroxyproline, confirming bioavailability of intact collagen peptides.
Virgilio, Nicolina; Schön, Christiane; Mödinger, Yvonne; van der Steen, Bastiaan; Vleminckx, Sara; van Holthoon, Frédérique L; Kleinnijenhuis, Anne J; Silva, Catarina I F; Prawitt, Janne · RCT
RPEP-09450 · 20245g daily collagen peptide supplementation significantly improved dermis density and skin moisture at 84 days, with visible improvements in wrinkles, elasticity, and nail color appearing by day 28 in East Asian women.
Vleminckx, Sara; Virgilio, Nicolina; Asserin, Jerome; Prawitt, Janne; Silva, Catarina I F · RCT
RPEP-09479 · 2024Sturgeon swim bladder collagen peptides extended C. elegans lifespan by 22.6% and improved multiple healthspan indicators, mediated through MAPK, insulin/IGF-1, and NHR-80/FAT-6 lipid metabolism pathways.
Wang, Lin; Li, Peiyu; Zheng, Fuping; Zhu, Zhiling; Bai, Fan; Gao, Ruichang · Animal Study
RPEP-09495 · 2024AI diffusion model generated collagen mimetic peptides with 66% triple-helix self-assembly success rate, hydrogel formation at 0.08% w/v concentration, and osteoblast differentiation activity for potential bone regeneration applications.
Wang, Xinglong; Xu, Kangjie; Ma, Lingling; Sun, Ruoxi; Wang, Kun; Wang, Ruiyan; Zhang, Junli; Tao, Wenwen; Linghu, Kai; Yu, Shuyao; Zhou, Jingwen · In Vitro
RPEP-09531 · 2024First individual PK profiling of collagen peptides shows Gly-Pro-Hyp has 4.4% oral bioavailability and Pro-Hyp has 19.3%, with flip-flop kinetics indicating transporter-mediated absorption and double-peak patterns suggesting multiple absorption sites.
Won, Jihyun; Kang, Juhyung; Noh, Keumhan; Chung, Hee-Chul; Kang, Wonku · Animal Study
RPEP-09556 · 2024Seven novel ACE inhibitory peptides were identified from eel bone collagen hydrolysates, with GPPGPPGL (IC50 535.84 μM) competitively binding ACE's S2 pocket. GPPGPPGL also increased nitric oxide and decreased endothelin-1 in HUVECs.
Xiang, Huan; Huang, Hui; Shao, Yanqiu; Hao, Shuxian; Li, Laihao; Wei, Ya; Chen, Shengjun; Zhao, Yongqiang · In Vitro
RPEP-09597 · 2024Marine peptides target multiple aging mechanisms simultaneously — oxidative stress reduction, inflammation modulation, mitochondrial repair, autophagy induction, and longevity pathway regulation — making them promising multi-target anti-aging agents.
Yao, Wanzi; Zhang, Yifeng; Zhang, Gaiping · Review
RPEP-09612 · 2024Fusing EGF with cell-penetrating peptides in plant expression systems is a feasible strategy for producing transdermal skincare proteins, though clinical efficacy data is still lacking.
Yu, Guangdong; Zhao, Wengang; Wang, Yunpeng; Xu, Nuo · Review
RPEP-12355 · 2025In C. elegans, low-molecular-weight bovine collagen hydrolysate (2 mg/mL) significantly reduced fat accumulation and reactive oxygen species, slowed aging (measured by lipofuscin), and extended median lifespan.
In 32 male diet-induced obese C57BL/6 mice, 8 weeks of daily supplementation (1 mg/animal/day) produced significant reductions in adipose tissue: mesenteric fat decreased 28%, visceral fat decreased 15%, and total adipose tissue decreased 18%. Glucose tolerance improved markedly, with a 26% reduction in area under the curve on glucose tolerance testing (p < 0.05). The collagen peptides also significantly increased gut microbiota diversity and shifted bacterial populations toward beneficial species.
López-Yoldi, Miguel; Aranaz, Paula; Riezu-Boj, José I; González-Salazar, Itxaso; Izco, Jesús M; Recalde, José I; González-Navarro, Carlos J; Milagro, Fermín I · Animal Study
RPEP-12915 · 2025GLP-1 receptor agonists achieve 10–20% weight reduction and reduce perioperative complications in hernia patients, but the delayed gastric emptying they cause creates anesthesia safety challenges requiring individualized fasting protocols.
Paduraru, Dan Nicolae; Palcau, Alexandru Cosmin; Ion, Daniel; Seicaru, Razvan · Narrative Review
RPEP-13031 · 2025A composite hydrogel formulated from jellyfish collagen peptides and brown algae extract showed characteristics suitable for wound healing and skin repair applications.
Pesterau, Ana-Maria; Popescu, Antoanela; Sirbu, Rodica; Cadar, Emin; Busuricu, Florica; Dragan, Ana-Maria Laura; Pascale, Carolina; Ionescu, Ana-Maria; Bogdan-Andreescu, Claudia Florina; Radu, Marius-Daniel; Tomescu, Cezar Laurentiu · In Vitro