Browse more peptide research, methods and limitations.
Self-emulsifying ILP (se-ILPdry) achieved 12.10% oral bioavailability for HRP polypeptide vs 1.54% for non-emulsifying ILPdry, with rapid and complete emulsification in gastric and intestinal fluids.
Ebert, Melanie Lena; Postina, Annika; Schmidt, Marlene Ramona; Laffleur, Flavia; Kali, Gergely; Bernkop-Schnürch, Andreas ·
Primary outcome (cerebral glucose metabolic rate) showed no significant change (difference -0.17, p=0.14). Secondary outcome ADAS-Exec favored liraglutide (0.15, p=0.01). Safety was confirmed in non-diabetic AD patients.
Edison, Paul; Femminella, Grazia Daniela; Ritchie, Craig; Nowell, Joseph; Holmes, Clive; Walker, Zuzana; Ridha, Basil; Raza, Sanara; Livingston, Nicholas R; Frangou, Eleni; Love, Sharon; Williams, Gareth; Lawrence, Robert; Mcfarlane, Brady; Archer, Hilary; Coulthard, Elizabeth; Underwood, Benjamin R; Koranteng, Paul; Karim, Salman; Bannister, Carol; Perneczky, Robert; Prasanna, Aparna; Junaid, Kehinde; McGuinness, Bernadette; Nilforooshan, Ramin; Macharouthu, Ajay; Donaldson, Andrew; Thacker, Simon; Russell, Gregor; Malik, Naghma; Mate, Vandana; Knight, Lucy; Kshemendran, Sajeev; Holscher, Christian; Mansouri, Anita; Chester-Jones, Mae; Holmes, Jane; Tan, Trisha; Williams, Steve; Ashraf, Azhaar; Brooks, David J; Harrison, John; Hinz, Rainer; Tadros, George; Passmore, Anthony Peter; Ballard, Clive ·
Tirzepatide attenuated alcohol reward (dopamine release p<0.001), dose-dependently reduced intake (p<0.001), prevented binge (p<0.01) and relapse drinking (p<0.001), with sustained efficacy, and induced lasting synaptic depression and histone changes in the lateral septum.
Edvardsson, Christian E; Adermark, Louise; Gottlieb, Sam; Alfreji, Safana; Emous, Thaynnam A; Gouda, Yomna; Thorsell, Annika; Vujičić, Milica; Aranäs, Cajsa; Benrick, Anna; Wernstedt Asterholm, Ingrid; Lopez, Marcelo F; Becker, Howard C; Jerlhag, Elisabet ·
Tirzepatide causes injection-site reactions comparable to semaglutide, rare severe dermatologic events, and facial volume loss from rapid weight loss, but shows immunomodulatory potential for inflammatory skin diseases.
El-Amawy, Heba Saed ·
Oral semaglutide reduced HbA1c by -1.0% (p<0.0001), body weight by -4.4 kg (p<0.0001), and waist circumference by -4.3 cm (p<0.0001), with 61.9% achieving HbA1c <7% and significant treatment satisfaction improvement.
ElBadawi, Hussein; Albalkhi, Nader; Al Kadhim, Ibrahim; Elsadig, Ahmed; Baltzis, Dimitrios; Hatahet, Mohamed Hassan; Ismail, Mahmoud; Khader, Said; Rasmussen, Christina Louise; Scheuer, Stine Hedegaard; Shalaby, Ahmed; Almehthel, Mohammed ·
Worsening COVID-19 patients showed rising renin and Ang I (p<0.001), declining Ang II/Ang I ratio (p<0.001), increasing Ang 1-7 (p<0.001), and rising ADMA (p<0.001), with 28-day outcomes predicted by renin, Ang I, Ang 1-7, and ADMA.
Eleuteri, Davide; Del Tedesco, Filippo; Silvia, Federico; Tucciariello, Caterina; Ruggiero, Ersilia; Gervasoni, Jacopo; Santucci, Lavinia; Primiano, Aniello; Petrucci, Martina; Torelli, Ernico; Cianci, Rossella; Giannarelli, Diana; Cutuli, Salvatore Lucio; De Pascale, Gennaro; Bello, Giuseppe; Maria, Calabrese; Masullo, Matteo; Urbani, Andrea; Di Santo, Riccardo; Antonelli, Massimo; Montini, Luca ·
SAC/VAL was more neuroprotective than VAL alone in PD rats, likely through neprilysin inhibition boosting natriuretic peptides that activate the WNT/β-catenin pathway, while reducing oxidative stress and neuroinflammation.
Elkhial, Rania Tarek; Awny, Magdy M; El-Sayed, Elsayed K; Nofal, Shahira ·
In 5 RCTs (25,067 patients), GLP-1 RAs showed non-significant trends for revascularization (OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.73-1.05, p=0.13) and amputations (OR 0.82, 95% CI 0.53-1.27, p=0.37) in PAD patients.
Elliott, Beth; Tomlinson, Ellie; Desai, Nirali; Heald, Adrian; Field, Benjamin C; Heiss, Christian; Whyte, Martin B ·
An AGEP-like skin reaction after semaglutide dose increase was attributed to the excipient propylene glycol rather than semaglutide, highlighting the importance of ingredient analysis in adverse drug reactions.
Elliott, Destinee C; Veon, Francesca L; McBride, Jeffrey D; Levin, Jarad ·
Non-weight-restored AN patients had elevated fasting GLP-1 (29 vs 16 pg/mL, p=0.048) and GIP (37 vs 5 pmol/L, p=0.048). GLP-1 strongly correlated with perfectionism (r=0.768, p=0.001) independent of BMI.
Elm, Sofia; Petersson, Suzanne; Carlsson, Martin; Brudin, Lars; Marteinsdottir, Ina; Wanby, Pär ·
Glucagon receptor agonism enhances weight loss through energy expenditure stimulation when combined with GLP-1R and/or GIPR agonism, with dual (survodutide, cotatutide, mazdutide) and triple (retatrutide) agonists in clinical development.
Elmendorf, Andrew J; Yousefian, Mostafa; Kim, Il-Man; Hardaway, J Andrew; Habegger, Kirk; Flak, Jonathan N ·
GLP-1RA use was associated with reduced opioid prescriptions (OR 0.65), pain diagnostic codes (OR 0.79), and fatigue codes (OR 0.68), all p<0.001, over 5-year follow-up in 96,050 matched fibromyalgia patients.
Eshak, Nouran; Irani, Anushka; Sullivan, Megan ·
Semaglutide reduced CSF p-tau, t-tau, neurogranin, and inflammation marker YKL-40 in humans, but Phase 3 AD trials did not meet the CDR-SB cognitive primary endpoint despite favorable biomarker modulation.
Evola, Vito; Parmar, Mayur S ·
Post-TAVR: GLP-1 RA decreased all-cause mortality; SGLT2i decreased arrhythmia; combined GLP-1 RA + SGLT2i decreased mortality, MI, acute HF, and arrhythmia compared to untreated matched controls.
Fahoury, Alan M; Kamel-Abusalha, Louie; Didier, Alexander J; Wunderly, Kevin; Sarrouj, Sami; Issa, Rochell; Afifi, Ahmed; Gupta, Rajesh ·
The SS-31/REDV/PBNP-functionalized scaffold reduced EC apoptosis, promoted EC proliferation and migration under hyperglycemia, suppressed macrophage inflammatory cytokines, and accelerated endothelialization in diabetic rabbit vascular models.
Fan, Yang; Xingzhuang, Du; Zhiyu, Zhao; Gaoyang, Guo; Yunbing, Wang ·
RVG and CPP.16 modifications redirect sEVs into transcytotic rather than endocytic pathways. RVG-sEVs use clathrin-mediated endocytosis for superior BBB penetration and more efficient siRNA delivery to neurons and astrocytes in vivo.
Fang, Jingwen; Zhang, Lingzhu; Wang, Ye; Chen, Menghan; He, Yanqiu; Zhang, Chen-Yu; Zhang, Yujing; Jiang, Xiaohong; Li, Jing ·
PTHrP1-34 was elevated in IPF lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage, activated fibroblasts and ECM production, and targeting the PTHrP1-34/PTH1R axis with antibodies, peptides, or gene silencing attenuated pulmonary fibrosis in mice.
Fang, Xue-Quan; Lim, Suha; Lee, Yoon-Mi; Lim, Chang-Hoon; Kim, Han-Byeol; Joo, Jeong Ho; Han, Sang-Woo; Kim, Seohyun; Kim, Ji Hyung; Na, Kwon Joong; Park, Samina; Kim, Young Tae; Park, Jimyung; Park, Jooho; Lee, Jeong Seok; Shin, Eun-Young; Kim, Eung-Gook; Shin, Hyun-Woo; Lim, Ji-Hong ·
Immobilized peptide-based nanomotors coated with RBC membranes captured endotoxins structure-independently via electrostatic interactions, prevented pro-inflammatory cytokine release, and managed bacterial colitis through endotoxin sequestration.
Fang, Yuxin; Yan, Jianming; Yu, Tongxin; An, Zichuan; Lv, Kaikai; Xue, Chenyu; Yu, Hongyang; Dong, Na; Shan, Anshan ·
SCI patients showed GI dysmotility, exaggerated glycemic excursions, weakened ghrelin-hunger and GLP-1-fullness coupling (p<0.05), a shift toward glucose-driven satiety signals, and enhanced insulin-GLP-1 association.
Farkas, Gary J; Cunningham, Paige M; Berg, Arthur S; Jimsheleishvili, George; Mendez, Armando J; Gater, David R; Nash, Mark S; Rolls, Barbara J ·
Preclinical evidence consistently supports GLP-1 RA efficacy across alcohol, nicotine, opioid, and psychostimulant use disorders. Observational human data suggest benefits. RCTs are emerging with promising but mixed signals. No increased psychopathology risk.
Farokhnia, Mehdi; Leggio, Lorenzo ·
SCPH oral treatment restored Th1/Th2 balance in CYP-immunosuppressed mice, upregulating IFNG, TBX21, IgG, IgM and downregulating IL4, GATA3, IL-10, IgA, sIgA, with improved splenic architecture.
Farooqui, Nabeel Ahmed; Rehman, Ata Ur; Khan, Asif Iqbal; Ullah, Hidayat; Ali, Muhsin; Yousuf, Waleed; Alioui, Yamina; Atta, Aamna; Abusidu, Mohammad; Saleh, Bilal; Ghaleb, Eslam; Li, Yanxia; Xin, Yi; Siddiqui, Nimra Zafar; Wang, Liang ·
Cutaneous AEs reported in up to 8.16% of GLP-1 RA cases; semaglutide highest rate, dulaglutide lowest. PRR 0.27 vs DPP-4 inhibitors indicates proportionally fewer skin events. Exenatide showed increased odds (OR 5.01).
Fat, Marisa N; Johnson, Hayden C; Farberg, Aaron S ·
One-step RP-HPLC achieved 99.05% recovery and 98.44% purity for melittin, with 6-month accelerated stability testing (ICH conditions) demonstrating superior stability of purified melittin over crude venom.
Fatahian, Farnaz; Rezadoost, Hassan; Golestan, Seyed Mohammad Jafar Seyed; Behboudi, Hossein; Catani, Martina; Cavazzini, Alberto; Ghassempour, Alireza ·
AI-generated peptide-like molecules showed superior binding to EC targets: AKT1 (-11.53 kcal/mol vs reference -8.50), CTNNB1 (-12.33 kcal/mol), ESR1 (-11.05 kcal/mol), with RMSD <2.5 Å in MD simulations and favorable WaterSwap binding energies (-34 to -37 kcal/mol).
Fatima, Israr; Rehman, Abdur; Wang, Zhibo; Ur Rehman, Hafeez; Aldaw, Mohamed; Warraich, Dawood Ahmed; Meng, Yuxuan; Li, Yan; Liao, Mingzhi ·
Obese SGA children showed lower fasting/post-load ghrelin and smaller suppression. Fasting ghrelin and its suppression were independently associated with HOMA-IR, while post-load ghrelin was determined by post-load insulin.
Fedorczak, Anna; Smalczewska, Paula; Grobelna, Magdalena; Szałapska, Małgorzata; Zygmunt, Arkadiusz; Stawerska, Renata ·
NN501 reduced body weight comparably to GLP-1 RAs but with only modest food intake reduction, primarily through increased energy expenditure and fatty-acid oxidation, with more gradual weight regain and no compensatory hyperphagia after discontinuation.
Feetham, Claire H; Groom, Sam; John, Linu M; Christoffersen, Berit Ostergaard; Collabolletta, Valeria; Lyons, David; Adamson, Antony; Lundh, Sofia; Gerstenberg, Marina Kjærgaard; Tang-Christensen, Mads; Conde-Frieboes, Kilian W; Secher, Anna; Kruse Hansen, Ann Maria; Luckman, Simon M ·
GLP-1RA use associated with lower SAH risk (HR 0.66, 95% CI 0.50-0.87) and mortality (HR 0.63, 95% CI 0.52-0.76) in matched diabetic patients with intracranial aneurysms over 5 years, confirmed in untreated aneurysm subgroup.
Feghali, James; Ruchika, Fnu; Horowitz, Melanie A; Xu, Risheng; Jackson, Christopher M; Caplan, Justin M; Huang, Judy; Tamargo, Rafael J; Gonzalez, L Fernando ·
PBA-AMP showed tumor-selective binding via sialic acid targeting, 3× improved MCF-7 cytotoxicity (IC50 38.46 vs 110 μM), selective tumor accumulation in vivo, and significant tumor suppression in 4T1 mice without systemic toxicity.
Feng, Chunlai; Deng, Wen; Cai, Min; Hu, Yujiao; Liang, Wenyan; Dong, Hangyu; Rui, Mengjie ·
PDCs enable targeted delivery of cytotoxic payloads via tumor-homing peptides, with PROTAC-based PDCs emerging as a novel approach combining targeted delivery with targeted protein degradation.
Feng, Yanyan; Li, Tong; Li, Shijia; Liu, Zhouyan; Tang, Ziwei; Chen, Cheng; Zhou, Chen; Lu, Tulin; Chen, Jichao ·
At 1 month: MMD reduction -6.93 days, HIT reduction -7.96 points. Over 60% achieved ≥50% MMD/MHD reduction within 3 months. Effects gradually increased through 12 months. AE rates 25% (6 months) to 35% (12 months).
Fernández-Bravo-Rodrigo, Jaime; Pascual-Morena, Carlos; Saz-Lara, Alicia; Martínez-García, Irene; Lever-Megina, Carla Geovanna; Patiño-Cardona, Silvana; Flor-García, Amparo; Cavero-Redondo, Iván ·
Acute stress increased VIP 200% in CeA and 350% in MeA, with VPAC1/2 upregulation across limbic regions. Chronic stress upregulated VPAC1 in PVN (120%) and VPAC2 in CeA (280%) with slight VIP downregulation, revealing stress-duration-dependent plasticity.
Ferro, Federico; Fontebasso, Veronica; Basille-Dugay, Magali; Vaudry, David; Ebner, Karl ·
At 12 months: rTMS -8.2 ± 1.0 kg, semaglutide 0.5 mg -5.7 ± 0.9 kg (not significantly different), SGLT2i -2.0 ± 0.7 kg (significantly less than both, p<0.01). rTMS and semaglutide showed progressive weight loss; SGLT2i showed regain after 6 months.
Ferrulli, Anna; Senesi, Pamela; Sonaglioni, Andrea; Cannavaro, Daniele; Massarini, Stefano; Macrì, Concetta; Cipponeri, Elisa; DeFronzo, Ralph A; Luzi, Livio ·
Fully synthesized pBD-5 showed dose-dependent antimicrobial activity with significant growth reductions at 25 μM (OD) and 100 μM (CFU: 2-log reduction for S. epidermidis, 1-log for E. coli), with hemolysis only at 240 μM.
Finatto, Arthur Nery; Nguyen, Vy; Nguyen, Phuong Trang; Bourgault, Steve; de Oliveira Costa, Matheus ·
Atosiban did not increase migraine-like attacks vs placebo in women with migraine (30% vs 20%, p=0.75), healthy controls (0% vs 0%), or men with migraine (10% vs 15%, p>0.999). Vascular changes occurred in controls but not migraine patients.
Fitzek, Mira Pauline; Kleist, Paula; Handtmann, Cleo; Overeem, Lucas Hendrik; Hoehne, Carolin Luisa; Lange, Kristin Sophie; Angerhöfer, Cornelius; Salim, Yones; Ebert, Andreas D; Mattern, Nicole; Reuter, Uwe; Raffaelli, Bianca ·
ECM-FEK9 peptide hydrogel adopted β-sheet nanofiber structure, maintained cell viability, and supported differentiation of hDPSCs into IPCs expressing PDX-1, Glut-2, and producing insulin within 10 days of 3D culture.
Flores-Ibarra, Brandhon F; Enríquez-Rodríguez, Andrea I; Robles-Pablos, Kimberly P; Rodas-Junco, Beatriz A; Argüelles-Monal, Waldo M; Silva-Gutiérrez, Luisa L; Pérez-González, Refugio; Patrón-Soberano, Olga A; Rochín-Wong, Carmen S; Castillo-Díaz, Luis A ·
Extracellular calcium triggers GLP-1 exocytosis from L-cells through CaSR and voltage-gated calcium channels, positioning calcium as an essential signaling ion in the gut-glucose endocrine axis.
Foamkom, Astrid-Ines; Abdelhady, Hosam G; Razzaque, Mohammed S ·
GLP-1 RAs as add-on therapy reduced BMI by -1.38 kg/m² (95% CI -2.39 to -0.38; low certainty) in PCOS women. No significant differences for LDL, triglycerides. Insufficient evidence for glucose, insulin, hirsutism, menstrual regularity.
Forslund, Maria; Wändell, Per; Forsberg, Lisa; Österberg, Marie; Dagerhamn, Jessica; Wernersson, Emma; Kärrman Fredriksson, Maja; Ringborg, Anna; Lindén Hirschberg, Angelica ·
GLP-1 RAs are not recommended in pregnancy, but large human observational studies have not demonstrated significant independent risk of major congenital malformations after controlling for confounding maternal comorbidities.
Fotheringham, Penelope; McGee, Richard G; Chang, Ruby; Kennedy, Debra; Simmons, David ·
Lixisenatide did not significantly change Ao-PWV (9.65 vs 9.96 m/s, p=0.38), albuminuria, or Klotho levels compared to placebo after 24 weeks, despite HbA1c improvement, in T2D patients with CKD.
Fountoulakis, Nikolaos; Pavlou, Panagiotis; Stathi, Dimitra; Goubar, Aicha; Corcillo, Antonella; Flaquer, Maria; Ayis, Salma; Gnudi, Luigi; Karalliedde, Janaka ·
T1D involves dysfunctional GIP, GLP-1, and glucagon signaling that contributes to dysglycemia and cardiovascular risk, with semaglutide and tirzepatide emerging as potential therapeutic options targeting these specific metabolic deficits.
Frampton, Ruth; Hocking, Samantha; Snaith, Jennifer R; Greenfield, Jerry R ·
No significant treatment differences between rimegepant and placebo for primary (facial pain NRS, -0.1 [95% CI -0.7 to 0.5]) or secondary outcomes (nasal congestion, discharge, TNSS, headache relief, rescue medication use).
Franjic, Daniel; Fountaine, Robert J; Nalpas, Catherine; Goswami, Budhaditya; Fullerton, Terence ·
Most AMPs fail clinically due to pharmacokinetic limitations, dosing constraints, and indication selection rather than lack of antimicrobial activity, with AI-guided design improving discovery but not yet solving the in vitro-to-in vivo efficacy gap.
Fu, Qifu; Yan, Bohu; Xu, Jialin; Ding, Yuqi; Chen, Xiaojun; Wang, Yanan; Sun, Zhiliang; Li, Jiyun ·
GLP-1 RAs improve erectile function, testosterone, and sperm parameters in men. Tirzepatide case reports suggest potential sexual side effects. Setmelanotide demonstrates melanocortin pathway involvement in sexual function. Sexual outcomes are underrepresented as trial endpoints.
Fuentes-Mendoza, Jenyfer M; Concepción-Zavaleta, Marcio J; Mendoza-Godoy, Jeny J; Concepción-Urteaga, Luis; Paz-Ibarra, José; Coronado-Arroyo, Julia C ·
The prediction algorithm accurately forecast individual weight loss in real-world semaglutide users with bias of 0.7-1.4 kg at 6 months and -0.6 to 0.6 kg at 1 year, with AUC 0.74-0.95 for categorical weight loss prediction.
Færch, Kristine; Gomes, Mikel M; Bramming, Maja; Sørensen, Mads R; Strathe, Anders ·
CagriSema vs comparators: additional -11 kg weight, -9.41 cm waist, -7.06 mmHg systolic BP. Cohen's d for weight: -1.38. GI adverse events 32% more frequent (RR 1.32). 4 RCTs, n=4,419.
Gadelmawla, Ahmed Farid; Hammad, Noha; Atta, Karim; Diaa, Ahmed; Abouzkaly, Fatma; Soni, Kriti; Kelkar, Raveena; Agrawal, Siddharth P; Ahmed, Raheel; Jain, Hritvik; Passey, Siddhant; Aronow, Wilbert S ·
Three EPs from MMP-19 showed broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity (including MDR strains), antibiofilm, antiviral, LPS-neutralizing, and synergistic properties, with no resistance development and in vivo efficacy in a murine skin infection model.
Gaglione, Rosa; Schibeci, Martina; Piccolo, Erika; Culurciello, Rosanna; Zannella, Carla; Mensitieri, Francesca; Dal Piaz, Fabrizio; Cafaro, Valeria; De Filippis, Anna; Pizzo, Elio; Notomista, Eugenio; Torres, Marcelo D T; de la Fuente-Nunez, Cesar; Arciello, Angela ·
SGLT2i, GLP-1 RAs, and emerging dual/triple agonists offer complementary mechanisms for diabesity management, with clinical evidence supporting progressive pharmacological intensification.
Galasso, Martina; Caporusso, Mariangela; Volatile, Alessandra; Verde, Ludovica; Esposito, Katherine; Giorgino, Francesco; Perrini, Sebastio; Colao, Annamaria; Barrea, Luigi; Muscogiuri, Giovanna ·
Proteomic analysis of fisheries bycatch identified novel antimicrobial peptides with broad-spectrum activity including against drug-resistant bacterial strains.
Galendi, Vicky Balesteros S Blumen; Coelho, Guilherme Rabelo; Murback, Letícia; Valenti, Wagner C; Camargo, Tavani Rocha; Franzolin, Marcia Regina; Pimenta, Daniel Carvalho; Ferreira, Rui Seabra ·
SUC/STE beverage produced glucose-lowering (-12.5 mg/dL at 60 min, p<0.05) and sustained PP increase (+73.4 pg/mL at 120 min, p<0.05). AAK showed no significant hormonal effects vs control.
Galicia-Ayala, César; Klünder-Klünder, Miguel; Vilchis-Ordoñez, Armando; López-Martínez, Briceida; Miranda-Lora, América L ·
Tirzepatide's dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonism provides comprehensive metabolic benefits across glycemic control, weight loss, cardiorenal protection, and lipid metabolism, with expanding indications to HFpEF and MASH.
Galindo, Rodolfo J; Cheng, Alice Y Y; Longuet, Christine; Ai, Minrong; Coskun, Tamer; Malik, Raleigh; Peleshok, Jennifer; Levine, Joshua A; Dunn, Julia P ·