Browse more peptide research, methods and limitations.
GLP-1 RA use associated with chronic cough: aHR 1.12 vs all non-GLP-1 drugs; 1.18 vs DPP-4i; 1.32 vs sulfonylureas. After excluding GERD: aHR 1.29 vs all; 1.36 vs DPP-4i; 1.14 vs SGLT2i; 1.25 vs sulfonylureas.
Gallagher, Tyler J; Razura, Diego E; Li, Albert; Kim, Ian; Vukkadala, Neelaysh; Barbu, Anca M ·
A 68Ga/211At-labeled NPY1R-targeting peptide demonstrated specific glioma uptake for PET imaging and therapeutic alpha-particle delivery, establishing a theranostic platform for brain tumors.
Gan, Rong; Xu, Duling; Liu, Weihao; Liu, Jiadi; Yang, Yuanyou; Liu, Ning; Zhang, Qiyue; Wang, Zhimin; Li, Hongyan ·
Beneficial gut microbes (Akkermansia, Bacteroides, SCFA producers) enhance GLP-1 RA efficacy, while dysbiosis with LPS-producing bacteria correlates with poor response. GLP-1 RAs also beneficially modulate gut microbiota composition.
Ganamurali, Nila; Sabarathinam, Sarvesh ·
Retatrutide (triple GLP-1R/GIPR/GcgR agonist) represents a paradigm shift by combining appetite suppression, insulin sensitization, and energy expenditure enhancement in a single molecule for obesity treatment.
Ganamurali, Nila; Sabarathinam, Sarvesh ·
Semaglutide reduced fasting glucose (-0.87 mmol/L, p<0.001), improved insulin sensitivity (p=0.001), reduced insulin resistance (p=0.006), and achieved 9.2 kg weight loss. Weight loss mediated insulin sensitivity (p=0.01) and resistance (p=0.01) improvements.
Ganeshalingam, Ashok A; Uhrenholt, Nicolai; Arnfred, Sidse; Gæde, Peter; Pedersen, Andreas K; Bilenberg, Niels; Frystyk, Jan ·
CAN prevalence: 84% (50% definite) in schizophrenia patients on antipsychotics. CAN correlated with BMI (p<0.05 from BMI 30+) and clozapine. Semaglutide reduced BMI but did not change CAN status over 30 weeks (p=0.516).
Ganeshalingam, Ashok Ainkaran; Uhrenholt, Nicolai Gundtoft; Arnfred, Sidse; Gæde, Peter; Pedersen, Andreas Kristian; Bilenberg, Niels; Frystyk, Jan ·
Rh1 upregulated CYP27A1/CYP7B1, reshaped gut microbiota BSH/bai genes, increased ileal T-β-MCA (FXR suppression) and LCA (TGR5 activation), promoting L-cell differentiation and GLP-1 secretion via CREB/cAMP/GCG/PCSK1 pathway.
Gao, Ge; Wang, Enyu; Yang, Ge; Gao, Yansong; Zhao, Zijian; Zhao, Yujuan; Kang, You; Zhao, Lei; Li, Shengyu ·
YC18 showed MIC 6.25 μg/mL against S. aureus, no resistance after 35 passages, selective PG membrane targeting, dual-disulfide stability (Cys2-Cys15, Cys6-Cys11), high plasma stability, low cytotoxicity, and in vivo efficacy.
Gao, Jinai; Wang, Yi; Wang, Wanting; Yang, Min; Cao, Kaixun; Pan, Qi; Guo, Ruiyin; Lu, Qiumin; Zhang, Chengchen; Li, Juan; Lai, Ren ·
Semaglutide + Akk11 synergistically improved MASLD through reduced fat mass, better liver histology, decreased triglycerides, suppressed fatty acid synthesis, enhanced mitochondrial function, gut microbiota remodeling, and reduced intestinal/hepatic inflammation.
Gao, Kaige; Yin, Zaifei; Zhang, Chi; Dong, Zixuan; Wang, Runqi; Chen, Qian; Liu, Xiangpeng; Jiang, Caifeng; Wang, Yalin; Guo, Bin; Zhou, Zhengyu; Jia, Zhihao; Sun, Hong; Feng, Yu ·
BNP reduced right ventricular pressure and improved survival in PE rats, and improved clinical outcomes in intermediate-high-risk PE patients, through NPRC-mediated NADPH oxidase 2 reduction and decreased myosin light chain phosphorylation in PA smooth muscle.
Gao, Yizhuo; Liu, Shiqi; Gu, Zhichun; Wei, Xuejiao; Han, Xue; Wei, Shibo; Yang, Jing; Liu, Yuchen; Jia, Dong ·
Systemically delivered IKVAV-PA crossed the BBB, localized to the ischemic hemisphere (confirmed by intravital imaging), and significantly reduced infarct volume vs saline at 7 days post-stroke with good organ biocompatibility.
Gao, Zijun; Andrade da Silva, Luisa Helena; Li, Zhiwei; Chen, Feng; Smith, Cara; Lipfert, Zoie; Martynowicz, Ryan; Arias, Erika; Muller, William A; Sullivan, David P; Stupp, Samuel I; Batra, Ayush ·
RI8: MIC 2-16 μg/mL broad-spectrum, therapeutic index 39.4, <1% hemolysis. RW8: protease-resistant, 71.4% biofilm inhibition. Both: dual membrane/DNA mechanism, 2-5 log wound reduction, outperformed levofloxacin in pneumonia (3-5 vs 2 logs).
Gao, Ziwei; Zhang, Meng-Yue; Cheng, Yan-Liang; Shi, Yi-Fan; Shan, Xiao-Le; Zhang, Zi-Xuan; Han, Yu-Ling; Li, Shuang ·
≥50% responder rate: anti-CGRP mAbs 43% vs BTX-A 18% (p=0.003). ≥30% responder rate: 54% vs 36% (p=0.06). Significantly greater MHD reduction with anti-CGRP mAbs at 3 months (p=0.015) and 6 months (p=0.022).
Gardon, L; Guy, D; Pereira, B; Sickout-Arondo, S; Mongaret, C; Delage, N; Picard, P; Condé, S; Moisset, X ·
Novel platforms for peptide cancer vaccines using advanced materials, adjuvants, targeting, and controlled release are overcoming barriers of immune tolerance, poor delivery, and immunosuppressive microenvironment.
Garland, Shea; Lux, Jacques ·
The enterolimbic axis integrates gut-derived GLP-1, GIP, and SCFAs with hypothalamic and mesolimbic reward pathways, supporting the repositioning of incretin therapies for metabolic, eating, and affective disorders.
Gasbarrini, Antonio; Galli, Francesca Sofia; Ianiro, Gianluca; Ponziani, Francesca; Rinninella, Emanuele ·
KQ peptide in PLGA-chitosan NPs: 60.99% biofilm reduction, >92% cell viability in A549 cells, <1% hemolysis, 150-350 nm size, sustained release 72h, aerodynamic diameter ≤5 μm for deep lung delivery.
Gaur, Manish; Maurya, Sarita; Tripathi, Ritu; Pasupuleti, Mukesh; Akhtar, Md Sohail; Swaroop, Shiv; Yadav, Awadh Bihari ·
CGRP induces TSP1 and A2M expression (both in vitro and in vivo). CGRP receptor antagonism (BIBN4096) suppresses TSP1/A2M and worsens corneal lesions. Thbs1-/- mice show exacerbated corneal inflammation and fibrosis. Pathway conserved in human corneal injury.
Ge, Hongqi; Zhang, Yangyang; Guo, Qian; Li, Ya; Yang, Lingling; Zang, Xinyi; Xie, Jin; Wang, Yao; Li, Yizhou; Qi, Xia; Wang, Yalin; Zhou, Qingjun; Wang, Xiaolei ·
GLP-1 agonism may decrease sexual desire via 5-HT2C serotonergic activation (analogous to SSRIs), but competing positive factors (testosterone increase, improved vasculature, mood) likely offset this effect in many patients.
Gelfand, Sonya T; Tveit, Meghan C; Simon, James A ·
Real-world evidence consistently links GLP-1 RA use to reduced COPD/asthma exacerbations, most pronounced in obese frequent exacerbators. Emerging disease-focused RCTs confirm respiratory benefits. Mechanisms include metabolic improvement and direct GLP-1R-mediated airway/immune modulation.
Georgakopoulou, Vasiliki Epameinondas; Dalamaga, Maria ·
Metformin ranked highest for AD protection via AMPK/insulin/adipocytokine pathways. Semaglutide ranked among the least effective, showing minimal engagement with DM2-AD comorbidity network pathways. Insulin/GLP-1 combinations showed effects comparable to metformin.
Georgiou, Andrea; Zanos, Panos; Onisiforou, Anna ·
Two patients with eptinezumab hypersensitivity reactions had negative skin tests (non-IgE mechanism) and successfully completed a 10-step hospital-based desensitization protocol, enabling safe drug readministration.
Gerard, Benoit; Praudel, Hubert; Lanteri-Minet, Michel; Van Obberghen, Elise; Rocher-Moreau, Fanny; Rousset, Johanna; Jacquier, Ulysse; Leroy, Sylvie; Delin, Margot ·
D470N (32% frequency) increases GLP-2R cAMP via reduced β-arrestin/internalization and is associated with increased obesity, T2D, BMI, body fat, HbA1c, and blood pressure in ~500K UK Biobank participants. LoF variants associated with decreased obesity/fat.
Gerlach, Peter A; Gadgaard, Sarina; Madsen, Jakob S; Lindquist, Peter; Lorente, Javier Sanchez; Faas, Felix; Gabe, Maria B N; Rosenkilde, Mette M; Hauser, Alexander S ·
Melanocortin (α-MSH/AgRP), glutamatergic, and NPY systems form an interconnected appetite control network with extensive cross-talk, supporting multi-target therapeutic approaches for obesity.
Gharaie, Maryam Lotfi; Zendehdel, Morteza; Zarei, Hamed; Mahdavi, Kimia ·
Arthropod venom peptides exhibit multi-mechanism anticancer activity (membrane disruption, apoptosis, anti-angiogenesis, immune modulation), with nanodelivery systems overcoming stability, toxicity, and targeting limitations.
Ghodeif, Sara K; El-Fahla, Nadia A; Abdel-Rahman, Mohamed A; El-Shenawy, Nahla S ·
A peptide targeting MRP1's flexible interdomain linker inhibited drug efflux and reversed multidrug resistance by a novel mechanism distinct from substrate-based approaches.
Ghosh, Avijit; Sharma, Mansi; Zhao, Yan ·
Structural and dynamic mapping of the Sap AMP transporter revealed peptide import mechanisms, informing strategies to exploit bacterial AMP uptake pathways.
Ghosh, Kalyan; Baid, Harsh Vardhan; Dasgupta, Pratik; Kanaujia, Shankar Prasad ·
AMP-CapsNet combines multi-view feature fusion with capsule neural networks for AMP prediction, achieving improved accuracy over existing computational methods through integrated sequence and physicochemical analysis.
Ghulam, Ali; Rehman, Mujeebu; Fida, Huma; Zhao, Pei-Yu; Noroze, Ramsha; Qi, Ye-Chen; Yu, Xiao-Long ·
AI/ML models can predict migraine treatment response with varying accuracy, potentially enabling precision prescribing for anti-CGRP therapies and other migraine drugs, though validation and standardization are needed.
Giacon, Martina; Terrazzino, Salvatore ·
Ternary insulin-sucrose-polymer lyophilized systems maintained amorphous glass stability and protected insulin bioactivity through manufacturing compression, temperature stress, storage humidity, and simulated GI conditions.
Giannachi, Claudia; Allen, Evin; Vucen, Sonja; Crean, Abina ·
MC4R deficiency caused multigenerational severe obesity diagnosed only after decades of failed treatments, highlighting the need for early genetic testing and availability of targeted melanocortin therapies.
Giannopoulou, Eleni Z; Zorn, Stefanie; Schirmer, Melanie; Brandt-Heunemann, Stephanie; Schnurbein, Julia von; Nestoris, Claudia; Moawia, Abubakar; Siebert, Reiner; Denzer, Christian; Wabitsch, Martin ·
GLP-1 RAs enable safe insulin dose reduction or complete deinsulinization in advanced T2D, with maintained glycemic control, reduced hypoglycemia, and weight loss.
Giorda, Carlo B; Anelli, Valentina; Goglia, Umberto; Riu, Stefano De; Russo, Giuseppina; Gallo, Marco; Cosmo, Salvatore De; Corigliano, Gerardo; Modestino, Michele Roberto ·
GLP-1 RAs were associated with coronary plaque regression after ACS in diabetic patients, through anti-inflammatory, endothelial, and metabolic mechanisms complementary to statin-mediated lipid lowering.
Gitto, Mauro; Catapano, Federica; Francone, Marco; Mincione, Gianluca; Scialò, Vincenzo; Pivato, Carlo A; Lisi, Costanza; Regazzoli, Damiano; Cao, Davide; Fiorina, Roberta Maria; Petrelli, Alessandra; Bucciarelli, Loredana; Loretelli, Cristian; Condorelli, Gianluigi; Fiorina, Paolo; Stefanini, Giulio ·
GLP-1 RAs associated with improved functional walking distance, reduced MALE, and lower amputation rates in T2D patients with PAD.
Giugliano, Dario; Longo, Miriam; Di Martino, Nicole; Scappaticcio, Lorenzo; Caruso, Paola; Bellastella, Giuseppe; Maiorino, Maria Ida; Esposito, Katherine ·
Non-neuronal targets in migraine include meningeal immune cells, vascular smooth muscle, and endothelial cells, all modulated by CGRP and other neuropeptides, offering additional therapeutic opportunities beyond neuronal targeting.
Gliga, Otilia; Feliu-Soler, Albert; Vila-Pueyo, Marta ·
AP1-functionalized ELP nanoparticles selectively delivered paclitaxel to ovarian cancer via IL-4R targeting with improved tumor accumulation and reduced off-target toxicity.
Goel, Ridhima; Alvi, Shakeel; Ali, Rashid; Sharma, Pradeep; Bhattacharyya, Jayanta; Sarangthem, Vijaya; Singh, Thoudam Debraj ·
Liraglutide modulated gut microbiota composition in septic mice, altering associated metabolic pathways and reducing sepsis-induced organ dysfunction and inflammation.
Gong, Bing; Shi, Zhuang'e; Qi, Jialong; Wang, Fuping; Chen, Guobing; Su, Heng ·
GLP-1 RAs show potential retinal benefits (DR, AMD) through anti-inflammatory/neuroprotective mechanisms, but effects on glaucoma (IOP) and NAION risk require monitoring, creating a nuanced ocular safety-benefit profile.
Gong, Xiaoming; Örge, Faruk H ·
AP10RW, an optimized decapeptide from zebrafish AP2M1A, demonstrated robust antimicrobial activity with enhanced stability through targeted amino acid modifications.
Gong, Yi; Li, Jun; Zhang, Yameng; Zhang, Xiaozheng; Xie, Jun ·
GLP-1 RAs reduced BMI and total daily insulin dose in youth with T1D and obesity while maintaining glycemic control.
Gonzalez, Frances; Reid, Mark W; Garcia, Jaquelin Flores; Raymond, Jennifer K; Chao, Lily C ·
PSCH maintained ACE inhibitory activity after simulated GI digestion, with specific peptide fractions showing both ACEi and antiobesogenic effects, demonstrating bioactive peptide survival through digestion.
González-Noriega, Julio A; Valenzuela-Melendres, Martín; Hernández-Mendoza, Adrián; Astiazarán-García, Humberto; Islava-Lagarda, Thalia; Tortoledo-Ortiz, Orlando; de la Garza, Ana Laura; Gutierrez-Pacheco, Samaria L; Alvarez-Armenta, Andrés; Ríos-Castro, Emmanuel; Huerta-Ocampo, José A; Peña-Ramos, E Aída ·
An experimental medicine protocol for systematically evaluating acute hemodynamic effects of GLP-1/glucagon dual agonists, addressing cardiovascular safety concerns about glucagon receptor agonism.
Goodman, James; Parker, Victoria E; McEniery, Carmel M; Di Stefano, Giovanni; Hubsch, Annette; Vamvaka, Evangelia; Helmy, Jo; Kaloyirou, Fotini; Jalaludeen, Navazh; Barker, Peter; Jermutus, Lutz; Cheriyan, Joseph; Ambery, Philip; Wilkinson, Ian B ·
Computational analysis identified AMPs with strong binding to OXA-5 beta-lactamase, suggesting a dual-mechanism approach: direct bacterial killing plus resistance enzyme inhibition.
Gopikrishnan, Mohanraj; Doss C, George Priya ·
Peptide arrays provide high-throughput platforms for mapping tumor microenvironment interactions, biomarker discovery, and cancer drug candidate identification through systematic peptide-protein interaction analysis.
Grab, Anna; Reißfelder, Christoph; Nesterov-Mueller, Alexander ·
GLP-1 RA effects in menopausal/postmenopausal women may differ from other populations due to hormonal changes affecting body composition and metabolism, with limited direct evidence available.
Graczyk, Nicole A; Bisschops, Julia ·
Nutritional strategies (protein preloading, fiber supplementation, meal composition optimization) may enhance residual GLP-1 responses in T1D to preserve remaining beta-cell function and reduce insulin needs.
Grammatiki, Maria; Tsekmekidou, Xanthippi; Koufakis, Theocharis; Kotsa, Kalliopi ·
Dual CGRP pathway antagonism shows potential for chronic migraine through complementary mechanisms, with emerging evidence supporting combination anti-CGRP antibody + gepant approaches in partial responders.
Graves, Kara S; To, Jason; Paige, Hayley; Kennedy, Amanda G; Sprouse-Blum, Adam S; Devine, Derek; MacDougall, Julie ·
Synthetic AMP C14R demonstrated broad-spectrum pore-forming antibacterial activity against all pathogenic species of the ESKAPE group.
Gruber, Daniel; Vogel, Verena; Walter, Jan-Christoph; Bolotnikov, Grigory; Rodríguez, Armando; Preising, Nico; Ständker, Ludger; Firacative, Carolina; Spellerberg, Barbara; Kissmann, Ann-Kathrin; Rosenau, Frank ·
VIP is involved in myopia pathogenesis through ocular growth signaling pathways, with potential as a biomarker and therapeutic target for myopia control.
Grubsic, Camila; Céspedes, Ricardo; Tapia, Felipe; Schmachtenberg, Oliver ·
N- and O-glycosylation differentially affected AMP structural properties, stability, and biological activity, providing systematic design rules for glycoengineered antimicrobial peptide therapeutics.
Grzywacz, Daria; Nuti, Francesca; Żamojć, Krzysztof; Samsonov, Sergey A; Malinowska, Marcelina; Paduszyńska, Małgorzata; Papini, Anna Maria; Makowska, Joanna ·
Updated FAERS analysis identifies emerging adverse event signals for tirzepatide across GI, hepatobiliary, and other organ systems, characterizing its real-world safety profile.
Gu, Saisai ·