Browse more peptide research, methods and limitations.
LNP encapsulation of AMPs increases bioavailability, prolongs antimicrobial activity, improves skin penetration, and reduces systemic toxicity, with both solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers showing efficacy in vitro and in vivo.
de Alcântara Sica de Toledo, Lucas; Rosseto, Hélen Cássia; Buccini, Danieli Fernanda; Franco, Octávio Luiz ·
GLP-1RA-induced weight loss is predominantly fat mass. Lean body mass declines modestly in absolute terms, but muscle function and strength are preserved, with preclinical evidence suggesting improvements in muscle quality.
De Girolamo, Giuseppe; Sangineto, Moris; Di Gioia, Giuseppe; Bianco, Rossella; Ciarnelli, Martina; Serviddio, Gaetano ·
AUD reduced GLP-1, GIP, leptin, and ghrelin immunoreactivity in the frontal lobe, while pancreatic polypeptide was reduced in the cerebellar vermis, alongside increased neurodegeneration marker NfL in both regions.
de la Monte, Suzanne M; Tong, Ming; Carlson, Rolf I; Sutherland, Greg ·
At 26-52 weeks, tirzepatide achieved >10% TBWL comparable to most surgeries. Long-term, surgical procedures (RYGB, SG, SADI, BPD) remained superior. Semaglutide and tirzepatide showed no inferior short-term results vs MBS.
De Luca, Maurizio; Cohen, Ricardo V; Belluzzi, Amanda; Navarra, Giuseppe; Di Lorenzo, Nicola; Petry, Tarissa B Z; Sbraccia, Paolo; Busetto, Luca; Buscemi, Silvio; Barazzoni, Rocco; Ragghianti, Benedetta; Mannucci, Edoardo; Monami, Matteo ·
Across 12 studies (3 RCTs, 6 retrospective cohorts, 1 case-control, 2 case reports), GLP-1 RAs generally improved papilledema and headache burden in IIH, with no cognitive harm, but visual outcomes and intracranial pressure data were inconsistent.
de Oliveira, Helen Michaela; Gallo Ruelas, Mariano; Fonseca, Pandora Eloa Oliveira; Diaz, Camilo André Viana; de Paula, Guilherme Oliveira; da Costa, Pablo Ramon Fruett; Parker, Tariq; Kahle, Kristopher T ·
Incretin agonists reduce body weight by 10-20% and significantly lower major adverse cardiovascular events (cardiovascular death, nonfatal MI, stroke) in patients with and without diabetes, with benefits extending beyond glycemic control.
De Oliveira-Gomes, Diana; de Majo, Alfonso Martinez; Ardila-Delgado, Angie; Inglis, Sara S; Mandras, Stacy A; Loro-Ferrer, Juan F; daSilva-deAbreu, Adrian ·
Four MccB17-like BGCs from Pseudomonas produced modified peptides that caused growth retardation and cell elongation in E. coli, with transcriptomics revealing congener-specific stress responses despite structural similarity.
De Smedt, Sandrien; Wéry, Dries; Vande Capelle, Hanne; Gerstmans, Hans; Monsieurs, Pieter; Masschelein, Joleen; Ruelens, Philip; Fauvart, Maarten; Michiels, Jan ·
GLP-1 RAs combined with ESG produced more weight loss than ESG alone. In post-bariatric weight regain, GLP-1 RAs and tirzepatide showed clinically relevant short-term weight loss, while non-GLP-1 medications and probiotics showed modest or inconsistent effects.
de Waal, J R; Nieuwdorp, M; Gerdes, V E A ·
GLP-1RAs consistently increased total testosterone in men with metabolic dysfunction while preserving or increasing LH and FSH levels, in contrast to testosterone therapy which suppresses gonadotropins and fertility.
Deameh, Mohammad Ghassab; Ramez, Mohamed; Rowaiee, Rashed; Bani Irshid, Baha' Aldeen; Mohamed, Hamza; Abdelshafi, Abdelrahman; Al-Osoufi, Mohammad Ali; Mohamed, Tarek; Hegazin, Safa Botros; Raheem, Omer ·
Serum CGRP was significantly elevated in RA (91.1 vs 40.8 pg/mL, p<0.001), with seropositive patients showing higher levels (118.7 pg/mL). CGRP correlated with DAS-28, HAQ, and VAS scores and was an independent predictor of active disease.
Dede Akpınar, Merve; Ataoğlu, Safinaz; Cangür, Şengül ·
NPY was an independent predictor of VES (OR 1.204, p=0.001). NPY ≥47.9 ng/L predicted VES with 82% sensitivity and 81.4% specificity; ≥79.8 ng/L predicted high-frequency VES with 85.5% sensitivity and 87.3% specificity.
Dedeoglu, Necip Fazıl; Tascanov, Mustafa Begenc; Toprak, Kenan; Fedai, Halil; Bicer, Asuman; Altiparmak, İbrahim Halil; Tanriverdi, Zulkif; Demirbag, Recep; Koyuncu, Ismail ·
Ten hub genes (guaA, guaB, lepA, der, secA, ftsH, obg, nusG, dnaA, ffh) were significantly upregulated in E. faecalis in response to teixobactin, revealing resistance mechanisms spanning metabolism, protein export, and stress response.
Deepika, J; Shetty, Aishwarya C; T, DhanushKumar; Vasudevan, Karthick ·
Standard metformin+insulin therapy fails to prevent complications in most youth T2D patients (cumulative incidence of at least one complication within 13 years). GLP-1RAs and SGLT-2is offer β-cell preservation and weight management benefits that could improve long-term outcomes if used early.
DeLacey, Sean E; Dieguez, Abigayil C; Bensignor, Megan O ·
The ECS modulates CGRP release and trigeminovascular signaling through TRPV1, D2 dopamine receptors, serotonergic, and ion channel pathways, offering multi-target therapeutic opportunities for CGRP-resistant migraine.
Della Pietra, Adriana; Russo, Andrew F ·
Processed Polygonatum polysaccharides outperformed raw forms in reducing blood sugar by modulating gut microbiota, increasing SCFA production, upregulating GPR41/43, and boosting endogenous GLP-1 and PYY secretion in diabetic mice.
Deng, Chuyao; Zheng, Jiaxin; Xu, Fei; Hong, Fengyi; Zhan, Minmin; Chen, Qi; Peng, Ye; Cao, Yong; Xiao, Jie; Liao, Yongcheng; Xiao, Hang; Song, Mingyue ·
CathEE-2a displayed strong antiviral activity in vitro and significantly reduced HSV-1 brain viral loads in a mouse infection model through upregulation of type I interferons and downstream antiviral genes.
Deng, Enjie; Pei, Yaping; Yuan, Kun; Yang, Juan; Cao, Suncheng-Ai; Yang, Xinyan; Li, Guilan; Liang, Libin; Jin, Lin; Zhu, Tengyu ·
Both semaglutide and tirzepatide provided comparable glucose lowering and insulin increases after 4 weeks, but neither reversed beta-cell dedifferentiation as measured by ALDH1A3 expression, FOXO1 translocation, or PDX1 levels.
Deng, Zhaobin; Zheng, Dongxu; Son, Jinsook; Du, Wen; McKimpson, Wendy M; Liu, Qingli; Accili, Domenico ·
All three gut hormone analogues (GLP-1, GIP, xenin-25) reduced amyloid burden and restored synaptophysin levels, with liraglutide and GIP analogue improving cognition, and xenin-25 uniquely increasing neurogenesis.
Denver, Paul; Duffy, Aisling; Kennedy, Rebecca T; Gault, Victor A; McClean, Paula L ·
Rosβ has a unique ring pattern among characterized lanthipeptides, with six thioether cross-links (lanthionine and methyllanthionine residues) formed by the RosM synthetase from nine dehydrated residues.
Desormeaux, Emily K; Zhu, Lingyang; Luo, Youran; Sareen, Dipti; van der Donk, Wilfred A ·
Core molecular engineering strategies—sequence modifications, formulation-based depot formation, and vascular binding—enable the diverse pharmacokinetic profiles needed across insulin, glucagon, amylin, and GLP-1 therapeutics for diabetes.
DeWolf, Emily L; Webber, Bernice; Webber, Matthew J ·
Two non-diabetic patients developed common peroneal neuropathy (foot drop) after losing 14% and 18% of body weight over 3-6 months on semaglutide and tirzepatide, respectively.
Dhupati, Pooja; Kisiel, Sara C; Unadkat, Krishna; Noland, Shelley S ·
PRRT + CAPTEM achieved 71% ORR and DCR in FDG-positive mNETs, compared to 10% ORR/50% DCR for PRRT alone and 14% ORR/43% DCR for PRRT + temozolomide, without increased toxicity.
di Santo, Gianpaolo; Santo, Giulia; Wirth, Lukas; Kronthaler, Ariane; Gastl, Günther; Djanani, Angela; Virgolini, Irene J ·
Tβ4 and Ac-SDKP demonstrate cytoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antifibrotic effects across acute and chronic kidney injury models, but with bidirectional effects on fibrosis that depend on context and model.
Di, Huajie; Huang, Jiaxin; Zhang, Dexin; Ni, Fei; Zheng, Rui; Geng, Hongquan ·
Kori-tofu protein and its resistant protein fraction promoted ileal GLP-1 production via CREB phosphorylation and raised circulating GLP-1 levels, while reducing adipocyte size, inflammation, and hepatic steatosis in HFD-fed mice.
Diao, Pan; Zhang, Xuguang; Ishiguro, Takahiro; Wang, Xiaojing; Tanabe, Kazuhiro; Hayashi, Chihiro; Kittaka, Hiroki; Imamura, Hitomi; Nakajima, Tomoyuki; Zhang, Zhe; Wang, Yaping; Nakajima, Takero; Kimura, Takefumi; Kawakubo, Masatomo; Nakayama, Jun; Nakamuta, Makoto; Tanaka, Naoki ·
CGRP is involved in both migraine and tinnitus through overlapping neural pathways (auditory and trigeminal), and anti-CGRP medications may offer therapeutic benefit for tinnitus through the same mechanisms that make them effective for migraine.
Dichter, Abigail; Bhatt, Khushi; Gutiérrez Pérez, Martha Lucía; Lee, Ella J; Tawk, Karen; Djalilian, Hamid R ·
Anti-CGRP antibodies reduce migraine days by 0.7-3.8/month and atogepant by 0.7-2.4/month, with efficacy maintained in patients refractory to traditional oral prophylactics.
Diener, Hans Christoph; Grans, Julia; Reuter, Uwe ·
Five bee AMPs (P15450, A0A2A3EK62, Q86BU7, C7AHW3, I3RJI9A) showed high antigenicity, non-allergenic profiles, and stable binding to TLR3 and TLR4-MD2 receptors through molecular dynamics simulations.
Dinata, Roy; Baindara, Piyush; Arati, Chettri; Gurusubramanian, Guruswami ·
NGR-peptide-modified exosomes loaded with resveratrol achieved 19.3% drug encapsulation efficiency, targeted tumor MDSCs, downregulated CXCR2/NF-κB signaling, and significantly reduced tumor volume while boosting CD8+ T cell activity in a liver cancer model.
Ding, Lijuan; Wang, Qiang; Wang, Xue; Fu, Weijia; Deng, Chen; Wang, Shudong ·
Oral AHSVRFY reduced SBP by 13.9 ± 2.7 mmHg in SHRs through its GI-released dipeptide FY (ACE IC50 = 45.11 μM), which was absorbed intact and improved vascular endothelial function via NO/ET-1 modulation.
Ding, Qian; Wang, Tianyu; Dang, Kuo; Wang, Yanli; Pan, Daodong; Xia, Qiang; Gao, Xinchang; Dang, Yali ·
GI adverse effects affect up to 80% of GLP-1 RA users in a dose-dependent manner, but the association with acute pancreatitis remains uncertain and may be overstated based on current pharmacovigilance and clinical trial evidence.
Domínguez Muñoz, Juan Enrique; Lariño Noia, José; Domínguez Novoa, Yessica; Iglesias-García, Julio ·
LL-37 and polymyxin B reduced endotoxin activity in oral biofilms by >90% and decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion by 40-75% while preserving anti-inflammatory cytokines, with LL-37 showing stronger IRF pathway inhibition.
Dong, Anbo; Lehto, Markku; Putaala, Jukka; Paju, Susanna; Pussinen, Pirkko; Zaric, Svetislav ·
GLP-1RAs improve MAFLD/MASH through glucose and lipid metabolism regulation, with dual (GLP-1/GIP, GLP-1/GCR) and triple incretin agonists showing additional benefits in phase II trials for weight, insulin resistance, and liver parameters.
Dong, Wenqi; Zhang, Haiming; Mu, Shaowei; Shi, Shuyi; Zhang, Junli; Xu, Keshu ·
BmK defensins and short-chain toxins selectively modulate Kv1.3, BK, TRPV1, and chloride channels with pharmacological advantages including efficient tissue penetration, target specificity, low immunogenicity, and engineering versatility for neurological drug development.
Dong, Yin; Wang, Jiajun; Zhu, Yudan; Zhao, Lu; Zeng, Yunqing; Tang, Lele; Xiao, Qian; Cheng, Jiwei; Wang, Chao; Tao, Jie ·
Incretin pathway modulators comprised 69.8% of 275 obesity drug trials (2019-2024), with 40.7% in Phase 2 and 31.3% in Phase 3. Early-stage innovation was limited at 3.3%, and drug repurposing accounted for 22.2%.
Dos Santos Barbosa, Lucas Antônio; Almarie, Bassel; Moreira, Eduardo Luiz Gasnhar ·
GLP-1RA users had significantly reduced all-cause mortality (HR 0.58, 95% CI 0.45-0.76, p<0.001) and metastasis-free survival (HR 0.60, 95% CI 0.40-0.87, p=0.01) compared to matched non-users.
Dosda, Arnaud; Fauchier, Grégoire; Sabbah, Nadia; Fauchier, Laurent; Lecomte, Thierry; Ducluzeau, Pierre Henri ·
Cr-CATH-1 demonstrated potent broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity with a triple mechanism of action (membrane disruption, DNA binding, ROS induction), low toxicity, and significant in vivo efficacy in a murine peritonitis model.
Dou, Haoran; Li, Shuangyu; Zhang, Pingchuan; Ye, Zifan; Li, Lili; Wang, Yipeng; Jiao, Xudong ·
AAV-mediated ectopic GLP-1R expression in hepatocytes combined with semaglutide or dual GLP-1R/GIPR agonist treatment enhanced energy expenditure and weight loss compared to peptide treatment alone in diet-induced obese mice.
Douros, Jonathan D; Capozzi, Megan; Novikoff, Aaron; Mokrosinski, Jacek; DuBois, Barent; Stock, Joseph; Rohlfs, Rebecca; Anderson, Mikayla; Jedrzejcyk, Dominika J; Poulsen, Svend; Blenke, Erik Oude; Dago, Tomas; Huus, Kasper; Nørby, Peder L; Kobberup, Sune; Rivir, Marita; Sorrell, Joyce; Mowery, Stephanie A; Drucker, Daniel J; D'Alessio, David A; Campbell, Jonathan E; Müller, Timo D; Perez-Tilve, Diego; Finan, Brian; Knerr, Patrick J ·
GLP-1 medicines are expanding from diabetes/obesity to cardiovascular, neurological, hepatic, and autoimmune conditions, with next-generation multi-epitope peptides offering enhanced efficacy through combined hormonal pathway targeting.
Drucker, Daniel J ·
Chronic oxaliplatin treatment did not increase CGRP expression or neuron proportion but caused 2-fold Ramp1 upregulation, suggesting CGRP signaling enhancement through receptor sensitization and increased calcium-dependent release rather than peptide upregulation.
Du, Junwei; Sudlow, Leland C; Satish, Kanishk; Villagomez, Abraham; Hu, Hongzhen; Berezin, Mikhail Y; Johnson, Maggie ·
Computationally redesigned penetratin derivative (589WP) significantly improved transdermal delivery and, when conjugated to floxuridine in a topical gel, outperformed higher doses of free drug in melanoma inhibition without skin toxicity.
Du, Sanjiang; Wang, Hanlin; Geng, Feiyang; Zhang, Zongxu; Liu, Chenghao; Lu, Weiyue; Wei, Gang ·
DF2-HSA reduced mortality in a cytokine storm mouse model while prolonging HBD-2 retention, decreasing multiple inflammatory cytokines, reducing vascular leakage, and alleviating lung and intestinal tissue damage.
Du, Yibo; Yu, Zhuojun; Sheng, Weijin; Li, Yi; Hou, Lei; Zheng, Yanbo; Liu, Xiujun; Zhen, Yongsu ·
OHP2 induced IL-27 secretion from astrocytes, which modulated microglial reprogramming from neurotoxic M1 to neuroprotective M2 phenotype via glycolysis/cGAS lactylation clock/mTOR pathway, alleviating neuroinflammation.
Du, Yixuan; Wu, Lingxi; Mao, Yang; Chen, Song; Gao, Xiangdong ·
The pH-responsive 3D-printed scaffold achieved tiered release of AMPs/GOx/SOD (early antibacterial/antioxidant) followed by Exo/EGF (later regeneration), significantly accelerating wound closure across three animal models.
Du, Yunxia; Xiao, Di; Ren, Changle; Li, Zhenlan; Wang, Xiaofeng; Zhao, Yantao; Jiang, Yongmei ·
Several AMPs are already clinically approved with defined pharmacology, and emerging peptide modifications, delivery technologies, and AI-based discovery tools are expanding the therapeutic pipeline.
Dubey, Ateendra Kumar; Mishra, Amit; Prajapati, Vijay Kumar ·
At 52 weeks, mean weight loss was 52.28 lbs (22.74%), with 99.36% achieving ≥5% TBWL, 97.12% ≥10%, 84.66% ≥15%, 64.22% ≥20%, and 41.21% ≥25%. At 72 weeks, mean loss was 62.79 lbs (26.54%).
Duncan, Jessica; Stevens, Patrick Lee; Bigby, Emily; Floyd, Courtney; Malina, Josh; Nickens, Jennifer; Lambert, Amber; Kantor, Taylor ·
HA-PGS NP@HRH achieved 42.54% drug release over 3 months, 55.19% inhibition of HUVEC viability, and suppression of neovascularization in an oxygen-induced retinopathy mouse model.
Durak, Saliha; Yetisgin, Abuzer Alp; Aciksari, Aysegul; Ceylan, Ramazan; Onder Tokuc, Ecem; Kutlu, Ozlem; Karabas, Veysel Levent; Cetinel, Sibel ·
In PAD patients: MALE OR 0.66 (p=0.05), revascularization OR 0.85 (p<0.001), mortality OR 0.55 (p=0.0008), MACE OR 0.68 (p=0.004). In T2D patients: MALE OR 0.70 (p=0.0005), amputations OR 0.58 (p<0.001).
Dutta, Deep; Mahajan, Kunal; Kamrul-Hasan, Abul Bashar Mohammad; Mahajan, Nitin; Sharma, Meha; Vohra, Shekhar ·
Several scaffold-based peptidomimetics achieved MICs ≤8 μg/mL (~3 μM) against pathogenic bacteria, with full activity retained against drug-resistant E. coli and a bactericidal mechanism confirmed at 2× MIC.
Dyhr, Emma; Cañete de Pinedo, Lucía; Frederiksen, Nicki; Bojer, Martin Saxtorph; Ingmer, Hanne; Sæbø, Ingvill Pedersen; Ræder, Synnøve Brandt; Bjørås, Magnar; Helgesen, Emily; Booth, James Alexander; Franzyk, Henrik ·
Cu(II) and Zn(II) binding to histatins primarily reshapes peptide topology rather than activating antimicrobial mechanisms. Environmental pH and hydroxyapatite anchoring are proposed as the main drivers of in situ efficacy.
Dzień, Emilia; Mikołajczyk-Tarnawa, Aleksandra; Matera-Witkiewicz, Agnieszka; Szewczyk, Krzysztof; Barceló-Oliver, Miquel; Pawlik-Sobecka, Lilla; Wątły, Joanna; Rowińska-Żyrek, Magdalena ·
Human TSLP exists as two functionally distinct isoforms: long-form TSLP acts as a pro-inflammatory cytokine in atopic and neoplastic diseases, while short-form TSLP functions as an anti-inflammatory antimicrobial peptide at barrier surfaces.
Döhner, Katinka; John, Ojonugwa Precious; Werfel, Thomas ·