Explore studies of kidney.
Beta-endorphin binds to kidney membranes through both opioid (high-affinity, low-capacity) and non-opioid (low-affinity, high-capacity) sites. The non-opioid binding involves the mid-portion of the peptide.
Sato, H; Takeda, K; Terasaki, T; Tsuji, A · In Vitro
NEP activity is increased in volume-overload heart failure, potentially accelerating the breakdown of protective natriuretic peptides even as the heart produces more of them.
Wegner, M; Hirth-Dietrich, C; Stasch, J P · Animal Study
BNP was the strongest predictor of left ventricular hypertrophy and cardiac mortality in 112 ESRD dialysis patients, outperforming ANP for cardiovascular risk stratification in this high-risk population.
Cataliotti, A; Malatino, L S; Jougasaki, M; Zoccali, C; Castellino, P; Giacone, G; Bellanuova, I; Tripepi, R; Seminara, G; Parlongo, S; Stancanelli, B; Bonanno, G; Fatuzzo, P; Rapisarda, F; Belluardo, P; Signorelli, S S; Heublein, D M; Lainchbury, J G; Leskinen, H K; Bailey, K R; Redfield, M M; Burnett, J C · Cross Sectional
Mature adrenomedullin and BNP provided complementary cardiac information in hemodialysis patients: BNP reflected LV dysfunction more specifically, while mAM reflected broader cardiovascular status including vascular and renal components.
Osajima, Akihiko; Okazaki, Masahiro; Tamura, Masahito; Anai, Hirofumi; Kabashima, Narutoshi; Suda, Takeshi; Iwamoto, Masako; Ota, Takayuki; Watanabe, Yuujiro; Kanegae, Kaori; Nakashima, Yasuhide · Cross Sectional
The hFABP/myoglobin ratio combined with BNP improved detection of cardiac damage and volume overload in dialysis patients, providing a multi-marker approach that overcomes renal clearance confounding of individual markers.
Furuhashi, Masato; Ura, Nobuyuki; Hasegawa, Koichi; Yoshida, Hideaki; Tsuchihashi, Kazufumi; Nakata, Tomoaki; Shimamoto, Kaxuaki · Cross Sectional
Adrenomedullin has clinical relevance as both a biomarker (predicting outcomes in sepsis, HF, ACS) and a potential therapeutic (improving hemodynamics, protecting kidneys, reducing inflammation) — a dual biomarker-therapy peptide.
Bunton, David C; Petrie, Mark C; Hillier, Chris; Johnston, Fiona; McMurray, John J V · Review
Plasma urotensin II inversely correlated with muscle sympathetic nerve activity and cardiac natriuretic peptides in ESRD patients, suggesting urotensin II serves a counter-regulatory role in the sympathetic-peptide axis in cardiorenal disease.
Mallamaci, Francesca; Cutrupi, Sebastiano; Pizzini, Patrizia; Tripepi, Giovanni; Zoccali, Carmine · Cross Sectional
Natriuretic peptides protect both heart and kidneys through integrated mechanisms: cardiac vasodilation and anti-remodeling combined with renal natriuresis, vasorelaxation, and GFR modulation — establishing the cardiorenal protective axis exploited by sacubitril/valsartan.
Silver, Marc A · Review
Cell-permeable antioxidant peptide (SS-31 family) reduced renal tubular apoptosis, oxidative damage, and fibrosis in unilateral ureteral obstruction rats — expanding mitochondria-targeted peptide therapy to kidney protection for obstructive and other renal diseases.
Mizuguchi, Yasunori; Chen, Jie; Seshan, Surya V; Poppas, Dix P; Szeto, Hazel H; Felsen, Diane · Animal Study
Pediatric CRF patients showed altered ghrelin, PYY3-36, and GLP-1 profiles that changed with dialysis and post-transplant, with appetite hormone disturbances correlating with growth impairment — explaining appetite-growth dysfunction in pediatric kidney disease.
Arbeiter, Anja K; Büscher, Rainer; Petersenn, Stephan; Hauffa, Berthold P; Mann, Klaus; Hoyer, Peter F · Clinical Trial
Combining cystatin C (a small peptide biomarker) with creatinine to estimate kidney filtration rate (GFR) is significantly more accurate than using either marker alone. The combined equation reduced errors by about a third — only 8.5% of estimates were off by more than 30%, compared to 12.8% for creatinine alone and 14.1% for cystatin C alone (both P<0.001). Critically, for patients in the diagnostic gray zone (estimated GFR 45–74), the combined equation correctly reclassified 16.9% of those who appeared to have chronic kidney disease back to normal kidney function — preventing unnecessary diagnoses and treatments.
Inker, Lesley A; Schmid, Christopher H; Tighiouart, Hocine; Eckfeldt, John H; Feldman, Harold I; Greene, Tom; Kusek, John W; Manzi, Jane; Van Lente, Frederick; Zhang, Yaping Lucy; Coresh, Josef; Levey, Andrew S · Observational
GLP-1 receptor agonists reduce macro-albuminuria in cardiovascular safety trials, with multiple proposed kidney-protective mechanisms including anti-inflammatory, hemodynamic, and metabolic effects.
Mosterd, Charlotte M; Bjornstad, Petter; van Raalte, Daniël H · Review
Active NBD peptide reduced albuminuria by >40%, decreased podocyte loss and basement membrane thickness, and modulated inflammatory markers in a type 2 diabetic nephropathy mouse model.
Opazo-Ríos, Lucas; Plaza, Anita; Sánchez Matus, Yenniffer; Bernal, Susana; Lopez-Sanz, Laura; Jimenez-Castilla, Luna; Carpio, Daniel; Droguett, Alejandra; Mezzano, Sergio; Egido, Jesús; Gomez-Guerrero, Carmen · Animal Study
Acid loading of kidney collecting duct cells induces cathelicidin and beta-defensin expression via HIF-1α, increasing resistance to uropathogenic E. coli infection.
Peng, Hu; Purkerson, Jeffrey M; Freeman, Robert S; Schwaderer, Andrew L; Schwartz, George J · In Vitro
GHS-R1a protein was decreased in brain areas and kidneys of hypertensive rats. Ghrelin reduced arterial pressure and increased renal artery conductance in SHR. GHS-R1a antagonism altered renal electrolyte handling in normal but not hypertensive rats, suggesting impaired receptor function in hypertension.
Sales da Silva, Elder; Ferreira, Patrícia Maria; Castro, Carlos Henrique; Pacheco, Lilian Fernanda; Graziani, Daniel; Pontes, Carolina Nobre Ribeiro; Bessa, Amanda de Sá Martins de; Fernandes, Erika; Naves, Lara Marques; Ribeiro, Larissa Cristina Dos Santos; Mendonça, Michelle Mendanha; Gomes, Rodrigo Mello; Pedrino, Gustavo Rodrigues; Ferreira, Reginaldo Nassar; Xavier, Carlos Henrique · Animal Study
ePCWP changes during HD correlated strongly with body weight changes (r=0.814, p<0.05) and with ANP changes (r=0.523), but not with BNP changes (p=0.47), making ePCWP the most sensitive real-time fluid status marker.
Sato, Hidemaro; Kawasaki, Masanori; Tanaka, Ryuhei; Yoshizane, Takashi; Ono, Koji; Tadokoro, Mitsunobu; Yano, Yoko; Kondou, Takehito; Kariya, Tatsuya; Nagata, Kijun; Gotoh, Koshi; Sawada, Shigeki; Noda, Toshiyuki; Watanabe, Sachiro · Observational
GLP-1 RAs and SGLT2i protect cardiovascular and renal systems through distinct but complementary mechanisms: GLP-1 RAs reduce atherosclerotic events while SGLT2i reduce heart failure and preserve kidney function.
Cherney, David Z I; Udell, Jacob A; Drucker, Daniel J · Review
Sotagliflozin ranked first for MACE (HR 0.76), heart failure hospitalization (HR 0.59), MI (HR 0.65), and stroke (HR 0.56). Empagliflozin and dapagliflozin led for kidney protection. Oral semaglutide and empagliflozin were best for all-cause death reduction.
Duan, Xue-Yan; Liu, Shu-Yan; Yin, Dao-Gen · Network Meta Analysis
Combined ADMSC + exenatide therapy showed superior renoprotective effects versus ADMSCs alone in diabetic rats, with significant improvement in kidney function and reduced inflammatory, fibrotic, and apoptotic markers.
Habib, Heba A; Heeba, Gehan H; Khalifa, Mohamed M A · Preclinical Animal Study
Retrospective data suggest GLP-1RAs are safe in PTDM with no major concerns, particularly suitable for obese transplant recipients. SGLT2is show moderate to low antihyperglycemic efficacy depending on kidney function. Collaborative trials across transplant disciplines are needed.
Hecking, Manfred; Sharif, Adnan; Eller, Kathrin; Jenssen, Trond · Review
Semaglutide reduced the composite outcome of heart failure events or cardiovascular death (HR 0.73, meaning a 27% reduction, p = 0.0005). When broken down, it reduced heart failure events alone by 27% (HR 0.73, p = 0.0068) and cardiovascular death alone by 29% (HR 0.71, p = 0.0036). About 19% of participants had heart failure at baseline. The benefit was consistent in both groups: those with pre-existing heart failure (HR 0.73, p = 0.034) and those without (HR 0.72, p = 0.003). Patients with more severe heart failure (NYHA class III) and reduced ejection fraction had higher overall event rates regardless of treatment.
Pratley, Richard E; Tuttle, Katherine R; Rossing, Peter; Rasmussen, Søren; Perkovic, Vlado; Nielsen, Olav Wendelboe; Mann, Johannes F E; MacIsaac, Richard J; Kosiborod, Mikhail N; Kamenov, Zdravko; Idorn, Thomas; Hansen, Marco Bo; Hadjadj, Samy; Bakris, George; Baeres, Florian M M; Mahaffey, Kenneth W · Randomized Controlled Trial
Albuminuria was more consistently reduced by semaglutide than eGFR. The benefit was strongest in patients with macroalbuminuria (heavy protein loss). This suggests semaglutide may help slow the progression of diabetic kidney disease by reducing the protein that damages kidney filters. However, the impact on eGFR was variable. Some studies showed improvement, others showed no change, and some showed decrease. This inconsistency could reflect differences in patient populations, disease severity, and follow-up duration. Two case reports described acute kidney injury (AKI) associated with semaglutide, including one case of acute interstitial nephritis. This highlights the need for kidney monitoring during therapy, particularly in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease.
Rehman, Shuja Ur; Kolanu, Nikhil Deep; Mushtaq, Muhammad Muaz; Ali, Husnain; Ahmed, Zeeshan; Mushtaq, Maham; Liaqat, Maryyam; Sarwer, Muhammad Asad; Bokhari, Syed Faqeer Hussain; Ahmed, Fazeel; Bakht, Danyal · Systematic Review
GLP-1 receptor agonists protect kidneys through anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-fibrotic mechanisms, with clinical data from the FLOW trial confirming semaglutide slows kidney disease progression.
Rico-Fontalvo, Jorge; Reina, Maricely; Soler, María José; Unigarro-Palacios, Mario; Castañeda-González, Juan Pablo; Quintero, Javier Jiménez; Raad-Sarabia, María; Moraes, Thyago Proença de; Daza-Arnedo, Rodrigo · Review
Preconception weight loss through either diet modification or liraglutide treatment improved maternal kidney outcomes in late gestation in a mouse model of obesity.
Rodrigo, Natassia; Chen, Hui; Pollock, Carol A; Glastras, Sarah J · Animal Study
GLP-1 receptor agonists protect kidneys in diabetic kidney disease through anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-fibrotic molecular pathways, complementing existing kidney therapies.
Rroji, Merita; Spasovski, Goce · Review
GLP-1RAs primarily reduce atherosclerotic CV events (especially stroke) and renal outcomes, while SGLT2is reduce heart failure hospitalization and kidney disease progression. Post-hoc subgroup analyses suggest a combined GLP-1RA/SGLT2i therapy provides greater cardiorenal protection than monotherapy. The FLOW trial established semaglutide's renal protection. The PRECIDENTD trial will prospectively compare combination vs monotherapy.
Scheen, André J · Review
Cotadutide dose-dependently reduced UACR at week 14: 300 μg (-43.9%, CI -54.7 to -30.6) and 600 μg (-49.9%, CI -59.3 to -38.4) vs placebo. Effects sustained at 26 weeks. Safety of cotadutide 600 μg comparable to semaglutide. Serious AEs balanced across arms. 46.8% on concomitant SGLT2i.
Selvarajah, Viknesh; Robertson, Darren; Hansen, Lars; Jermutus, Lutz; Smith, Kirsten; Coggi, Angela; Sánchez, José; Chang, Yi-Ting; Yu, Hongtao; Parkinson, Joanna; Khan, Anis; Chung, H Sophia; Hess, Sonja; Dumas, Richard; Duck, Tabbatha; Jolly, Simran; Elliott, Tom G; Baker, John; Lecube, Albert; Derwahl, Karl-Michael; Scott, Russell; Morales, Cristobal; Peters, Carl; Goldenberg, Ronald; Parker, Victoria E R; Heerspink, Hiddo J L · RCT
Exendin-4 suppressed ferroptosis in diabetic kidney tubular cells by activating AMPK-fatty acid metabolism signaling, reducing iron overload and lipid peroxidation through macropinocytosis-dependent cellular uptake.
Shen, Rui; Qin, Songyan; Lv, Yunhui; Liu, Dandan; Ke, Qingqing; Shi, Caifeng; Jiang, Lei; Yang, Junwei; Zhou, Yang · In Vitro
Tirzepatide improved heart failure outcomes equally in patients with and without CKD, but creatinine-based eGFR appeared to decline on tirzepatide while cystatin C-based eGFR improved—indicating the creatinine decline is an artifact of muscle loss from weight reduction, not true kidney deterioration.
Packer, Milton; Zile, Michael R; Kramer, Christopher M; Murakami, Masahiro; Ou, Yang; Borlaug, Barry A · Randomized Controlled Trial