Browse more peptide research, methods and limitations.
Four novel ACE-inhibitory peptides from RDSC hydrolysates showed IC50 values of 11.63, 12.34, 19.55, and 33.54 μmol/L. Molecular docking identified key residues (Glu123, Asp121, Arg522, Lys118) at both active and inactive ACE sites that enhance inhibitory activity.
Su, Hanxing; Fan, Wenlai; Xu, Yan; Tang, Shaopei; Yue, Dehong; Liao, Zuyue · In Vitro
NCR peptide delivered >4x more EGFP into cells than TAT peptide and accumulated in lysosomes. Domain Z-NCR vector non-covalently bound T-DM1 and significantly enhanced its cytotoxicity against HER2-positive tumor cells (MTT assay) while maintaining drug specificity for HER2-expressing cells.
Su, Ruo-Long; Cao, Xue-Wei; Zhao, Jian; Wang, Fu-Jun · In Vitro
Both TAT and 8R CPPs significantly enhanced P22 VLP cellular uptake in vitro and tissue accumulation in vivo. At 24 hours post-injection, TAT-conjugated VLPs showed superior lung distribution and retention, while 8R-conjugated VLPs showed better brain accumulation. TAT was overall superior for cellular uptake and tissue accumulation.
Su, Shibo; Shen, Xuegang; Shi, Xinqi; Li, Xin; Chen, Jin; Yang, Wei; Sun, Mingxia; Tang, Yan-Dong; Wang, Haiwei; Wang, Shujie; Cai, Xuehui; Lu, Yu; An, Tongqing; Yang, Yongbo; Meng, Fandan · Animal Study
W379 + anti-PBP2a co-loaded microneedle patches reduced bacteria from ~3.31×10⁷ to 1.28×10² CFU/mL in 2 hours in vitro. Ex vivo: ~7.18 log CFU reduction after one application within 48 hours. In vivo (diabetic mouse): bacterial colonies undetectable after two treatments within 48 hours. No evident cytotoxicity.
Su, Yajuan; Shahriar, Shatil S M; Andrabi, Syed Muntazir; Wang, Chenlong; Sharma, Navatha Shree; Xiao, Yizhu; Wong, Shannon L; Wang, Guangshun; Xie, Jingwei · In Vitro
Exenatide RCT: no significant reduction in heavy drinking days vs placebo overall (95% CI -7.4 to 19.4, p=0.37), but fMRI showed reduced brain reward center cue reactivity in obese subgroup. Dulaglutide secondary analysis: 29% more likely to reduce alcohol intake (relative effect 0.71, CI 0.52-0.97, p=0.04). Observational studies showed fewer alcohol-related healthcare events with GLP-1 RAs.
Subhani, Mohsan; Dhanda, Ashwin; King, James A; Warren, Fiona C; Creanor, Siobhan; Davies, Melanie J; Eldeghaidy, Sally; Bawden, Stephen; Gowland, Penny A; Bataller, Ramon; Greenwood, Justin; Kaar, Stephen; Bhala, Neeraj; Aithal, Guruprasad P · Review
Peptides are emerging as versatile tools for treating genetic disorders through multiple mechanisms beyond just acting as drugs. The review identifies three key roles for peptides in this space: 1. **Direct therapeutics**: A limited but growing number of peptide-based drugs treat genetic disorders, with several more in clinical trials. Most current therapies provide symptomatic relief rather than addressing the underlying genetic defect. 2. **Gene delivery carriers**: Peptides can serve as vehicles to deliver gene therapy payloads (corrective DNA or RNA) to target cells, overcoming delivery challenges that have limited gene therapy. 3. **Diagnostic tools**: Peptide-based biomarkers can detect specific mutations, and peptide vaccines are being explored as treatments for certain genetic conditions. The review maps the mechanistic underpinnings of various genetic disorders and identifies where peptide-based approaches could be most beneficial.
Subramanian, Shweta; Jain, Meenakshi; Misra, Rajkumar; Jain, Rahul · Review
Substance P had no independent effect on corneal fibroblast collagen synthesis or MMP-1 expression. However, it significantly enhanced TGF-β-induced collagen type I synthesis. This effect was mediated by p38 MAPK activation and was blocked by neurokinin-1 receptor inhibition. SP did not affect IL-1β-stimulated MMP-1 expression.
Sugioka, Koji; Nishida, Teruo; Murakami, Junko; Itahashi, Motoki; Yunoki, Mai; Kusaka, Shunji · In Vitro
Bacteriocins are a diverse class of antimicrobial peptides produced by bacteria that show strong potential as alternatives to conventional antibiotics. Despite nearly a century of research, no bacteriocin has been approved for therapeutic use in humans — they remain limited to food preservation applications like nisin. The review catalogs the broad structural diversity of bacteriocins, from simple linear peptides to extensively post-translationally modified structures. Their mechanisms of action include membrane disruption, pore formation, and inhibition of cell wall synthesis. Crucially, many bacteriocins have narrow-spectrum activity, meaning they can target specific pathogens while leaving beneficial gut bacteria intact — a major advantage over broad-spectrum antibiotics. Modern tools including metagenomic mining and bioengineering are accelerating the discovery and optimization of novel bacteriocins, but translation from lab to clinic has been stalled by challenges in formulation, stability, and regulatory pathways.
Sugrue, Ivan; Ross, R Paul; Hill, Colin · Review
74% completed all 4 PRRT cycles; 18% objective response rate. Small bowel NETs: median TTF 37.3 months vs pancreatic NETs 13.2 months (p=0.001). Independent predictors of TTF: Ki-67, primary site, liver tumor burden ≥50%. ~40% had grade ≥3 AEs. 10% discontinued for treatment-related AEs. 2 delayed nephrotic syndrome cases. 6 patients had rapid liver failure progression.
Sukrithan, Vineeth; Armbruster, Heather; Rogers, Sherise; Vogt, Sherry Mori; Grenade, Cassandra; Verschraegen, Claire; Zhou, Ye; Goyal, Ashima; Natwa, Mona; Hussein, Akram; Barr, Hallie; Konate, Dramane; Batdorf, Rochelle; Brown, Andrew; Williams, Bonnie; Zhao, Songzhu; Wei, Lai; Xu, Menglin; Shah, Manisha H; Konda, Bhavana · Cohort
53 migraine patients switched between CGRP mAb classes (CGRP/R to CGRP/L or CGRP/L to CGRP/R). Both switch cohorts showed some clinical improvements. Safety was maintained — adverse events from the first antibody did not recur or worsen after switching classes. Fremanezumab was not included due to UAE unavailability.
Suliman, Reem; Santos, Vanessa; Al Qaisi, Ibrahim; Aldaher, Batool; Al Fardan, Ahmed; Al Barrawy, Hajir; Bader, Yazan; Supena, Jonna Lyn; Alejandro, Kathrina; Alsaadi, Taoufik · Cohort
GLP-1RAs ameliorated DSS-induced colitis in both wild-type and T/B-cell-deficient mice via ILC3-dependent IL-22 production. Effect abolished in ILC3-deficient mice. GLP-1RAs increased Firmicutes/Proteobacteria (especially L. reuteri) and decreased pathogenic Staphylococcus. The metabolite DMS was enriched and independently ameliorated colitis while promoting IL-22+ILC3s.
Sun, Hanxiao; Shu, Jie; Tang, Jupei; Li, Yue; Qiu, Jinxin; Ding, Zhaoyun; Xuan, Binbin; Chen, Minghui; Gan, Chenxin; Lin, Jinpiao; Qiu, Ju; Sheng, Huiming; Wang, Chuanxin · Animal Study
Exendin-4 significantly increased spontaneous firing rate of hippocampal CA1 neurons. The GLP-1 receptor antagonist exendin(9-39) decreased baseline firing, indicating endogenous GLP-1 modulation. The excitatory effect was mediated through TRPC4/TRPC5 ion channels — the first demonstration of this mechanism for GLP-1 in the hippocampus.
Sun, Hui-Zhe; Shen, Fang-Shuai; Li, Xiao-Xue; Liu, Cui; Xue, Yan; Han, Xiao-Hua; Chen, Xin-Yi; Chen, Lei · In Vitro
SAL0112 demonstrated potent selective Gαs pathway GLP-1R activation without desensitization. Superior stability vs danuglipron in human/rat liver microsomes. Higher oral absorption in rats. Lower DDI potential on liver transporters vs danuglipron. Significant reductions in body weight, blood glucose (p<0.05), HbA1c (p<0.05), and insulin resistance (p<0.01) in diabetic mice. Resolved hepatic steatosis. Efficacy comparable to danuglipron and liraglutide.
Sun, Jingchao; Xiao, Ying; Xing, Wei; Jiang, Wenjuan; Hu, Xuefeng; Li, Hongchao; Liu, Zhaojun; Jin, Qian; Ren, Peng; Zhang, Hongmei; Lobie, Peter E · In Vitro
bGLP-10 showed superior albumin affinity and receptor potency. At 10 nmol/kg, bGLP-10 significantly outperformed semaglutide in blood sugar reduction and food intake suppression (p<0.001). Chronic combination results: bGLP-10 + cagrilintide = -38.4% weight loss (p<0.001) vs semaglutide + cagrilintide = -23.0% vs bGLP-10 alone = -16.1% vs semaglutide alone = -10.9% vs cagrilintide alone = -5.7%. Superior glucose control and liver lipid management vs semaglutide-cagrilintide (p<0.001).
Sun, Xiao; Yang, Dawei; Li, Yan; Shi, Jingjing; Zhang, Xiaolong; Yi, Tingzhuang · Animal Study
Liraglutide relieved renal ischemia-reperfusion injury and ferroptosis in vivo. It inhibited macrophage extracellular trap (MET) formation both in vivo and in vitro. Liraglutide decreased STAT1 phosphorylation and increased STAT3/6 phosphorylation, promoting M2 macrophage polarization. STAT3/6 inhibition reversed all liraglutide protective effects.
Sun, Zejia; Zhang, Feilong; Gao, Zihao; Wu, Jiyue; Bi, Qing; Zheng, Xiang; Zhang, Jiandong; Cao, Peng; Wang, Wei · Animal Study
Adding empagliflozin to liraglutide did not improve eGFR (primary outcome), urinary protein excretion, or glycemic control over 6 months. Empagliflozin significantly increased hemoglobin (12.9→13.7 g/dL, p<0.05) and decreased body weight (66.1→64.5 kg, p<0.05). No significant differences in blood pressure, lipids, or HbA1c.
Sunagawa, Kae; Hirai, Keiji; Sunagawa, Sumito; Kamiya, Norifumi; Komesu, Isao; Sunagawa, Yusako; Sunagawa, Hiroshi; Nakachi, Ken; Hirai, Aizan; Ookawara, Susumu; Morishita, Yoshiyuki · RCT
99 peptides identified from Chlorella by LC-MS/MS. LVAKA (LV-5) IC50: 26.66 μM for ACE inhibition. Three peptides (LV-5, LKKAP, PGLRP) stable at extreme pH and temperature. Sequence optimization yielded LRAKA (LR-5): nanomolar ACE inhibition (IC50: 350 nM in vitro) and in vivo blood pressure reduction in rats. LR-5 binds an unconventional ACE site.
Suo, Qishan; Wang, Jing; Wu, Ning; Geng, Lihua; Zhang, Quanbin; Yue, Yang · In Vitro
Erenumab treatment for 3 months improved symptoms of both focal task-specific dystonia (writer's cramp) and migraine in a single patient. This is the first case report of CGRP mAb improving dystonia, suggesting a potential role for CGRP in dystonia pathophysiology.
Suzuki, Keisuke; Suzuki, Shiho; Fujita, Hiroaki; Sakuramoto, Hirotaka; Shioda, Mukuto; Hirata, Koichi · Case Series
Cumulative 85% response rate (≥30% MMD reduction) over 6 months. Response rates: 36% at 1 month, 47% at 3 months, 63% at 6 months. CGRP mAb-naïve: 56% early responders. CGRP mAb-switching: 26% early responders, 59% late responders. Wearing-off (increased migraines week 2→4): 2.4-12.5%. Only 11.1% had adverse events (all mild).
Suzuki, Keisuke; Suzuki, Shiho; Shiina, Tomohiko; Haruyama, Yasuo; Kobayashi, Saro; Shioda, Mukuto; Hirata, Koichi · Cohort
Over 6 months: HbA1c 7.3%→6.0%→5.8%. Body weight 87.7→82.0→79.6 kg. Eating behavior score 57.0→50.7→45.9. GLP-1RA-naïve (n=20): eating behavior changes mainly in first 3 months. GLP-1RA non-naïve (n=13): eating behavior changes continued through 6 months. No correlation between eating behavior changes and weight/glucose changes.
Suzuki, Toru; Sato, Tatsuya; Tanaka, Marenao; Endo, Keisuke; Nakata, Kei; Ogawa, Toshifumi; Hosaka, Itaru; Akiyama, Yukinori; Umetsu, Araya; Furuhashi, Masato · Cohort
26 patients with hypothalamic obesity treated with semaglutide (median dose 1.6 mg). Mean weight loss: 13.4 kg (95% CI: 10.3-16.5 kg, p<0.001). Mean BMI reduction: 4.4 kg/m² (95% CI: 3.4-5.4, p<0.001). 25/26 patients (96%) lost weight. 15 patients (58%) lost >10% body weight. 2 patients (8%) lost >20%.
Svendstrup, Mathilde; Rasmussen, Aase Krogh; Kistorp, Caroline; Klose, Marianne; Andreassen, Mikkel · Cohort
Daily intranasal oxytocin (0.8 IU/kg for 4 weeks): 2x more social interaction time from week 2. 50% reduced explorative behavior at 4 weeks. 30% reduction in repetitive behavior persisting 4 weeks post-treatment. Effects lasted 4 weeks after treatment ended. However, ~10% increase in social disinterest also observed.
Szabó, Jakub; Mlynár, Matúš; Feješ, Andrej; Renczés, Emese; Borbélyová, Veronika; Ostatníková, Daniela; Celec, Peter · Animal Study
GLP-1 RAs may face efficacy plateaus due to receptor desensitization. Tirzepatide's dual GLP-1/GIP agonism offers superior weight loss and glycemic control. Triple agonists (GLP-1/GIP/glucagon) represent the next frontier. Oral GLP-1 formulations are expanding access. Understanding intercellular signaling and inflammatory pathways is key to developing next-generation agents.
Sztanek, Ferenc; Tóth, László Imre; Pető, Attila; Hernyák, Marcell; Diószegi, Ágnes; Harangi, Mariann · Review
GLP-1/Estrogen showed superior efficacy versus GLP-1/GIP, GLP-1/GIP/Glucagon, and metformin for metabolic complications of PCOS in mice. GLP-1/E also improved ovarian cyclicity in an ovulatory PCOS model without direct estrogenic effects on the uterus (no uterotrophic effects). Proteomics revealed GLP-1/E changes hypothalamic pathways differently between the two PCOS models, explaining variable effectiveness.
Sánchez-Garrido, Miguel A; Serrano-López, Víctor; Ruiz-Pino, Francisco; Vázquez, María Jesús; Rodríguez-Martín, Andrea; Torres, Encarnación; Velasco, Inmaculada; Rodríguez, Ana Belén; Chicano-Gálvez, Eduardo; Mora-Ortiz, Marina; Ohlsson, Claes; Poutanen, Matti; Pinilla, Leonor; Gaytán, Francisco; Douros, Jonathan D; Yang, Bin; Müller, Timo D; DiMarchi, Richard D; Tschöp, Matthias H; Finan, Brian; Tena-Sempere, Manuel · RCT
Four endogenous opioid peptide families (beta-endorphin, enkephalin, dynorphin, endomorphin) act through multiple receptor types (mu, delta, kappa, ORL1). The EOS mediates pain modulation, reward behaviors, stress response, immune function, and social bonding. These systems have extensive cross-talk with other neurotransmitter and hormonal systems.
Tache, Simona; Kerr, Patrick L; Sirbu, Cristian · Review
Incident depression within 1 year: GLP-1 RA group 7.7% (2,263/34,130) vs DPP-4i group 6.3% (6,602/105,478). Adjusted relative risk: 1.02 (95% CI: 0.97-1.07, not significant). All sensitivity analyses also non-significant.
Tagliapietra, Gabriella A; Cantrell, Matthew A; Lund, Brian C · Cohort
320/397 respondents (81%) had prescribed CGRP mAbs. 55% required ≥2 prior preventive failures. MMD thresholds varied: ≥4 (23%), ≥6 (22%), ≥8 (24%), ≥10 (26%). 70% assessed efficacy at 3 months for episodic migraine. Cost was the top concern: 28% cited it as limiting prescriptions and 24% as the main reason responding patients discontinued.
Takizawa, Tsubasa; Ihara, Keiko; Watanabe, Narumi; Takemura, Ryo; Takahashi, Nobuyuki; Miyazaki, Naoki; Shibata, Mamoru; Suzuki, Keisuke; Imai, Noboru; Suzuki, Norihiro; Hirata, Koichi; Takeshima, Takao; Nakahara, Jin · Cohort
Tirzepatide's dual mechanism may provide cardiovascular protection through: (1) anti-inflammatory effects, (2) anti-apoptotic activity, (3) autophagy promotion, (4) atherosclerosis reduction, (5) indirect benefits via blood pressure, weight, and lipid improvements. GIP receptor activation adds mechanisms beyond GLP-1 alone. Heart failure trials are underway.
Taktaz, Fatemeh; Fontanella, Rosaria Anna; Scisciola, Lucia; Pesapane, Ada; Basilicata, Manuela Giovanna; Ghosh, Puja; Franzese, Martina; Tortorella, Giovanni; Puocci, Armando; Vietri, Maria Teresa; Capuano, Annalisa; Paolisso, Giuseppe; Barbieri, Michelangela · Review
Semaglutide dispensing errors occurred in only 0.35% of 28,165 orders, with incorrect dose being the most common error type at 58.6% of all errors.
Talay, Louis; Vickers, Matt · Cohort
Proactive coaching doubled patient engagement metrics (19.4 vs 8.6 messages) but weight loss difference (10.1% vs 8.9%) was not statistically significant over 16 weeks.
Talay, Louis A; Vickers, Matt; Lagesen, Leif; Liu, Nicole · Cohort
Semaglutide and liraglutide act through five key molecular pathways: appetite regulation via hypothalamic signaling, enhanced insulin secretion, glucose homeostasis, increased energy expenditure, and improved lipid metabolism.
Tamayo-Trujillo, Rafael; Ruiz-Pozo, Viviana A; Cadena-Ullauri, Santiago; Guevara-Ramírez, Patricia; Paz-Cruz, Elius; Zambrano-Villacres, Raynier; Simancas-Racines, Daniel; Zambrano, Ana Karina · Review
Semaglutide users achieved 1.7% HbA1c reduction and 4.1 kg weight loss vs 0.9% and 1.3 kg for DPP-4 inhibitor users over 12 months, with GLP-1 patients at least twice as likely to hit composite endpoints.
Tan, Xi; Divino, Victoria; Amamoo, James; Xie, Lin; Coyle, Katharine B; Gamble, Cory L; Guevarra, Mico; Paprocki, Yurek; King, Aaron A · Cohort
After three CGRP-mAb injections, monthly headache days decreased from median 30.0 to 9.5, with 75% of patients achieving ≥50% reduction in headache frequency without abrupt medication discontinuation.
Tanei, Takafumi; Fuse, Yutaro; Maesawa, Satoshi; Nishimura, Yusuke; Ishizaki, Tomotaka; Nagashima, Yoshitaka; Mutoh, Manabu; Ito, Yoshiki; Hashida, Miki; Suzuki, Takahiro; Yamamoto, Syun; Wakabayashi, Toshihiko; Saito, Ryuta · Cohort
A minimum 4-week duration at each dulaglutide dose before escalation was validated as appropriate to reduce gastrointestinal events, consistent with AWARD-11 observed data.
Tang, Cheng Cai; Lim, Jean; Loo, Li Shen; Jung, Heike; Konig, Manige; Tham, Lai San · Review
PEG10-based endogenous virus-like particles loaded with neoantigen peptides efficiently targeted dendritic cells, promoted their maturation, and induced neoantigen-specific T cell responses with significant antitumor efficacy in mouse liver cancer models.
Tang, Ruijing; Guo, Luobin; Wei, Tingyu; Chen, Tingting; Yang, Huan; Ye, Honghao; Lin, Fangzhou; Zeng, Yongyi; Yu, Haijun; Cai, Zhixiong; Liu, Xiaolong · In Vitro
NPT-gel neoantigen vaccine combined with PD-1/CTLA-4 dual blockade unlocked immunosuppressive liver metastasis microenvironment by inducing CD8+CD69+ T cell infiltration, showing superior antitumor efficacy in multiple preclinical models.
Tang, Shichuan; Tang, Ruijing; Chen, Geng; Zhang, Da; Lin, Kongying; Yang, Huan; Fu, Jun; Guo, Yutong; Lin, Fangzhou; Dong, Xiuqing; Huang, Tingfeng; Kong, Jie; Yin, Xiaowei; Ge, Aimin; Lin, Qizhu; Wu, Ming; Liu, Xiaolong; Zeng, Yongyi; Cai, Zhixiong · Animal Study
33-residue collagen-mimetic peptides using SESSA design self-assembled into both nanofibers and hydrogels, with consistent behavior across scales and a direct structure-property relationship.
Tanrikulu, I Caglar; Dang, Lianna; Nelavelli, Lekha; Ellison, Aubrey J; Olsen, Bradley D; Jin, Song; Raines, Ronald T · In Vitro
65.1% of patients achieved ≥50% reduction in monthly migraine days at month 6, and approximately 80% met MIDAS-based Italian criteria for treatment continuation.
Tassorelli, Cristina; Barbanti, Piero; Finocchi, Cinzia; Geppetti, Pierangelo; Kokturk, Pinar; Russo, Antonio; Sacco, Simona; Cepparulo, Mario · Cohort
ABCA7 loss suppresses neuropeptide Y expression, reducing BDNF and synaptic density — a mechanism directly linking this Alzheimer's risk gene to brain resilience through NPY-BDNF-NGFR signaling.
Tayran, Hüseyin; Yilmaz, Elanur; Bhattarai, Prabesh; Min, Yuhao; Wang, Xue; Ma, Yiyi; Wang, Ni; Jeong, Inyoung; Nelson, Nastasia; Kassara, Nada; Cosacak, Mehmet Ilyas; Dogru, Ruya Merve; Reyes-Dumeyer, Dolly; Stenersen, Jakob Mørkved; Reddy, Joseph S; Qiao, Min; Flaherty, Delaney; Gunasekaran, Tamil Iniyan; Yang, Zikun; Jurisch-Yaksi, Nathalie; Teich, Andrew F; Kanekiyo, Takahisa; Tosto, Giuseppe; Vardarajan, Badri N; İş, Özkan; Ertekin-Taner, Nilüfer; Mayeux, Richard; Kizil, Caghan · Animal Study
Type 1 diabetes patients showed reduced or absent expression of defensins Beta-1, Alpha-1, Cathelicidin, and REG3A in the pancreas, decoupled from inflammation levels, unlike normal controls.
Tegehall, Angie; Ingvast, Sofie; Krogvold, Lars; Dahl-Jørgensen, Knut; Korsgren, Olle · Cohort
STEP-HFpEF trial: semaglutide significantly improved quality of life, weight, 6-minute walk distance, CRP (30-40% reduction), and NT-proBNP levels in 529 obese HFpEF patients over 52 weeks.
Temporelli, Pier Luigi · Review
MAC-GRD gel showed superior skin permeation and outperformed both native MAC and 1% hydrocortisone in anti-inflammatory (paw thickness), analgesic (writhing reduction), and antioxidant (GSH/MDA) activity against melittin toxicity.
Tender, Tenzin; Rahangdale, Rakesh Ravishankar; Nampoothiri, Madhavan; Raychaudhuri, Ruchira; Mutalik, Srinivas; Sharma, Krishna; Chandrashekar H, Raghu · In Vitro
Tirzepatide 15 mg reduced HbA1c by 2.24% and weight by 8.74 kg vs placebo — the most effective of all seven medications. Liraglutide outperformed SGLT2i for glycemia; SGLT2i excelled in blood pressure.
Teng, Yunjie; Fan, Xue; Yu, Rui; Yang, Xiaoping · Meta Analysis
Atogepant ICER: >$450,000/QALY; rimegepant ICER: >$890,000/QALY — both far exceeding the $150,000/QALY cost-effectiveness threshold. Drug acquisition cost was the dominant factor.
Thaliffdeen, Ryan; Yu, Anthony; Rascati, Karen · Review
37.9% partial/complete response rate, 49-month median progression-free survival, with 9% grade 3+ hematological toxicity and 4% grade 3/4 hepatobiliary toxicity in 107 Asian NET patients.
Tham, Wei Ying; Huang, Hian Liang; Tai, David Wai Meng; Allen, John C; Hwang, Jacqueline S G; Loh, Lih Ming; Goh, Brian K P; Ong, Simon Y K; Kek, Peng Chin; Tan, Damien M Y; Ng, David C E; Loke, Kelvin S H · Cohort
α-defensin 1 and α-defensin 3 were significantly elevated in COVID-19 patients with AKI vs without AKI, and IL-10/IL-10×IL-1B showed excellent AKI discrimination (AUC 0.86-0.88).
Theotonio Dos Santos, Lucas Ferreira; Barbeiro, Hermes Vieira; Barbeiro, Denise Frediani; de Souza, Heraldo Possolo; Pinheiro da Silva, Fabiano · Cohort
Collagen peptides reduced polysomnographic awakenings from 29.3 to 21.3 per night and improved next-morning Stroop test accuracy to 100% vs 97% with placebo.
Thomas, Craig; Kingshott, Ruth N; Allott, Kirsty M; Tang, Jonathan C Y; Dunn, Rachel; Fraser, William D; Thorley, Josh; Virgilio, Nicolina; Prawitt, Janne; Hogervorst, Eef; Škarabot, Jakob; Clifford, Tom · RCT
Survodutide achieved 25% body weight reduction in DIO mice (exceeding semaglutide's GLP-1-only approach) while maintaining comparable antidiabetic efficacy, earning selection from 19 candidates for Phase 3 trials.
Thomas, Leo; Martel, Eric; Rist, Wolfgang; Uphues, Ingo; Hamprecht, Dieter; Neubauer, Heike; Augustin, Robert · In Vitro
The 1993 cloning of the human GLP-1 receptor and identification of exendin-4 as its agonist established the molecular foundation for all subsequent GLP-1R drug development.
Thorens, Bernard; Hodson, David J · Review
Acupuncture at the pterygopalatine ganglion decreased serum substance P and elevated neuropeptide Y in allergic rhinitis rats, with effects mediated through TLR4/NF-kB/NLRP3 pathway inhibition.
Tian, Meihui; Sun, Weifang; Mao, Yinhui; Zhang, Yanan; Liu, Huan; Tang, Yong · In Vitro