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Research library — page 83

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RPEP-09281 · 2024

Tumor-Homing iRGD Peptide Dramatically Improves Camptothecin's Ability to Reach and Kill Colon Cancer Cells

iRGD-camptothecin conjugate showed superior cell penetration, greater colon cancer cell killing at micromolar concentrations, higher tumor accumulation, and enhanced antitumor effects compared to unconjugated camptothecin in both in vitro and in vivo models.

Singh, Tejinder; Kim, Tae Wan; Murthy, Akula S N; Paul, Mohuya; Sepay, Nasim; Jeong Kong, Hye; Sung Ryu, Jae; Rim Koo, Na; Yoon, Sujeong; Song, Keon-Hyoung; Jun Baek, Moo; Jeon, Seob; Im, Jungkyun · Animal Study

RPEP-09283 · 2024

CGRP Antibodies Help Migraine Patients Break Free from Medication Overuse, Especially for Triptan Users

Anti-CGRP antibodies increased transition from medication overuse to non-overuse status by 44% overall (RR: 1.44), with the strongest effect in triptan overusers (RR: 1.71) but no significant effect for simple analgesic overusers.

Sirilertmekasakul, Chananchida; Panto, Akkanat; Lekhalawan, Pattanan; Panyarachun, Pariyada; Jindasakchai, Porpim; Rattanawong, Wanakorn · Meta Analysis

RPEP-09287 · 2024

Kisspeptin: A Single Peptide That Links Fertility and Metabolism, with Therapeutic Potential for Both

Kisspeptins regulate both reproduction and metabolism in a sexually dimorphic manner, with disruptions in metabolic conditions leading to simultaneous reproductive dysfunction. Only 15% of clinical studies address kisspeptin's metabolic role.

Sliwowska, Joanna Helena; Woods, Nicola Elizabeth; Alzahrani, Abdullah Rzgallah; Paspali, Elpiniki; Tate, Rothwelle Joseph; Ferro, Valerie Anne · Review

RPEP-09288 · 2024

Orforglipron: How a Pill Can Activate the Same GLP-1 Receptor as Injectable Peptides — The Pharmacology Behind It

Orforglipron binds GLP-1R with Ki=1 nM, achieves full biological response at low receptor occupancy, has minimal β-arrestin recruitment, and can sustain semaglutide-initiated weight loss when given orally.

Sloop, Kyle W; Cox, Amy L; Wainscott, David B; White, Alex; Droz, Brian A; Stutsman, Cynthia; Showalter, Aaron D; Suter, Todd M; Dunbar, James D; Snider, Brandy M; O'Farrell, Libbey S; Hewitt, Natalie; Ruble, J Craig; Padgett, Leah R; Woerly, Eric M; Peterson, Jeffrey A; Coskun, Tamer; Liu, Zhaomin; Coutant, David E; Ai, Minrong; Emmerson, Paul J; Sangwung, Panjamaporn; Willard, Francis S · In Vitro

RPEP-09293 · 2024

NPY Y1 Receptor Stimulation May Counter Depression-Related Brain Changes in Rats

NPY Y1 receptor agonist treatment increased hypothalamic NPY gene expression and improved active swimming behavior in the forced swim test in chronically stressed rats, while depression alone decreased expression of IGF1R, FGF2, POMC, NPY, and GLUT2 genes.

Solak, Hatice; Gormus, Z Isik Solak; Koca, Raviye Ozen; Gunes, Canan Eroglu; Iyisoy, Mehmet Sinan; Kurar, Ercan; Kutlu, Selim · Animal Study

RPEP-09294 · 2024

How SNAC Technology Makes Oral Semaglutide Possible

SNAC technology works by three mechanisms: raising local gastric pH to protect semaglutide from acid degradation, shielding the peptide from enzymatic breakdown, and enhancing transcellular absorption across the stomach epithelium — together enabling clinically effective oral delivery of a GLP-1 receptor agonist.

Solis-Herrera, Carolina; Kane, Michael P; Triplitt, Curtis · Review

RPEP-09295 · 2024

Semaglutide Improves Heart Structure in Obesity-Related Heart Failure

Semaglutide 2.4 mg weekly significantly reduced left atrial volume progression (-6.13 mL vs placebo, p=0.0013), right ventricular enlargement (RV end-diastolic area -1.99 cm², p=0.016), and improved diastolic filling parameters (E-wave velocity -5.63 cm/s, p=0.0037; E/A ratio -0.14, p=0.0075) over 52 weeks.

Solomon, Scott D; Ostrominski, John W; Wang, Xiaowen; Shah, Sanjiv J; Borlaug, Barry A; Butler, Javed; Davies, Melanie J; Kitzman, Dalane W; Verma, Subodh; Abildstrøm, Steen Z; Nygaard Einfeldt, Mette; Rasmussen, Søren; Abhayaratna, Walter P; Ahmed, Fozia Z; Ben-Gal, Tuvia; Chopra, Vijay; Ito, Hiroshi; Merkely, Bela; Núñez, Julio; Senni, Michele; van der Meer, Peter; Wolf, Dennis; Petrie, Mark C; Kosiborod, Mikhail N · RCT

RPEP-09296 · 2024

Neuropeptide Y Levels Are Elevated in First-Episode Schizophrenia, but the Link to Symptoms Differs by Sex

Serum NPY levels were significantly higher in first-episode schizophrenia patients than controls (p<0.001). In males, NPY positively correlated with PANSS symptom scores at baseline (p<0.01) and changes in NPY tracked with symptom changes during risperidone treatment (p<0.05). No such correlations were found in females. The NPY × sex interaction was highly significant (p<0.001).

Song, Jia-Qi; Xin, Wen; Yu, Jian-Jin; Zhao, Qing; Li, Hong-Na; Chen, Da-Chun · Cohort

RPEP-09297 · 2024

China's Drug Pricing Policies Dramatically Increased Access to GLP-1 Medications

National price negotiation led to a significant increase of 212.28 defined daily doses (95% CI: 188.25-236.31, p<0.001) in novel hypoglycaemic drug consumption. Daily costs decreased significantly after policy implementation (p<0.001). Dulaglutide, liraglutide, semaglutide, and dapagliflozin showed significant increases in utilization post-policy (p<0.001).

Song, Jie; Guo, Wei; Jin, Chunlin; Xu, Yuan; Hu, Xiaojing; Zhang, Zheng; Lin, Hai · Cohort

RPEP-09299 · 2024

Overcoming Delivery Challenges for Peptide-Based Cancer Vaccines

Three main barriers limit peptide vaccine efficacy: rapid clearance, low immunogenicity, and insufficient uptake by antigen-presenting cells. Synthetic delivery systems targeting lymph node drainage, APC delivery, cross-presentation, and adjuvant incorporation can overcome these barriers and significantly improve anti-tumor immune responses in preclinical models.

Song, Kefan; Pun, Suzie H · Review

RPEP-09302 · 2024

Neuropeptide Y Suppression After Heart Ablation May Contribute to Atrial Fibrillation Recurrence

Multi-omics profiling identified NPY as significantly downregulated after pulmonary vein ablation. NPY suppression promoted cardiomyocyte apoptosis and activated the Akt pathway in cardiac fibroblasts, increasing fibrosis. NPY intervention alleviated atrial myocyte apoptosis and inhibited Akt activation in fibroblasts. The atrial effective refractory period was shortened after ablation.

Song, Qiyuan; Zhang, Ning; Zhang, Yujiao; Zhang, An; Li, Huilin; Bai, Shuting; Shang, Luxiang; Du, Juanjuan; Hou, Yinglong · Animal Study

RPEP-09303 · 2024

Mushroom-Derived Peptide APPLRP Lowers Blood Pressure by Inhibiting ACE and Reducing Vascular Remodeling

APPLRP is a competitive ACE inhibitor with IC50 of 29.93 μM that resists pepsin and pancreatin digestion. In hypertensive zebrafish, it reduced cardiac fibrosis, increased vessel diameter, decreased vessel wall thickness, downregulated ACE expression, and upregulated protective ACE2 expression. In vitro, it blocked Ang II-induced smooth muscle cell proliferation via AT1R/ERK1/2/STAT3 pathway inhibition.

Song, Tianyuan; Zhang, Tiantian; Cai, Qiaolin; Ding, Yin-Yi; Gu, Zhenyu · Animal Study

RPEP-09304 · 2024

Migraine Treatment Beyond Pills: How CGRP and PACAP Therapies Fit with Alternative Approaches

Complementary and alternative therapies (CAT) show varying levels of evidence for migraine management, while novel peptide-targeting therapies (CGRP antagonists and monoclonal antibodies, PACAP antagonists) represent the most significant pharmacological advance in migraine treatment. The review proposes that CAT may serve as adjunctive therapy alongside these new peptide-based treatments.

Song, Xiaoli; Zhu, Qian; Su, Lanqian; Shi, Lei; Chi, Hao; Yan, Yalan; Luo, Mei; Xu, Xibin; Liu, Baohong; Liu, Zhengyang; Yang, Jin · Review

RPEP-09305 · 2024

Spider Venom Peptide LC-AMP-F1 Kills Drug-Resistant Bacteria and Destroys Biofilms

LC-AMP-F1 inhibited growth of various bacteria including 5 multidrug-resistant clinical strains, effectively inhibited biofilm formation, and disrupted mature biofilms. It showed synergistic or additive effects with conventional antibiotics, minimal hemolytic activity, and low eukaryotic cell toxicity. Mechanism: increased membrane permeability and rapid membrane disruption.

Song, Yuxin; Wang, Junyao; Liu, Xi; Yu, Shengwei; Tang, Xing; Tan, Huaxin · In Vitro

RPEP-09306 · 2024

Thymosin Beta-4 Promotes Central Nerve Regeneration by Facilitating Actin Assembly

Tβ4 knockout impaired Mauthner cell axon regeneration in zebrafish, while overexpression promoted it. The mechanism requires Tβ4-G-actin binding and promotes actin polymerization (not depolymerization as some models predicted). Axon regeneration length correlated negatively with the straight-tail escape deficit. Tβ4 overexpression restored rapid escape behavior.

Song, Zheng; Han, Along; Hu, Bing · Animal Study

RPEP-09307 · 2024

First Report of Semaglutide-Induced Euglycemic Ketoacidosis in a Non-Diabetic Patient

First reported case of euglycemic ketoacidosis caused by semaglutide in a patient without diabetes. The patient presented with metabolic acidosis and ketonemia with normal blood glucose after 7 months of semaglutide for weight loss. Treatment with bicarbonate-containing dextrose infusion resolved the ketoacidosis rapidly.

Sood, Nikhil; Bansal, Ojas; Garg, Rohini; Hoskote, Abhinav · Case Series

RPEP-09308 · 2024

Cardiovascular Side Effects of Anti-CGRP Migraine Drugs: European Safety Database Analysis

Among 9,441 ICSRs, 12.8% involved cardiovascular adverse events (1,205 reports, 1,599 CV ADRs). 67.5% of CV ADRs were serious. Disproportionate reporting: erenumab — hypertension (ROR 1.45); galcanezumab — atrial fibrillation (ROR 2.36), myocardial infarction (ROR 2.21); fremanezumab — deep vein thrombosis (ROR 3.86), pallor (ROR 5.00), palpitations (ROR 1.48). Several findings not in official drug labels.

Sorbara, Emanuela Elisa; Barbieri, Maria Antonietta; Russo, Giulia; Cicala, Giuseppe; Spina, Edoardo · Cohort

RPEP-09309 · 2024

Cathelicidin: A Natural Antimicrobial Peptide With Diagnostic and Therapeutic Potential in Urinary Tract Diseases

Cathelicidin is rapidly produced by uroepithelial cells upon pathogen contact, making it a potential early UTI biomarker. Post-UTI cathelicidin levels lower than healthy controls suggest a risk factor for recurrence. Cathelicidin also shows promise as a biomarker for severe vesicoureteral reflux and renal scarring. Multiple therapeutic agents that upregulate cathelicidin expression are under investigation.

Sorić Hosman, Iva; Cvitković Roić, Andrea; Vuković Brinar, Ivana; Gulin, Tonko; Ćorić, Marijana; Rogić, Dunja; Lončar Vrančić, Ana; Lamot, Lovro · Review

RPEP-09310 · 2024

Food-Derived ACE and DPP-4 Inhibitory Peptides Survive Digestion but Struggle to Cross the Intestinal Wall

Bioactive dipeptides YA, VL, and IY from poultry hydrolysates resisted simulated gastrointestinal digestion. However, Caco-2 cell monolayer absorption tests showed peptide concentrations decreased on the apical side but were not detected basolaterally — indicating cellular uptake/metabolism rather than transcellular transport. The peptides downregulated peptide transporter expression, CDX2 transcription factor, and tight junction protein TJP1.

Sorokina, Liudmila; Solberg, Nina Therese; Koga, Shiori; Rønning, Sissel Beate; Afseth, Nils Kristian; Wilson, Steven Ray; Rieder, Anne; Wubshet, Sileshi Gizachew · In Vitro

RPEP-09311 · 2024

Peptide-Guided Nanoparticles Deliver Gene Therapy to Cystic Fibrosis Lung Cells Through Mucus Barrier

A lead peptide identified from phage display against primary CF bronchial epithelial cells enhanced mRNA lipid nanoparticle delivery by 7.8-fold in vitro (primary human CF bronchial epithelia) and 3.4-fold in vivo (mouse lungs). The peptide facilitated specific uptake into lung epithelial cells relative to other cell types.

Soto, Melissa R; Lewis, Mae M; Leal, Jasmim; Pan, Yuting; Mohanty, Rashmi P; Veyssi, Arian; Maier, Esther Y; Heiser, Brittany J; Ghosh, Debadyuti · In Vitro

RPEP-09312 · 2024

Bremelanotide for Low Sexual Desire in Women: Small Effects and Questionable Outcome Measures

8 of 11 clinicaltrials.gov-specified efficacy outcomes were unpublished, including FSDS-DAO total score, FSFI total score, FSFI arousal domain, and FSEP-R items. Analyzed unpublished outcomes showed effect sizes from nil to small. Published categorical response outcomes lacked validity evidence. Nearly all outcomes suggesting modest benefits were likely post-hoc.

Spielmans, Glen I; Ellefson, Elaine M · Review

RPEP-09313 · 2024

Terbium-161 Delivers More Radiation to Cancer Cell Nuclei Than Lutetium-177 in Peptide Radionuclide Therapy

161Tb-DOTATATE and 161Tb-DOTA-LM3 delivered 3.6× and 3.8× higher nuclear absorbed doses than 177Lu-labeled counterparts. The enhanced dose was primarily from internal conversion electrons, not Auger electrons. 161Tb-DOTA-LM3 showed a superior linear-quadratic dose response (suggesting additional membrane damage) compared to the linear-only response of 161Tb-DOTATATE.

Spoormans, Kaat; Struelens, Lara; Vermeulen, Koen; De Saint-Hubert, Marijke; Koole, Michel; Crabbé, Melissa · In Vitro

RPEP-09314 · 2024

GLP-1 Drugs Reduce Heart Attacks and Death in Type 2 Diabetes: Systematic Review of 14 Studies

GLP-1 RAs significantly reduce cardiovascular mortality, all-cause mortality, nonfatal MI, and nonfatal stroke in T2DM patients with existing cardiovascular risk factors. Limited data suggest possible protective effects against arrhythmias. Effects on heart failure hospitalization are minor. Benefits in patients without cardiovascular risk factors are uncertain.

Sreenivasan, Chithra; Parikh, Aneri; Francis, Aida J; Kanthajan, Tatchaya; Pandey, Manorama; AlQassab, Osamah; Nath, Tuheen Sankar · Review

RPEP-09316 · 2024

GLP-1 Agonists Effectively Reduce BMI in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease

BMI decreased significantly from 34.0 to 31.0 (p<0.0001) with median weight loss of 8.15 kg (p<0.0001). CRP and ALT levels did not change significantly, suggesting no worsening of IBD inflammation. Total cholesterol and HbA1c showed trends toward improvement. Side effects: nausea (31%), constipation (25%).

St-Pierre, Joëlle; Klein, Jeremy; Choi, Natalie K; Fear, Evan; Pannain, Silvana; Rubin, David T · Cohort

RPEP-09317 · 2024

Semaglutide Slows Breast Cancer Growth by Boosting Anti-Tumor Immune Response in Mice

Semaglutide decelerated tumor appearance and growth in 4T1 breast cancer mice. No direct cytotoxic effect in vitro and no angiogenic effect. NK cell depletion did not affect tumor growth in treated mice. Semaglutide increased CD11c+ dendritic cell accumulation and maturation, decreased FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (in spleen and tumor), increased tumor-infiltrating T cells with anti-tumor phenotype, and enhanced CD8+ T cell cytotoxic capacity.

Stanisavljevic, Isidora; Pavlovic, Sladjana; Simovic Markovic, Bojana; Jurisevic, Milena; Krajnovic, Tamara; Mijatovic, Sanja; Spasojevic, Marija; Mitrovic, Slobodanka; Corovic, Irfan; Jovanovic, Ivan · Animal Study

RPEP-09318 · 2024

Weight Loss Drugs Risk Muscle and Bone Loss: The Case for Myostatin Inhibitors as Combination Therapy

Over 25% of total weight lost from both bariatric surgery and GLP-1 pharmacotherapy comes from fat-free mass. The myostatin-activin-follistatin system is crucial for lean mass preservation during negative energy balance. Bimagrumab, trevogrumab, and garetosmab inhibit activin/myostatin signaling and show promise in preventing muscle loss while promoting fat loss, either alone or combined with incretin receptor agonists.

Stefanakis, Konstantinos; Kokkorakis, Michail; Mantzoros, Christos S · Review

RPEP-09319 · 2024

GLP-1 Drugs Reduce Heart Attacks and Death in Non-Diabetic Obese Adults: Meta-Analysis of 28,168 Participants

GLP-1/GIP RAs vs placebo in non-diabetic overweight/obese adults: MACE reduced (OR 0.79, 95% CI 0.71-0.89), all-cause mortality reduced (OR 0.80, 95% CI 0.70-0.92), MI reduced (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.61-0.86), nonfatal MI reduced (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.61-0.85). Cardiovascular mortality trend (OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.71-1.01, p=0.06). No significant stroke reduction. No heterogeneity across studies (I²=0 for all outcomes).

Stefanou, Maria-Ioanna; Palaiodimou, Lina; Theodorou, Aikaterini; Safouris, Apostolos; Fischer, Urs; Kelly, Peter J; Dawson, Jesse; Katan, Mira; Katsanos, Aristeidis H; Lambadiari, Vaia; Giannopoulos, Sotirios; Alexandrov, Andrei V; Siasos, Gerasimos; Tsivgoulis, Georgios · Meta Analysis

RPEP-09320 · 2024

GLP-1 Receptor Found on Metastatic Prostate Cancer in Living Patients for the First Time

One of four patients with mCRPC had three bone metastases that were positive for both PSMA (confirming prostate cancer) and gallium-68-DOTA-exendin-4 (confirming GLP-1R expression). This is the first in vivo demonstration of GLP-1R expression in metastatic prostate cancer. The patient had six PSMA-avid lesions, three of which were also exendin-avid.

Stein, Mark S; Kalff, Victor; Williams, Scott G; Murphy, Declan G; Colman, Peter G; Hofman, Michael S · Cohort

RPEP-09321 · 2024

Spleen Shrinkage Predicts Dangerous Blood Count Drops After Peptide Radionuclide Therapy

A 30% decline in spleen volume at 12 months post-177Lu-DOTATATE treatment predicted leukopenia at 24 months with AUC 0.91, sensitivity 93%, and specificity 90%. White blood cell counts and relative spleen volume reduction were also independent predictors, but spleen volume reduction was far superior. Automated splenic volume assessment outperformed all conventional laboratory parameters.

Steinhelfer, Lisa; Jungmann, Friederike; Endrös, Lukas; Wenzel, Patrick; Haller, Bernhard; Nickel, Manuel; Haneder, Eva; Geisler, Fabian; Götze, Katharina; von Werder, Alexander; Eiber, Matthias; Makowski, Markus R; Braren, Rickmer; Lohöfer, Fabian · Cohort

RPEP-09322 · 2024

Bariatric Surgery Outperforms Semaglutide for Weight Loss and Diabetes Remission at 2 Years

At 2 years: bariatric surgery achieved 26.4% ± 8.83% total weight loss vs 5.2% ± 7.87% with semaglutide (p<0.001). Mean HbA1c: 42.3 ± 11.18 after surgery vs 50.7 ± 12.48 after semaglutide (p<0.001). Complete diabetes remission: 63.0% with surgery vs 13.9% with semaglutide (p<0.001).

Stenberg, Erik; Cao, Yang; Ottosson, Johan; Hedberg, Suzanne; Näslund, Erik · Cohort

RPEP-09323 · 2024

Higher Neuropeptide Y Levels Buffer the Link Between Emotional Difficulties and Mental Health Problems in Trauma Survivors

Difficulties in emotion regulation significantly predicted psychopathology (B=0.032, p<0.01). This relationship was significantly moderated by NPY levels (B=-0.001, p<0.05) — higher NPY weakened the emotion-regulation-to-psychopathology link. The overall model was significant (R²=0.26, F(5,48)=3.46, p<0.01).

Stevens, Sarah K; Boley, Randy; Pollack, Mark; Hobfoll, Stevan; Shankman, Stewart; Pinkerton, Linzy; Valdespino-Hayden, Zerbrina; Glover, Angela C; Kaufman, Michelle; Dowd, Sheila; Zalta, Alyson K · Cohort

RPEP-09324 · 2024

Peptide Biomarkers BNP and Proadrenomedullin Predict Heart Death for at Least 15 Years

All 6 biomarkers — BNP, troponin I, cystatin-C, CRP, D-dimer, and midregional proadrenomedullin — were significantly associated with cardiovascular death (n=1,903) both during the randomized trial period and for 10 additional years after trial completion (each p<0.001). Associations were sustained for at least 15 years total.

Stewart, Ralph A H; Robledo, Kristy P; Tonkin, Andrew M; Keech, Anthony; Kritharides, Leonard; Marschner, Ian; Janus, Edward; Thompson, Peter L; Watts, Gerald F; Zeller, Tanja; White, Harvey D; Simes, John · Cohort

RPEP-09325 · 2024

cAMP Is Essential for GLP-1 Receptor's Anti-Inflammatory Heart Protection

Liraglutide dose-dependently inhibited LPS-induced apoptosis and inflammation in cardiac cells via GLP-1R-mediated cAMP production. AC inhibition completely abolished liraglutide's anti-inflammatory effects. Roflumilast (PDE4 inhibitor) enhanced cAMP production and amplified liraglutide's protection. Both PKA and Epac pathways are required — inhibiting either alone only partially blocked effects, but inhibiting both fully prevented liraglutide's anti-inflammatory action.

Stoicovy, Renee A; Cora, Natalie; Perez, Arianna; Nagliya, Deepika; Del Calvo, Giselle; Lopez, Teresa Baggio; Weinstein, Emma C; Borges, Jordana I; Maning, Jennifer; Lymperopoulos, Anastasios · In Vitro

RPEP-09326 · 2024

Oral Semaglutide Improves Heart Function and Blood Flow in Pigs with Coronary Artery Disease

Semaglutide improved left ventricular ejection fraction at rest and during rapid pacing (both p<0.03), increased perfusion to the most ischemic myocardium at rest and during pacing (both p<0.03), reduced perivascular and interstitial fibrosis (both p<0.03), and decreased apoptosis (p=0.008). Mechanism: increased AMPK activation (p=0.005) with downstream eNOS upregulation (p=0.014).

Stone, Christopher R; Harris, Dwight D; Broadwin, Mark; Kanuparthy, Meghamsh; Nho, Ju-Woo; Yalamanchili, Keertana; Hamze, Jad; Abid, M Ruhul; Sellke, Frank W · Animal Study

RPEP-09327 · 2024

Tirzepatide Resolves Dumping Syndrome and Dangerous Blood Sugar Drops After Bariatric Surgery

Tirzepatide 2.5 mg weekly decreased postprandial glucose peaks, increased postprandial glucose nadirs (preventing dangerous hypoglycemia), improved time in range on CGM, and resolved postprandial bloating and diarrhea from dumping syndrome. First reported use of a dual-incretin agonist for either dumping syndrome or postbariatric hypoglycemia.

Stortz, Ethan; Lawler, Helen · Case Series

RPEP-09328 · 2024

Oral Semaglutide Outperforms Dapagliflozin for Liver Health in Diabetic Fatty Liver Disease

Oral semaglutide significantly reduced liver stiffness (8.07 ± 2.90 → 6.51 ± 3.09 kPa, p<0.001) measured by VCTE at 6 months. Both groups showed reduced BMI, waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio. Semaglutide showed notable HbA1c decrease (p-value referenced). Both were add-on to metformin.

Stratina, Ermina; Stanciu, Carol; Nastasa, Robert; Zenovia, Sebastian; Stafie, Remus; Rotaru, Adrian; Cuciureanu, Tudor; Muzica, Cristina; Sfarti, Catalin; Girleanu, Irina; Minea, Horia; Petrea, Oana; Huiban, Laura; Chiriac, Stefan; Singeap, Ana-Maria; Vlad, Oana; Cojocariu, Camelia; Trifan, Anca · Cohort

RPEP-09329 · 2024

Vitamin A Derivative Boosts Immune Cell Killing of MRSA and Directly Fights Strep Skin Infections

Retinoic acid stimulated human neutrophils to produce LL-37 antimicrobial peptide, reactive oxygen species, and extracellular traps, enhancing MRSA killing in vitro. RA directly inhibited GAS growth and, in a murine skin infection model, topical RA reduced both skin lesion size and bacterial burden.

Stream, Alexandra; Corriden, Ross; Döhrmann, Simon; Gallo, Richard L; Nizet, Victor; Anderson, Ericka L · In Vitro

RPEP-09330 · 2024

VEGF-R1 May Predict Response to Peptide Radionuclide Therapy in Neuroendocrine Tumors

After four PRRT cycles in 40 NET patients, CgA, VEGF-R1, and VEGF-R2 decreased significantly while VEGF-R3 increased. VEGF levels were unchanged. VEGF-R1 had the best discriminatory value for treatment response (AUC 0.7).

Strzelczyk, Janusz; Wójcik-Giertuga, Monika; Makulik, Karolina; Rosiek, Violetta; Kamiński, Grzegorz; Kajdaniuk, Dariusz; Kos-Kudła, Beata · Cohort

RPEP-09331 · 2024

Comprehensive Pharmacological Profiling of Ghrelin Receptor Ligands Reveals Key Differences Between Agonists, Antagonists, and Inverse Agonists

Ghrelin, anamorelin, HM01, and HM03 behaved as potent full GHSR agonists in both assays. LEAP2(1-14) was identified as a GHSR inverse agonist in DMR but not calcium assays. PF-05190457, HM04, and H1498 acted as inverse agonists in DMR but only antagonists in calcium mobilization, demonstrating DMR's superior ability to discriminate receptor pharmacology.

Sturaro, Chiara; Ruzza, Chiara; Ferrari, Federica; Pola, Pietro; Argentieri, Michela; Frezza, Alessia; Marzola, Erika; Bettegazzi, Barbara; Cattaneo, Stefano; Pietra, Claudio; Malfacini, Davide; Calò, Girolamo · In Vitro

RPEP-09332 · 2024

Expert Guide to Managing Blood Sugar Spikes from Pasireotide in Acromegaly Patients

Pasireotide-induced hyperglycemia is pathophysiologically distinct — caused by decreased GIP and GLP-1 secretion, not insulin resistance. Incretin-based therapeutics (DPP-4 inhibitors and GLP-1 RAs) are recommended as alternatives to metformin monotherapy because they target the specific mechanism. Patient risk stratification and monitoring protocols are proposed.

Störmann, Sylvère; Meyhöfer, Sebastian M; Groener, Jan B; Faust, Johanna; Schilbach, Katharina; Seufert, Jochen; Vergès, Bruno · Review