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Research library — page 82

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RPEP-09228 · 2024

Three CGRP Antibodies All Show Significant Efficacy for Migraine Prevention in 209-Patient Study

In 205 analyzed patients, erenumab and galcanezumab showed statistically significant improvements in MIDAS, HIT-6, monthly migraine days, and acute medication days. 17.5% reported adverse events (injection site pain, nausea, constipation, fatigue). Only 2.4% discontinued due to AEs, 7.3% for lack of efficacy.

Schweiger, Vittorio; Bellamoli, Paola; Taus, Francesco; Gottin, Leonardo; Martini, Alvise; Nizzero, Marta; Bonora, Eleonora; Del Balzo, Giovanna; Donadello, Katia; Secchettin, Erica; Finco, Gabriele; Santis, Daniele De; Polati, Enrico · Cohort

RPEP-09230 · 2024

Semaglutide Reduces All-Cause Death by 19% in SELECT Trial, Including Fewer COVID-19 Deaths

Semaglutide 2.4 mg vs placebo reduced all-cause death (HR 0.81, CI 0.71-0.93), non-CV death (HR 0.77, CI 0.62-0.95), and infectious death (HR 0.71, CI 0.51-0.98). Among COVID-19 patients, semaglutide reduced COVID deaths (HR 0.66, CI 0.44-0.96) and serious COVID events (232 vs 277, p=0.04). CV death trended lower (HR 0.85, CI 0.71-1.01).

Scirica, Benjamin M; Lincoff, A Michael; Lingvay, Ildiko; Bogdanski, Pawel; Buscemi, Silvio; Colhoun, Helen; Craciun, Anca-Elena; Ezhov, Marat; Hardt-Lindberg, Søren; Kleist Jeppesen, Ole; Matos, Ana Laura S A; Node, Koichi; Schiele, Francois; Toplak, Hermann; van Beek, André; Weeke, Peter E; Wiviott, Stephen D; Deanfield, John; Ryan, Donna · RCT

RPEP-09231 · 2024

Cardiac Damage in Tuberculosis: What Imaging and Biomarkers Like BNP Reveal

Pericardial effusion prevalence: 14.1-55.9% on echocardiography. LV systolic impairment: 0-4.25%. Myocardial inflammation: 0.6-21.8% on PET-CT. Only 1 study assessed cardiac biomarkers (BNP, troponin, CK-MB). Elevated troponin found in 246/800 patients. No CTCA studies identified.

Scopazzini, Marcello S; Hill, Katherine J; Majonga, Edith D; Zenner, Dominik; Ayles, Helen; Shah, Anoop S V · Meta Analysis

RPEP-09232 · 2024

Weight Loss Including GLP-1 Drugs Improves Insulin Resistance and Menstrual Cycles in PCOS

Weight loss interventions significantly improved HOMA-IR (-0.45, CI -0.75 to -0.15), free androgen index (-2.03, CI -3.0 to -1.07), and menstrual frequency (+2.64, CI 0.65-4.63). Nine trials used GLP-1 agonists. No significant effect on hirsutism or quality of life. Published in Annals of Internal Medicine.

Scragg, Jadine; Hobson, Alice; Willis, Lia; Taylor, Kathryn S; Dixon, Sharon; Jebb, Susan A · Meta Analysis

RPEP-09233 · 2024

GLP-1 Drug Liraglutide Has Lowest Hypoglycemia Risk Among 4 Diabetes Add-On Therapies in 5,047-Patient RCT

Severe hypoglycemia rates: glargine 0.8%, glimepiride 1.3%, liraglutide 0.5%, sitagliptin 0.3% (p<0.05). Hypoglycemic symptoms: glargine 54.2%, glimepiride 68.3%, liraglutide 32.4%, sitagliptin 29.1% (p<0.001). Liraglutide and sitagliptin had significantly less hypoglycemia than glimepiride and glargine.

Seaquist, Elizabeth R; Phillips, Lawrence S; Ghosh, Alokananda; Baker, Chelsea; Bergenstal, Richard M; Crandall, Jill P; Goland, Robin S; Gramzinski, Michaela R; Hox, Sophia H; Hsia, Daniel S; Johnson, Mary L; Lachin, John M; Raskin, Philip; Valencia, Willy M; Waltje, Andrea H; Younes, Naji · RCT

RPEP-09235 · 2024

Dual GLP-1/Glucagon Peptide Cotadutide Protects Kidneys in Diabetic Kidney Disease Trial

Cotadutide dose-dependently reduced UACR at week 14: 300 μg (-43.9%, CI -54.7 to -30.6) and 600 μg (-49.9%, CI -59.3 to -38.4) vs placebo. Effects sustained at 26 weeks. Safety of cotadutide 600 μg comparable to semaglutide. Serious AEs balanced across arms. 46.8% on concomitant SGLT2i.

Selvarajah, Viknesh; Robertson, Darren; Hansen, Lars; Jermutus, Lutz; Smith, Kirsten; Coggi, Angela; Sánchez, José; Chang, Yi-Ting; Yu, Hongtao; Parkinson, Joanna; Khan, Anis; Chung, H Sophia; Hess, Sonja; Dumas, Richard; Duck, Tabbatha; Jolly, Simran; Elliott, Tom G; Baker, John; Lecube, Albert; Derwahl, Karl-Michael; Scott, Russell; Morales, Cristobal; Peters, Carl; Goldenberg, Ronald; Parker, Victoria E R; Heerspink, Hiddo J L · RCT

RPEP-09236 · 2024

The Long Road to CGRP Treatment: Migraine Patients See 4+ Doctors and Face Widespread Misunderstanding

500 patients surveyed (250 EM, 250 CM, 90% female). Mean 4.1 healthcare providers seen before diagnosis. 71% suspected migraine before diagnosis. 31% reluctant to seek care. 20% initially misdiagnosed. Prior preventives included anticonvulsants (61%), antidepressants (44%), blood pressure meds (43%), botulinum toxin (17%). Most discontinuations due to lack of efficacy or side effects.

Seng, Elizabeth; Lampl, Christian; Viktrup, Lars; Lenderking, William R; Karn, Hayley; Hoyt, Margaret; Kim, Gilwan; Ruff, Dustin; Ossipov, Michael H; Vincent, Maurice · Cohort

RPEP-09237 · 2024

Collagen Peptide Supplement Improves Skin Wrinkles, Elasticity, and Hydration in 12-Week Trial

Collagen peptides significantly improved skin roughness, wrinkle peak-to-valley values, maximum peak height, and average maximum wrinkle height vs placebo. Overall, net, and biological elasticity significantly improved at week 12. Skin hydration and whitening (melanin, erythema) also significantly improved. Zero adverse events reported.

Seong, Seol Hwa; Lee, Young In; Lee, Joohee; Choi, Sooyeon; Kim, In Ah; Suk, Jangmi; Jung, Inhee; Baeg, Chaemin; Kim, Jinhak; Oh, Dongchan; Lee, Ju Hee · RCT

RPEP-09239 · 2024

Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy Achieves 57% Disease Control in Refractory Brain Tumors

42 patients treated with PRRT (5 with 90Y-DOTATOC, 37 with 177Lu-DOTATATE). Disease control rate: 57%. Median PFS: 16 months. Median OS: 36 months (63-month follow-up). 6 patients retreated with 177Lu-PRRT (retreatment PFS: 6.5 months, OS: 17 months). Only 1 treatment discontinuation for grade 3 platelet toxicity.

Severi, Stefano; Grassi, Ilaria; Bongiovanni, Alberto; Nicolini, Silvia; Marini, Irene; Arpa, Donatella; Ranallo, Nicoletta; Azzali, Irene; Di Iorio, Valentina; Sarnelli, Anna; Manuela, Monti; Amadori, Elena; Fabbri, Lucia; Bartolini, Daniela; Tosatto, Luigino; Di Meco, Francesco; Gurrieri, Lorena; Riva, Nada; Calabro, Luana; Matteucci, Federica; Paganelli, Giovanni; Sansovini, Maddalena · Cohort

RPEP-09240 · 2024

GLP-1 Drugs May Cut Liver Cancer Risk by 59% Compared to Insulin in Diabetic Patients

GLP-1RAs vs insulin/no GLP-1RA: pooled HR 0.41 (CI 0.28-0.55), with considerable heterogeneity (I²=74%). GLP-1RAs vs metformin: HR 0.99 (not significant). GLP-1RAs vs DPP-4 inhibitors: HR 1.05 (not significant). GLP-1RAs vs sulfonylureas: HR 0.78 (CI 0.65-0.93).

Shabil, Muhammed; Khatib, Mahalaqua Nazli; Ballal, Suhas; Bansal, Pooja; Tomar, Balvir S; Ashraf, Ayash; Kumar, M Ravi; Sinha, Aashna; Rawat, Pramod; Gaidhane, Abhay M; Sah, Sanjit; Daniel, Afukonyo Shidoiku; Yappalparvi, Ambanna; Bushi, Ganesh · Meta Analysis

RPEP-09241 · 2024

Semaglutide Reduces Diuretic Need by 17% in Heart Failure Patients While Improving Symptoms Across All Diuretic Groups

Weight loss consistent across diuretic groups (-6.9% to -8.8%, interaction P=0.39). KCCQ improvement greater in loop diuretic users (+9.3 vs +4.7 points, P=0.042). Loop diuretic dose decreased 17% with semaglutide vs +2.4% with placebo (P<0.0001). Semaglutide: OR 2.67 for dose reduction, OR 0.35 for dose increase. All secondary endpoints consistent across diuretic subgroups.

Shah, Sanjiv J; Sharma, Kavita; Borlaug, Barry A; Butler, Javed; Davies, Melanie; Kitzman, Dalane W; Petrie, Mark C; Verma, Subodh; Patel, Shachi; Chinnakondepalli, Khaja M; Einfeldt, Mette N; Jensen, Thomas J; Rasmussen, Søren; Asleh, Rabea; Ben-Gal, Tuvia; Kosiborod, Mikhail N · RCT

RPEP-09242 · 2024

Oral Gene Therapy Delivers GLP-1 Production from a Single Dose — Outperforming Injectable Semaglutide in Mice

Single oral GENE/PTCA dose induced endogenous GLP-1 and insulin production in mice. Maintained normoglycemia for a prolonged period. Higher therapeutic efficacy than FDA-approved injectable semaglutide and liraglutide in preclinical models. More effective than 20 insulin injections. High safety profile across all toxicology assessments.

Shahriar, S M Shatil; An, Jeong Man; Surwase, Sachin S; Lee, Dong Yun; Lee, Yong-Kyu · Animal Study

RPEP-09243 · 2024

Cardiac Natriuretic Peptides: From Heart Hormones to Biomarkers and Drug Targets

Cardiac natriuretic peptides (ANP, BNP) serve dual clinical roles: as diagnostic biomarkers for heart failure (BNP and NT-proBNP blood tests are standard of care) and as therapeutic targets (sacubitril/valsartan inhibits neprilysin to increase natriuretic peptide levels). The system encompasses peptide hormones, specific receptors (NPR-A, NPR-B, NPR-C), and processing enzymes.

Shalmi, Theodor W; Jensen, Anne Sophie B; Goetze, Jens P · Review

RPEP-09244 · 2024

GLP-1 Drugs Reduce Weight by 4.2 kg in Adolescents, with Semaglutide Most Effective

GLP-1RAs vs placebo: weight -4.21 kg (CI -7.08 to -1.35), BMI -2.11 kg/m² (CI -3.60 to -0.62). Network meta-analysis ranking: semaglutide > exenatide > liraglutide > lixisenatide for weight reduction. Longer therapy duration associated with greater reductions. Consistent effects in T2DM subgroup.

Shamim, Muhammad Aaqib; Patil, Amol N; Amin, Ulfat; Roy, Tuli; Tiwari, Krishna; Husain, Noor; Kumar, Jogender; Chenchula, Santenna; Rao, Priyanka; Ganesh, Venkata; Varthya, Shoban Babu; Singh, Surjit; Shukla, Ravindra; Rastogi, Ashu; Gandhi, Aravind P; Satapathy, Prakisini; Sah, Ranjit; Padhi, Bijaya Kumar; Dwivedi, Pradeep; Khunti, Kamlesh · Meta Analysis

RPEP-09250 · 2024

GLP-1 Drug Exendin-4 Protects Kidney Cells from Iron-Driven Damage in Diabetes

Exendin-4 suppressed ferroptosis in diabetic kidney tubular cells by activating AMPK-fatty acid metabolism signaling, reducing iron overload and lipid peroxidation through macropinocytosis-dependent cellular uptake.

Shen, Rui; Qin, Songyan; Lv, Yunhui; Liu, Dandan; Ke, Qingqing; Shi, Caifeng; Jiang, Lei; Yang, Junwei; Zhou, Yang · In Vitro

RPEP-09251 · 2024

Cryo-EM Reveals How Neuropeptide Y Binds Its Two Main Receptors Differently

Three cryo-EM structures of Gi2-coupled Y1R and Y2R with NPY revealed a conserved peptide-binding mode and an additional sub-pocket conferring ligand selectivity, with evidence of evolutionary adaptation in this selectivity region.

Shen, Siyuan; Deng, Yue; Shen, Chenglong; Chen, Haidi; Cheng, Lin; Wu, Chao; Zhao, Chang; Yang, Zhiqian; Hou, Hanlin; Wang, Kexin; Shao, Zhenhua; Deng, Cheng; Ye, Feng; Yan, Wei · In Vitro

RPEP-09252 · 2024

Liraglutide Helped Patients Still Obese After Bariatric Surgery Lose Significantly More Weight

Twelve weeks of liraglutide (1.8mg) in post-bariatric patients with persistent obesity produced 11.6% total weight loss versus 4.9% in controls, with an estimated treatment difference of 6.6% and improved metabolic outcomes.

Shen, Yuanyuan; Huang, Yuanhao; Ouyang, Yuqin; Xiang, Xinyue; Chu, Xuehui; Zhang, Bingqing; Han, Tao; Tang, Wenjuan; Feng, Wenhuan · Cohort

RPEP-09259 · 2024

Peptide-Targeted Radiation Therapy Works Well for Korean Neuroendocrine Tumor Patients, Matching Western Trial Results

Lu-177 DOTATATE PRRT in Korean NET patients achieved median PFS of 21.7 months, 20% ORR, and 88% one-year OS, with significantly better outcomes in grade 1-2 versus grade 3 tumors (HR 3.15, p=0.006).

Shin, Yeokyeong; Moon, Bo Hyun; Ryoo, Baek-Yeol; Chang, Heung-Moon; Kim, Kyu-Pyo; Hong, Yong Sang; Kim, Tae Won; Ryu, Jin-Sook; Kim, Yong-Il; Yoo, Changhoon · Cohort

RPEP-09262 · 2024

VA/DoD Headache Guidelines Now Recommend CGRP Inhibitors for Both Acute Migraine Treatment and Prevention

The 2023 VA/DoD guideline incorporates CGRP inhibitors (gepants for acute treatment, CGRP monoclonal antibodies and atogepant for prevention) as recommended options for migraine management alongside traditional treatments.

Sico, Jason J; Antonovich, Natasha M; Ballard-Hernandez, Jennifer; Buelt, Andrew C; Grinberg, Amy S; Macedo, Franz J; Pace, Ian W; Reston, James; Sall, James; Sandbrink, Friedhelm; Skop, Karen M; Stark, Thomas R; Vogsland, Rebecca; Wayman, Lisa; Ford, Aven W · Review

RPEP-09263 · 2024

Massive Study of 5.3 Million Patients Shows GLP-1 Drugs Cut Alzheimer's and Dementia Risk by 37-56%

GLP-1RAs reduced risk of Alzheimer's (RR=0.627), Lewy body dementia (RR=0.590), and vascular dementia (RR=0.438). Semaglutide specifically reduced Parkinson's risk (RR=0.574) and showed the most pronounced protective effects across all disorders.

Siddeeque, Nabeela; Hussein, Mohammad H; Abdelmaksoud, Ahmed; Bishop, Julia; Attia, Abdallah S; Elshazli, Rami M; Fawzy, Manal S; Toraih, Eman A · Cohort

RPEP-09268 · 2024

BPC 157: A Gastric Peptide That May Protect Multiple Organs by Rescuing Blood Flow During Vascular Crises

BPC 157 counteracts advanced vascular occlusion syndromes by activating collateral rescuing pathways including azygos vein direct blood flow delivery, protecting multiple organs from ischemic damage across diverse experimental models.

Sikiric, Predrag; Sever, Marko; Krezic, Ivan; Vranes, Hrvoje; Kalogjera, Luka; Smoday, Ivan Maria; Vukovic, Vlasta; Oroz, Katarina; Coric, Luka; Skoro, Marija; Kavelj, Ivana; Zubcic, Slavica; Sikiric, Suncana; Beketic Oreskovic, Lidija; Oreskovic, Ivana; Blagaic, Vladimir; Brcic, Klara; Strbe, Sanja; Staresinic, Mario; Boban Blagaic, Alenka; Skrtic, Anita; Seiwerth, Sven · Review

RPEP-09271 · 2024

Do GLP-1 Weight Loss Drugs Increase Thyroid Cancer Risk? A Meta-Analysis of 64 Trials

Across 64 randomized controlled trials, GLP-1 receptor agonist treatment was associated with a statistically significant increase in overall thyroid cancer risk, with a Mantel-Haenszel odds ratio of 1.52 (95% CI: 1.01–2.29, p=0.04). There was no significant heterogeneity between studies (I²=0%). The fragility index was just 1, meaning a single event change would eliminate statistical significance. The 5-year number needed to harm was 1,349 — meaning approximately 1 extra thyroid cancer case per 1,349 patients treated for 5 years. When restricted to trials lasting at least 104 weeks, the association strengthened slightly (OR 1.76, 95% CI: 1.00–3.12). However, neither papillary thyroid cancer (OR 1.54, p=0.22) nor medullary thyroid cancer (OR 1.44, p=0.55) reached significance individually.

Silverii, Giovanni Antonio; Monami, Matteo; Gallo, Marco; Ragni, Alberto; Prattichizzo, Francesco; Renzelli, Valerio; Ceriello, Antonio; Mannucci, Edoardo ·

RPEP-09272 · 2024

GLP-1 Drugs Protect Diabetic Rat Brains from Both Acute Stroke and Chronic Damage Better Than SGLT2 Inhibitors

Liraglutide achieved the smallest brain infarcts (2.9% vs 6.2% canagliflozin, vs 17.5% untreated DM). Both GLP-1RAs reduced hippocampal microglial activation while canagliflozin did not, indicating a unique anti-neuroinflammatory mechanism for GLP-1 drugs.

Simanenkova, Anna; Fuks, Oksana; Timkina, Natalya; Islamova, Alina; Sufieva, Dina; Kirik, Оlga; Korzhevskii, Dmitrii; Vlasov, Timur; Karonova, Tatiana · Animal Study

RPEP-09276 · 2024

GLP-1 Drugs Reshape the Gut Microbiome, Boosting Beneficial Bacteria and Reducing Inflammation

GLP-1 agonists promote beneficial gut bacteria, enhance gut barrier integrity, reduce systemic inflammation, and increase short-chain fatty acid production, collectively disrupting the obesity-dysbiosis-inflammation cycle.

Singh, Kanwarmandeep; Aulakh, Smriti K; Nijjar, Gurkamal Singh; Singh, Sumerjit; Sandhu, Ajay Pal Singh; Luthra, Shivansh; Tanvir, Fnu; Kaur, Yasmeen; Singla, Abhinandan; Kaur, Meet Sirjana · Review

RPEP-09277 · 2024

The CART Neuropeptide System Is Conserved Across All Vertebrates, Including Reptiles, and Interacts with NPY for Energy Balance

CART neuropeptide was characterized for the first time in a reptilian brain (gecko), showing >93% similarity to mammalian CART peptides and regulation by NPY via Y1 receptors in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus.

Singh, Omprakash; Basu, Sumela; Srivastava, Abhinav; Pradhan, Dipti R; Dandapat, Pallabi; Bathrachalam, Chandramohan; Singru, Praful S · Animal Study