RPEP-00080 · 1988GHK-Cu stimulated collagen synthesis in fibroblast cell cultures. The effect began at concentrations between 10 picomolar (10^-12 M) and 100 picomolar (10^-11 M), an extraordinarily low threshold.
The stimulation maximized at 1 nanomolar (10^-9 M). Above this concentration, the effect plateaued.
The collagen increase was independent of cell number changes. GHK-Cu was not simply making more cells; it was making existing cells produce more collagen.
A GHK tripeptide sequence (glycine-histidine-lysine) exists naturally within the alpha 2(I) chain of type I collagen. The authors proposed that when wounds break down collagen, proteases could release GHK fragments. These fragments would then bind copper and stimulate new collagen production at the wound site, creating a self-healing feedback loop.
Maquart, F X; Pickart, L; Laurent, M; Gillery, P; Monboisse, J C; Borel, J P · In Vitro
RPEP-00254 · 1992GHK-Cu induced dose-dependent increases in both secreted and cell-associated glycosaminoglycan synthesis by normal human fibroblasts.
Wegrowski, Y; Maquart, F X; Borel, J P · In Vitro
RPEP-00269 · 1993GHK-Cu significantly stimulated connective tissue accumulation and collagen synthesis in rat wounds in vivo, confirming its wound-healing potential first observed in cell culture.
Maquart, F X; Bellon, G; Chaqour, B; Wegrowski, J; Patt, L M; Trachy, R E; Monboisse, J C; Chastang, F; Birembaut, P; Gillery, P · Animal Study
RPEP-00316 · 1995GHK-Cu increased wound collagen (hydroxyproline), protein, DNA, and amine oxidase activity in guinea pig skin wounds, with effects requiring the peptide component, not just copper.
Buffoni, F; Pino, R; Dal Pozzo, A · Animal Study
RPEP-00426 · 1997BPC-157 enhanced all three major healing processes: granulation tissue formation, angiogenesis, and collagen synthesis.
Seiwerth, S; Sikiric, P; Grabarevic, Z; Zoricic, I; Hanzevacki, M; Ljubanovic, D; Coric, V; Konjevoda, P; Petek, M; Rucman, R; Turkovic, B; Perovic, D; Mikus, D; Jandrijevic, S; Medvidovic, M; Tadic, T; Romac, B; Kos, J; Peric, J; Kolega, Z · Animal Study
RPEP-00555 · 1999BPC-157 promoted segmental bone defect healing in rabbits with osteogenic activity comparable to IGF-1 and TGF-beta, demonstrating significant bone regeneration through angiogenic and osteoblast-stimulating mechanisms.
Sebecić, B; Nikolić, V; Sikirić, P; Seiwerth, S; Sosa, T; Patrlj, L; Grabarević, Z; Rucman, R; Petek, M; Konjevoda, P; Jadrijević, S; Perović, D; Slaj, M · Animal Study
RPEP-00560 · 1999BPC-157 promoted significantly more angiogenesis and granulation tissue formation than H2-blockers, omeprazole, or sucralfate, identifying its primary healing mechanism as enhanced new tissue growth rather than acid suppression.
Sikiric, P; Separovic, J; Anic, T; Buljat, G; Mikus, D; Seiwerth, S; Grabarevic, Z; Stancic-Rokotov, D; Pigac, B; Hanzevacki, M; Marovic, A; Rucman, R; Petek, M; Zoricic, I; Ziger, T; Aralica, G; Konjevoda, P; Prkacin, I; Gjurasin, M; Miklic, P; Artukovic, B; Tisljar, M; Bratulic, M; Mise, S; Rotkvic, I · Animal Study
RPEP-00561 · 1999BPC-157 demonstrates tissue-protective and regenerative effects across gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal, neurological, and cardiovascular systems, consistently accelerating healing through angiogenesis, anti-inflammation, and NO modulation.
Sikiric, P · Review
RPEP-00679 · 2001Topical BPC-157 cream accelerated burn wound healing (faster re-epithelialization and contraction) while simultaneously attenuating distant burn-associated gastric lesions in mice, demonstrating both local and systemic effects from topical application.
Mikus, D; Sikiric, P; Seiwerth, S; Petricevic, A; Aralica, G; Druzijancic, N; Rucman, R; Petek, M; Pigac, B; Perovic, D; Kolombo, M; Kokic, N; Mikus, S; Duplancic, B; Fattorini, I; Turkovic, B; Rotkvic, I; Mise, S; Prkacin, I; Konjevoda, P; Stambuk, N; Anic, T · Animal Study
RPEP-00748 · 2002Pathological burn stress downregulated liver glucocorticoid receptors through inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6) action, explaining cortisol resistance and uncontrolled inflammation during severe trauma.
Liu, Du-hu; Su, Yong-ping; Zhang, Wei; Lou, Shu-fen; Ran, Xin-ze; Gao, Jing-sheng; Cheng, Tian-min · Animal Study
RPEP-00858 · 2003Topical BPC-157 cream reversed methylprednisolone-induced burn wound healing impairment in mice, restoring wound closure rates during concurrent steroid treatment.
Sikiric, P; Seiwerth, S; Mise, S; Staresinic, M; Bedekovic, V; Zarkovic, N; Borovic, S; Gjurasin, M; Boban-Blagaic, A; Batelja, L; Rucman, R; Anic, T · Animal Study
RPEP-00860 · 2003BPC-157 accelerated transected Achilles tendon healing in rats (improved biomechanics and histology) and directly stimulated tendocyte proliferation in vitro, demonstrating both functional repair and cellular mechanism.
Staresinic, M; Sebecic, B; Patrlj, L; Jadrijevic, S; Suknaic, S; Perovic, D; Aralica, G; Zarkovic, N; Borovic, S; Srdjak, M; Hajdarevic, K; Kopljar, M; Batelja, L; Boban-Blagaic, A; Turcic, I; Anic, T; Seiwerth, S; Sikiric, P · Animal Study
RPEP-01007 · 2005GHK peptide incorporated into a biotinylated collagenous wound dressing accelerated rat dermal wound healing: faster wound closure, enhanced granulation tissue formation, improved collagen deposition, and better overall histological healing scores versus scaffold alone.
Arul, V; Gopinath, D; Gomathi, K; Jayakumar, R · Animal Study
RPEP-01010 · 2005Local BPC-157 application accelerated CO2 laser wound healing in mice with faster re-epithelialization and wound contraction, extending BPC-157's documented wound healing to laser-induced tissue damage relevant to surgical and cosmetic dermatology.
Bilic, M; Bumber, Z; Blagaic, A Boban; Batelja, L; Seiwerth, S; Sikiric, P · Animal Study
RPEP-01064 · 2005BPC-157 accelerated corneal epithelial defect healing in rats with faster re-epithelialization compared to controls, extending its documented tissue repair capabilities to the eye — a new organ system for BPC-157 therapeutic application.
Lazić, Ratimir; Gabrić, Nikica; Dekaris, Iva; Bosnar, Damir; Boban-Blagaić, Alenka; Sikirić, Predrag · Animal Study
RPEP-01165 · 2006Topical copper tripeptide complex (GHK-Cu) significantly accelerated healing after CO2 laser resurfacing in a double-blind, vehicle-controlled RCT, with faster re-epithelialization and improved skin quality — clinical validation of GHK-Cu for post-procedure skin recovery.
Miller, Timothy R; Wagner, Jon D; Baack, Bret R; Eisbach, Karl J · RCT
RPEP-01238 · 2007Beta-thymosins (thymosin beta-4 predominantly) regulate actin polymerization and exhibit wound healing, anti-inflammatory, angiogenic, and cardioprotective activities — a structurally and functionally distinct peptide family from thymosin alpha-1 with unique therapeutic potential.
Hannappel, E · Review
RPEP-01302 · 2007BPC-157 in IBD clinical trials supported by expanded animal evidence: heals colitis/fistulas/strictures, modulates NO and prostaglandin systems, promotes angiogenesis, and shows cytoprotection across multiple GI inflammation models — updated pre-clinical support for advancing clinical development.
Vuksic, Tihomir; Zoricic, Ivan; Brcic, Luka; Sever, Marko; Klicek, Robert; Radic, Bozo; Cesarec, Vedran; Berkopic, Lidija; Keller, Neike; Blagaic, Alenka Boban; Kokic, Neven; Jelic, Ivan; Geber, Juraj; Anic, Tomislav; Seiwerth, Sven; Sikiric, Predrag · Animal Study
RPEP-01351 · 2008Marrow mesenchymal stem cells in self-assembling peptide hydrogels produced spatially organized mineralized bone matrix resembling natural trabecular bone distribution, demonstrating peptide scaffolds can guide not just cell growth but organized bone tissue formation.
Hamada, Kazunori; Hirose, Motohiro; Yamashita, Toshihiko; Ohgushi, Hajime · In Vitro
RPEP-01360 · 2008Peptide-polymer hydrogels designed from fibrin's coiled-coil region self-assembled into scaffolds mimicking natural wound healing matrix, with tunable mechanical properties suitable for tissue engineering — bio-inspired design from the body's own clotting protein.
Jing, Peng; Rudra, Jai S; Herr, Andrew B; Collier, Joel H · In Vitro
RPEP-01366 · 2008BPC-157 (PL14736, in IBD clinical trials) effectively healed various types of healing-impaired wounds in rats including steroid-impaired, denervated, and complex soft tissue injuries — expanding its clinical development potential from IBD to wound healing indications.
Klicek, Robert; Sever, Marko; Radic, Bozo; Drmic, Domagoj; Kocman, Ivan; Zoricic, Ivan; Vuksic, Tihomir; Ivica, Mihovil; Barisic, Ivan; Ilic, Spomenko; Berkopic, Lidija; Vrcic, Hrvoje; Brcic, Luka; Blagaic, Alenka Boban; Coric, Marijana; Brcic, Iva; Rokotov, Dinko Stancic; Anic, Tomislav; Seiwerth, Sven; Sikiric, Predrag · Animal Study
RPEP-01394 · 2008BPC-157 accelerated healing of muscle crush injury in rats with improved functional recovery and histological regeneration, demonstrating efficacy for acute traumatic muscle damage — expanding its musculoskeletal healing applications beyond tendon and clean transection injuries.
Novinscak, Tomislav; Brcic, Luka; Staresinic, Mario; Jukic, Ivana; Radic, Bozo; Pevec, Danira; Mise, Sandro; Tomasovic, Sanja; Brcic, Iva; Banic, Tihomir; Jakir, Ana; Buljat, Gojko; Anic, Tomislav; Zoricic, Ivan; Romic, Zeljko; Seiwerth, Sven; Sikiric, Predrag · Animal Study
RPEP-01402 · 2008GHK-Cu comprehensively reviewed: stimulates collagen/glycosaminoglycan synthesis, wound healing, hair growth, and reprograms gene expression (1,584 genes) toward tissue repair and anti-aging — the most versatile copper-binding tripeptide in regenerative medicine.
Pickart, Loren · Review
RPEP-04883 · 2020After ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats, Substance P (5 nmol/kg injection) had specific effects on the right atrium (RA):
SP promoted expression of c-Kit, GATA4, Oct4, Nanog, and Sox2 only in the RA, not in other heart chambers. These are markers of cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) and stem cell pluripotency.
In ex vivo RA explant outgrowths, NK1R-expressing c-Kit+/Nkx2.5+/GATA4+ CPCs migrated approximately 2-fold more from SP-treated RA tissue compared to untreated I/R tissue.
SP treatment promoted CPC proliferation, migration, cardiosphere formation (3D cell clusters indicating stemness), and differentiation into cardiomyocytes.
All effects were blocked by the NK1R antagonist RP67580, confirming the SP/NK1R pathway is required. The SP/NK1R system acts as a key mediator of CPC expansion in the RA within 24 hours after ischemia/reperfusion.
This identifies the right atrium as a specific niche for SP-responsive cardiac stem cells.
Jeong, Yun-Mi; Cheng, Xian Wu; Lee, Kyung Hye; Lee, Sora; Cho, Haneul; Kim, Weon · Animal Study (Rats)
RPEP-04959 · 2020Sensory neurons from dry eye mice promoted vascular endothelial cell proliferation and tube formation via substance P signaling; blocking SP with spantide I prevented corneal neovascularization.
Liu, Lingjia; Dana, Reza; Yin, Jia · Animal
RPEP-04967 · 2020CAMP transgenic mice showed increased Salmonella resistance, restored wound healing in Camp-KO skin, and topical vitamin D induced LL-37 expression with enhanced S. aureus killing in wounds.
Lowry, Malcolm B; Guo, Chunxiao; Zhang, Yang; Fantacone, Mary L; Logan, Isabelle E; Campbell, Yan; Zhang, Weijian; Le, Mai; Indra, Arup K; Ganguli-Indra, Gitali; Xie, Jingwei; Gallo, Richard L; Koeffler, H Phillip; Gombart, Adrian F · Animal
RPEP-04973 · 2020Tβ4 promoted angiogenesis in CLI mice by upregulating VEGFA, Ang2, tie2, CD31, and α-SMA via Notch/NF-κB pathway activation, and reversed the effects of pathway inhibitors.
Lv, Shumin; Cai, Hongwen; Xu, Yifei; Dai, Jin; Rong, Xiqing; Zheng, Lanzhi · Animal
RPEP-05002 · 2020BPC-157 eye drops (0.4 μg/eye) fully counteracted tetracaine and oxybuprocaine corneal effects — restoring sensitivity, healing lesions, and normalizing tear production — even when the NO system was blocked.
Mirković, Ivan; Kralj, Tamara; Lozić, Marin; Stambolija, Vasilije; Kovačević, Josip; Vrdoljak, Luka; Zlatar, Mirna; Milanović, Kristina; Drmić, Domagoj; Predović, Jurica; Masnec, Sanja; Jurjević, Matija; Bušić, Mladen; Seiwerth, Sven; Kokot, Antonio; Sikirić, Predrag · Animal
RPEP-05084 · 2020Tβ4-treated fat grafts showed superior volume retention, weight preservation, adipocyte viability, tissue integrity, and angiogenesis at 2, 4, and 12 weeks compared to controls, with enhanced microcirculation confirmed by DCE-MRI.
Qu, Yaping; Wang, Qian; Fu, Su; Guo, Xiaoshuang; Luan, Jie; Mu, Dali · Animal Study
RPEP-05096 · 2020RNase 7 was significantly decreased in skin of diabetic patients with and without foot ulcers compared to healthy donors. Metformin reduced RNase 7 expression in keratinocytes in vitro, while calcitriol, phenyl butyrate, and L-isoleucine did not restore it.
Rodríguez-Carlos, Adrian; Trujillo, Valentin; Gonzalez-Curiel, Irma; Marin-Luevano, Sara; Torres-Juarez, Flor; Santos-Mena, Alan; Rivas-Santiago, Cesar; Enciso-Moreno, Jose A; Zaga-Clavellina, Veronica; Rivas-Santiago, Bruno · Observational
RPEP-05106 · 2020Marine collagen and its derivatives (gelatin, peptides) show versatile bioactive properties including potential for tissue engineering, wound healing, dietary supplementation for weight management and glycemic control, with growing preclinical and clinical evidence.
Salvatore, Luca; Gallo, Nunzia; Natali, Maria Lucia; Campa, Lorena; Lunetti, Paola; Madaghiele, Marta; Blasi, Federica Stella; Corallo, Angelo; Capobianco, Loredana; Sannino, Alessandro · Review
RPEP-05111 · 2020Pro-Hyp is a low molecular weight growth-initiating factor that selectively triggers proliferation of p75NTR-positive (stem cell-like) fibroblasts on collagen gel but not p75NTR-negative fibroblasts. Oral collagen/gelatin delivers Pro-Hyp to tissues and accelerates wound healing in animals and humans.
Sato, Kenji; Asai, Tomoko T; Jimi, Shiro · Review
RPEP-05131 · 2020Cathelicidin-DM from D. melanostictus demonstrated broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity via membrane disruption and wound-healing properties in both in vitro and in vivo models.
Shi, Yaoqiang; Li, Chao; Wang, Mei; Chen, Zijun; Luo, Ying; Xia, Xue-Shan; Song, Yuzhu; Sun, Yi; Zhang, A-Mei · Animal Study
RPEP-05137 · 2020BPC-157 consistently promoted fistula healing in rat models across multiple organ systems, with effects linked to its anti-ulcer, cytoprotective, and wound-healing properties as a native gastric peptide.
Sikiric, Predrag; Drmic, Domagoj; Sever, Marko; Klicek, Robert; Blagaic, Alenka B; Tvrdeic, Ante; Kralj, Tamara; Kovac, Katarina K; Vukojevic, Jaksa; Siroglavic, Marko; Gojkovic, Slaven; Krezic, Ivan; Pavlov, Katarina H; Rasic, Domagoj; Mirkovic, Ivan; Kokot, Antonio; Skrtic, Anita; Seiwerth, Sven · Review
RPEP-05138 · 2020BPC-157 demonstrates protective effects across multiple organ systems beyond the stomach, including endothelial protection, vessel recruitment around occlusions, and counteraction of cancer cachexia through modulation of FoxO3a, p-AKT, p-mTOR, and p-GSK-3β pathways.
Sikiric, Predrag; Hahm, Ki-Baik; Blagaic, Alenka Boban; Tvrdeic, Ante; Pavlov, Katarina Horvat; Petrovic, Andrea; Kokot, Antonio; Gojkovic, Slaven; Krezic, Ivan; Drmic, Domagoj; Rucman, Rudolf; Seiwerth, Sven · Review
RPEP-05186 · 2020BPC-157 reduces hippocampal ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats by counteracting oxidative stress and restoring blood vessel function during reperfusion.
Vukojević, Jakša; Vrdoljak, Borna; Malekinušić, Dominik; Siroglavić, Marko; Milavić, Marija; Kolenc, Danijela; Boban Blagaić, Alenka; Batelja, Lovorka; Drmić, Domagoj; Seiverth, Sven; Sikirić, Predrag · Animal Study
RPEP-05190 · 2020An IGF-1C domain peptide hydrogel with D-amino acid stability enhancement improves MSC survival, engraftment, and therapeutic efficacy in acute kidney injury.
Wang, Hongfeng; Shang, Yuna; Chen, Xiaoniao; Wang, Zhongyan; Zhu, Dashuai; Liu, Yue; Zhang, Chuyue; Chen, Pu; Wu, Jie; Wu, Lingling; Kong, Deling; Yang, Zhimou; Li, Zongjin; Chen, Xiangmei · Animal Study
RPEP-05212 · 2020FGLM-NH2 and SSSR promoted corneal epithelial healing through the substance P-NK-1R axis, activating Akt signaling and suppressing inflammatory cytokines IL-1α, MIP-1α, and MIP-1β. NK-1R antagonist L-733,060 abolished the healing effect.
Yanai, Ryoji; Nishida, Teruo; Hatano, Makoto; Uchi, Sho-Hei; Yamada, Naoyuki; Kimura, Kazuhiro · Animal
RPEP-05215 · 2020Tβ4-mediated corneal epithelial cell proliferation and migration are associated with increased extracellular ATP levels, P2X7 receptor-mediated calcium influx, and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. P2X7 antagonists blocked Tβ4-induced migration.
Yang, Heung-Mo; Kang, Shin Wook; Sung, Jihye; Kim, Kyeongsoon; Kleinman, Hynda · In_vitro
RPEP-05218 · 2020LL-37/chitosan hydrogel significantly reduced pressure ulcer area to 48.12% by day 15, with increased epithelial thickness, capillary density, and upregulated HIF-1α and VEGF-A expression at both mRNA and protein levels.
Yang, Xu; Guo, Jing-Lin; Han, Jing; Si, Rui-Juan; Liu, Pan-Pan; Zhang, Zi-Rui; Wang, Ai-Min; Zhang, Ju · Animal
RPEP-05283 · 2021BPC 157 at 0.01 μg/kg achieved complete healing of perforated stomach injuries by day 7 through rapid vascular restoration and NO-system modulation, outperforming pantoprazole and ranitidine.
Bilic, Z; Gojkovic, S; Kalogjera, L; Krezic, I; Malekinusic, D; Knezevic, M; Sever, M; Lojo, N; Kokot, A; Kasnik, K; Kralj, T; Vukojevic, J; Siroglavic, M; Peklic, M; Drmic, D; Milavic, M; Sikiric, S; Skorak, I; Brizic, I; Hriberski, K; Kubat, M; Vladic, J; Boban Blagaic, A; Tvrdeic, A; Skrtic, A; Seiwerth, S; Sikiric, P · Animal
RPEP-05297 · 2021Two short gecko cathelicidin-derived peptides (38-42 and 33-42 fragments) showed potent antioxidant and wound healing activity in mice with significantly lower toxicity than the parent peptide.
Cai, Shasha; Lu, Changao; Liu, Zhenlei; Wang, Wenbo; Lu, Shuxin; Sun, Zhaoxing; Wang, Guannan · Animal
RPEP-05344 · 2021Fmoc-K3 hexapeptide hydrogel achieved a storage modulus of 2,526 Pa and fully supported cell adhesion, survival, and duplication, demonstrating potential as a tissue engineering scaffold.
Diaferia, Carlo; Rosa, Elisabetta; Gallo, Enrico; Smaldone, Giovanni; Stornaiuolo, Mariano; Morelli, Giancarlo; Accardo, Antonella · In Vitro
RPEP-05365 · 2021Combination therapy using PuraMatrix peptide hydrogel, human neural progenitor cells, and nano-curcumin within a hyaluronic acid scaffold significantly increased neuro-preservation (βIII-tubulin staining) and decreased injured area (GFAP staining) after traumatic spinal cord contusion in rats.
Elkhenany, Hoda; Bonilla, Pablo; Giraldo, Esther; Alastrue Agudo, Ana; Edel, Michael J; Vicent, María Jesus; Roca, Fernando Gisbert; Ramos, Cristina Martínez; Doblado, Laura Rodríguez; Pradas, Manuel Monleón; Manzano, Victoria Moreno · Animal
RPEP-05370 · 2021Maternal TB4 treatment (6 mg/kg on days E14 and E17) increased newborn cranio-caudal length and accelerated development of lungs, heart, kidneys, cerebral cortex, and notochord compared to control newborns.
Faa, G; Piras, M; Mancuso, L; Coni, P; Pichiri, G; Orrù, G; Fanni, D; Gerosa, C; Cao, G; Taibi, R; Pavone, P; Castagnola, M · Animal
RPEP-05379 · 2021A mussel foot protein-5 derived peptide has cryptic antibacterial activity. The resulting MIKA2 hydrogel kills drug-resistant Gram-positive bacteria via dual mechanisms (membrane disruption + H₂O₂ production) and inhibited titanium implant colonization in mice.
Fichman, Galit; Andrews, Caroline; Patel, Nimit L; Schneider, Joel P · In Vitro + Animal
RPEP-05382 · 2021Fmoc-DIKVAV and Fmoc-FRGDF peptides combined with agarose form hybrid hydrogels with tunable structural morphology and reinforced mechanical properties at mid-range agarose concentrations, providing tissue-specific biomaterial design capability.
Firipis, Kate; Boyd-Moss, Mitchell; Long, Benjamin; Dekiwadia, Chaitali; Hoskin, William; Pirogova, Elena; Nisbet, David R; Kapsa, Robert M I; Quigley, Anita F; Williams, Richard J · In Vitro (Materials Science)
RPEP-05443 · 2021Bio-inspired short peptide hydrogels demonstrated versatile encapsulation of diverse bioactive molecules with controlled release properties, applicable to drug delivery and tissue engineering.
Hiew, Shu Hui; Wang, Jun Kit; Koh, Kenrick; Yang, Haibo; Bacha, Abbas; Lin, Junquan; Yip, Yun Sheng; Vos, Marcus Ivan Gerard; Chen, Liyan; Sobota, Radoslaw M; Tan, Nguan Soon; Tay, Chor Yong; Miserez, Ali · In Vitro Study
RPEP-05570 · 2021TK-CATH: first anionic cathelicidin (net charge -3). No direct antimicrobial activity. Potent anti-inflammatory (inhibited LPS-induced cytokines via MAPK). Promoted wound healing: cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, keratinocyte motility/proliferation, and accelerated full-thickness wound repair in mice.
Luo, Xuanjin; Ouyang, Jianhong; Wang, Yan; Zhang, Minghui; Fu, Lei; Xiao, Ning; Gao, Lianghui; Zhang, Peng; Zhou, Jiang; Wang, Yipeng · Animal Study
RPEP-05625 · 2021αCT1-treated scars showed significantly less collagen fiber alignment compared to vehicle-control treated wounds within the same patient at 29 days post-wounding — a pattern resembling unwounded skin rather than typical scar tissue.
The mechanism was traced to αCT1 causing decreased directionality of fibroblast movement during wound closure, which was demonstrated in both mouse and human fibroblast scratch wound assays. An agent-based computational model parameterized with the motility data successfully predicted the collagen alignment patterns observed in human and animal experiments. Phase II clinical trials had previously reported 47% improvement in scar appearance at 9 months post-surgery.
Montgomery, Jade; Richardson, William J; Marsh, Spencer; Rhett, J Matthew; Bustos, Francis; Degen, Katherine; Ghatnekar, Gautam S; Grek, Christina L; Jourdan, L Jane; Holmes, Jeffrey W; Gourdie, Robert G · Clinical Trial