Browse more peptide research, methods and limitations.
AMP-IBP5 demonstrated dual antimicrobial activity against drug-resistant bacteria and wound-healing acceleration through growth factor signaling in a single multifunctional peptide.
Abudouwanli, Alafate; Peng, Ge; Yang, Mengyao; Zhao, Wanchen; Sun, Quan; Wang, Shan; Tan, Yi; Ikeda, Arisa; Ogawa, Hideoki; Okumura, Ko; Niyonsaba, François · Review
Semaglutide significantly improved beta-cell function measures including insulin secretion capacity and glucose-stimulated insulin response in T2D adults.
Abusedera, Omar; Sherif, Jana; Smida, Malak; Fredericks, Salim · Meta Analysis
Case report documenting pregnancy outcome after high-dose liraglutide exposure in an obese woman, contributing to the limited safety evidence for GLP-1 drugs in pregnancy.
Abushanab, Dina; Mohammed, Haseebur Rahman; Abdul Rouf, Palli Valappila; Thomas, Binny; Al-Badriyeh, Daoud; Elkassem, Wessam; Al-Mohannadi, Halima; Hanssens, Yolande; Khan, Shabina; Mohammed, Shaban; Al Hail, Moza · Case Series
Comparative analysis of thyroid cancer associations between GLP-1 agonists and DPP-4 inhibitors provides class-specific risk data for incretin-based therapies.
Acheampong, Clement O; Buse, John B; Klein, Klara R; Kim, Lawrence T; Evron, Joshua; Kahkoska, Anna R; Thompson, Caroline A; Wang, Tiansheng; Pate, Virginia; Leese, Peter; Stürmer, Til · Cohort
Neem seed protein hydrolysates containing bioactive peptides alleviated iron-induced cardiac injury through antioxidant, iron-chelating, and anti-inflammatory mechanisms.
Acho, Marvellous A; Erukainure, Ochuko L; Salau, Veronica F; Osemwegie, Osarenkhoe O; Amonsou, Eric; Arise, Rotimi O · In Vitro
BNP is a versatile cardiovascular biomarker with diagnostic and prognostic value across heart failure, coronary disease, atrial fibrillation, pulmonary hypertension, and cardiac surgery.
Achorn, Angela M; Hodo, Carolyn L; Hensel, Martha E; Magden, Elizabeth R; Buchl, Stephanie J; Jones, Charla L; Piatt, Elizabeth A; Hopkins, William D · Cohort
Tirzepatide demonstrated efficacy and safety in an open-label proof-of-concept study, expanding the evidence base for this dual GLP-1/GIP agonist in a new patient population.
Acosta-Madiedo, Ana Sofia; Gutierrez, Marcela; Gutierrez, Martha; Villacampa, Alan; Kerdel, Francisco · Cohort
L. rhamnosus D1 fermented milk upregulated gut defensin production, protecting mice from Salmonella typhi infection through enhanced innate antimicrobial peptide defense.
Acurcio, Leonardo; Sandes, Sávio; Rios, Diego; Sant'Anna, Felipe; Pedroso, Silvia; Bastos, Rafael; Souza, Marcelo; Nicoli, Jacques · Animal Study
Fractionated chicken by-product hydrolysates showed enhanced ACE-inhibitory activity compared to the unfractionated mixture, identifying specific peptide fractions with potent antihypertensive properties.
Adaile-Pérez, Vianey Monsserrat; Thibodeau, Jacinthe; Ortiz-Basurto, Rosa Isela; de Lourdes García-Magaña, María; Bazinet, Laurent · In Vitro
Patients on tirzepatide reported significant weight loss benefits alongside practical challenges including GI side effects, dietary adjustments, psychological adaptation, and long-term concerns.
Adam, Shukri; Ibrahim, Fatma M; Dabou, Eman Abdelaziz Ahmed; Pitre, Sneha; Aiman, Rania; AbdelSamad, Shimaa · Cohort
Real-world prospective data confirms tirzepatide produces significant short-term weight loss and metabolic improvements in obese adults, consistent with clinical trial efficacy.
Adamidis, Nikos; Desalermos, Athanasios; Papadopoulou, Nektaria; Adamidi, Sofia; Koutrakos, Theodoros; Kyventidou, Maria; Georgakopoulou, Vasiliki E; Adamidis, Sotirios · Cohort
Short food-derived peptides (GP, RGDS, SY) demonstrated dual ACE and DPP-4 inhibitory activity, with molecular docking characterizing their binding mechanisms.
Adanas, Resul; Turkoglu, Vedat · In Vitro
GLP-1 receptor agonist use was associated with improved alcohol use disorder outcomes in post-Roux-en-Y gastric bypass patients.
Adeniran, Olanrewaju; Nieto, Luis M; Amadi, Chima; Shepherd, Katherine; Kirkpatrick, Joshua; Farah, Kanith; Marwizi, Farirai; Alqinai, Budoor; Narvaez, Sharon I; Mensah, Samuel; Adekolu, Ayowumi; Cohen, Ethan M; Khan, Raja S; Gayam, Swapna; Tabone, Lawrence E; Davisson, Laura · Cohort
Multiple tripeptides (GHK-Cu, RGD, KPV, and others) promote wound healing through distinct mechanisms including collagen synthesis, cell migration, anti-inflammation, and growth factor activation.
Adnan, Siti Balqis; Maarof, Manira; Fauzi, Mh Busra; Fadilah, Nur Izzah Md · Review
CRISPR-targeted Y2 receptor deletion in specific neurons revealed its essential, non-redundant role in a brain circuit, advancing precision understanding of NPY signaling.
Adnani, Mina; Hong, Sung-Hyeok; Galli, Susana; Mahajan, Akanksha; Lu, Congyi; Abualsaud, Nouran; Biermann, Tyler; Li, Yiwen; Rivera, Andrea; Sebsebie, Bethel S; Caprio, Lindsay; Kuwahara, Lindsey; Krawczyk, Ewa; Tilan, Jason U; Lee, Yichen; Rodriguez, Olga; Wang, Hongkun; Jin, Lu; Regan, Maureen; de Assis, Sonia; Albanese, Christopher; Pack, Svetlana D; Cavalli, Luciane R; Kitlinska, Joanna · Animal Study
Glioblastoma exploits neuropeptide signaling (NPY, substance P, others) for tumor growth, invasion, and immune evasion, revealing potential therapeutic targets.
Afridi, Shahid; Muzzammil, Mohd; Ali, Intezar; Shahi, Mehdi H · Review
GLP-1 drugs may benefit mast cell activation syndrome through anti-inflammatory effects on mast cells and immune modulation, addressing an unmet need.
Afrin, Lawrence B; Weinstock, Leonard B; Dempsey, Tania T; Aschenbrenner, Katja; Blitshteyn, Svetlana; Schofield, Jill R · Review
GLP-1 obesity drugs generally meet cost-effectiveness thresholds when long-term complication prevention and quality of life improvements are factored into the analysis.
Afshari, Somaye; Khosravi, Majid; Zamandi, Mahmood; Rezapour, Aziz; Hadian, Marziye; Souresrafil, Aghdas; Mazaheri, Elaheh; Gallehzan, Nasrin Abolhasanbeigi · Review
Human adipose-derived stem cells effectively killed LL-37-resistant bacteria through alternative antimicrobial mechanisms, overcoming cathelicidin resistance.
Afzal Haghjoo, Parisa; Mojtahedi, Ali; Ansar, Malek Moien; Ansar, Malek Masoud; Danesh Mobarhan, Safieh · In Vitro
Exercise and GLP-1 drugs both improve T2D in rats through complementary mechanisms — exercise via muscle insulin sensitivity, GLP-1 via beta-cell function and anti-inflammation — supporting combination approaches.
Afzal, Sumera; Attique, Hira; Hameed, Abdul; Farooqui, Sumaira Imran; Amjad, Sofia · Review
Semaglutide and other incretin therapies significantly reduced circulating inflammatory cytokines in T2D, providing mechanistic evidence for multi-organ protective effects beyond glycemic control.
Agareva, Margarita; Michurina, Svetlana; Tomilova, Alina; Shestakova, Ekaterina; Voznesenskaya, Anastasia; Sineokaya, Maria; Zubkova, Ekaterina; Ratner, Elizaveta; Stafeev, Iurii; Parfyonova, Yelena; Shestakova, Marina · Cohort
GLP-1 drugs provide proven benefits across cardiovascular, kidney, and weight domains, with newer dual and triple agonists potentially expanding these multi-organ effects.
Agarwal, Arnav; Mustafa, Reem; Manja, Veena; Agoritsas, Thomas; Macdonald, Helen; Li, Sheyu; Foroutan, Farid; Rayner, Daniel; Rodriguez-Gutierrez, René; Åsvold, Bjørn Olav; Heen, Anja Fog; Gabi, Jenan; Guo, Lixin; Hao, Qiukui; Jeppesen, Britta Tendel; Jha, Vivekanand; Nagler, Evi; Odom, Adrienne; Rodondi, Nicolas; Shetty, Sahana; Vermandere, Mieke; Wright, Robin; Guyatt, Gordon; Vandvik, Per Olav · Review
Molecular dynamics revealed SNAC creates local pH changes that protect semaglutide from degradation and promote gastric transcellular absorption, explaining fasting requirements and variable bioavailability.
Agarwal, Palak Nitin; Haworth, Ian S · In Vitro
Baseline GLP-1 RA use enhanced albuminuria reduction when combined with additional kidney-protective therapy, with maintained safety profile.
Agarwal, Rajiv; Green, Jennifer B; Heerspink, Hiddo J L; Mann, Johannes F E; McGill, Janet B; Mottl, Amy K; Nangaku, Masaomi; Rosenstock, Julio; Vaduganathan, Muthiah; Brinker, Meike; Scott, Charlie; Li, Li; Li, Na; Rohwedder, Katja; Rossing, Peter · RCT
SA-XV, a 15-amino acid S100A12 fragment, killed bacteria through a novel mechanism targeting mitochondria-like energy systems rather than the conventional membrane disruption approach.
Agarwal, Riddhi; Biswas, Karishma; Agrawal, Akshita; Shankar, Nisha Nandhini; Kundu, Srijita; Roy, Dipanwita; Son, DeokHyun; Harikishore, Amaravadhi; Yennamalli, Ragothaman M; Lee, DongKuk; Bhunia, Anirban; Roy, Sanhita · In Vitro
Synthetic frog-derived peptides demonstrated potent anti-infective activity specifically against Gram-negative bacteria, the most drug-resistant bacterial group.
Ageitos, Lucía; Boaro, Andreia; Cesaro, Angela; Torres, Marcelo D T; Broset, Esther; de la Fuente-Nunez, Cesar · In Vitro
PRRT with radiolabeled somatostatin analogs was safe and effective for neuroendocrine tumors in MEN patients, extending this peptide-targeted therapy to a complex and underserved population.
Aggarwal, Piyush; Satapathy, Swayamjeet; Kaur, Gurjeet; Sood, Ashwani; Bhadada, Sanjay Kumar; Walia, Rama; Gupta, Rajesh; Mittal, Bhagwant Rai · Case Series
Molecular modeling and AI approaches including ML prediction, molecular docking, and dynamics simulations are dramatically accelerating bioactive peptide discovery and optimization.
Agoni, Clement; Fernández-Díaz, Raúl; Timmons, Patrick Brendan; Adelfio, Alessandro; Gómez, Hansel; Shields, Denis C · Review
GLP-1 drugs can effectively treat prediabetes and potentially prevent T2D progression, but cost, lifelong treatment necessity, and population-level feasibility remain major barriers.
Agrawal, Rajesh · Review
Natural products with dual-target GLP-1 modulation (enhanced secretion + DPP-4 inhibition) identified from plants, foods, and marine sources.
Agu, Peter Chinedu; Yudas, Appolonia Fulgence; Lu, Jun · Review
Defensin-rich fraction from Capsicum chinense fruits showed broad antimicrobial activity against multiple bacterial and fungal pathogens.
Aguieiras, Mariana C L; Mello, Érica O; Resende, Larissa M; Taveira, Gabriel B; Souza, Thaynã A M; Cherene, Milena B; Oliveira, Arielle P B F; Nagano, Celso S; Chaves, Renata P; Carvalho, Andre O; Rodrigues, Rosana; Trindade, Fernanda; Cunha, Maura Da; Gomes, Valdirene M · In Vitro
Allodynia and dysesthesia identified as previously unreported neurological side effects of semaglutide and tirzepatide, likely related to GLP-1/GIP receptor effects on sensory neurons.
Ahern, Susan · Case Series
Hesperidin protected against trigeminal nerve damage and reduced CGRP levels in an NTG-induced migraine model, demonstrating a natural compound that modulates the CGRP migraine pathway.
Ahlatcı, Adem; Yıldızhan, Kenan; Keleş, Ömer Faruk; Bayir, Mehmet Hafit; Çınar, Ramazan · Animal Study
GLP-1 drugs improve patient-reported quality of life across multiple domains while also reducing all-cause and cardiovascular mortality.
Ahmad, B; Kumar Singh, P; Shah, R J; Hammad Arif, M; Goel, A; Saeed, M; Omar Saleh, A; Amer, S E; Mukhlis, M; Ahmed Waqas, S; Ahmed, R · Meta Analysis
GLP-1 drugs reduced intracranial pressure and improved symptoms in IIH, likely through weight loss addressing the condition's primary obesity-related driver.
Ahmad, Jamal; Hamdy, Ahmed Mohamed; Elfakharany, Bahaa; Elsharkawy, Muhammad M; El-Samahy, Mohamed; Shehata, Mazen Momtaz; Moubarak, Elsayed S · Meta Analysis
GLP-1 drugs provide significant cardiovascular protection in non-diabetic populations, primarily evidenced by the SELECT trial showing 20% cardiovascular event reduction with semaglutide.
Ahmad, Maria; Sikandar, Ayesha; Aziz, Abdul; Bachar Al Sumodi, Wisam; Hans, Aakash; Usman, Muhammad · Review
GLP-1 drugs improved periodontal disease and peri-implant outcomes through anti-inflammatory, metabolic, and bone-protective mechanisms.
Ahmad, Paras; Estrin, Nathan; Farshidfar, Nima; Zhang, Yufeng; Miron, Richard J · Cohort
Menthol-thymol deep eutectic solvent combined with solid lipid nanoparticles synergistically enhanced transdermal peptide delivery through complementary skin penetration mechanisms.
Ahmad, Shabir; Czyrski, Grzegorz S; Janfelt, Christian; Baud, Stéphanie; Fresta, Massimo; Heinz, Andrea · In Vitro
Additional NAION cases reported in semaglutide patients, contributing to pharmacovigilance data on this potential safety signal for GLP-1 drugs.
Ahmadi, Hamid; Hamann, Steffen · Case Series
The placenta functions as a temporary endocrine organ producing multiple peptide hormones — including human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), human placental lactogen (hPL), and placental growth hormone (hPGH) — that are essential for maintaining pregnancy, supporting fetal growth, and driving metabolic adaptations in the mother. Dysregulation of these hormones is linked to pregnancy complications. The review highlights that despite decades of research, how these hormones are processed and secreted within the placenta's unique syncytiotrophoblast structure remains poorly understood. The interplay between constitutive (continuous) and regulated (on-demand) secretion pathways adds complexity. Emerging 2D and 3D placental models are beginning to provide new insights into these trafficking mechanisms.
Ahmadi, Sadia M; Perez, Maira L; Guardia, Carlos M · Review
Both SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 drugs reduce MACE, but with different strengths: SGLT2 for heart failure/kidney, GLP-1 for atherosclerotic events.
Ahmed, Ali Abdelhaleem Omar; Ahmed, Omer Abdalhaleem Omer; Ahmed, Reem Abdelhaleem Omar; Ahmed, Rana Abdelhaleem Omar; Mohammed, Mawahib Ahmed Eltayeb Abdullah; Ahmed, Yara; Abbas, Mahmood; Ibrahim, Mamdoh Abbas Ali; Abakar, Mugtaba Eltag Mohammed; Dahab, Kamal Eldeen M; Elbashir, Roaa Mohamed Ali; Mohamed, Khalid H; Mansour, Maram Adil · Meta Analysis
GLP-1 drugs, DPP-4 inhibitors, and SGLT2 inhibitors provide comparable glucose control to insulin with additional weight, cardiovascular, and kidney benefits.
Ahmed, Ammar; Tan, Zi; Abd El-Radi, Waddah; Rajamani, Krishnakumar · Meta Analysis
Recurrent acute pancreatitis in a semaglutide-treated patient involved both metabolic and idiopathic triggers, highlighting the importance of pancreatitis monitoring during GLP-1 therapy.
Ahmed, Fahamina; Chester, Taylor; Sarwar, Shaina · Case Series
Significant racial/ethnic disparities exist in GLP-1 drug prescribing, with minority patients less likely to receive these medications despite higher cardiometabolic risk.
Ahmed, Fahamina; Borghol, Amne; Grady, Madison; Rivera, Lauren; Meyers, Sierra; Olet, Susan · Cohort
Study assessed tirzepatide's ability to reduce total daily insulin dose in T1D adults, exploring GLP-1/GIP agonism as insulin-sparing therapy.
Ahmed, Mayeesha; Pierson, Emily; Webster, Molly · Cohort
Low GIP levels correlated with reduced appetite after body contouring surgery, suggesting GIP signaling plays a role in post-surgical appetite regulation.
Ahmed, Mohamed Badie; Syed, Asma; Doi, Suhail A; Badran, Saif; Alsherawi, Abeer; Al-Mohannadi, Fatima Saoud; Khoogaly, Hoda; Abou-Samra, Abdul-Badi; Habib, Abdella M · Cohort
GRU4ACE deep learning model improved ACE-inhibitory peptide prediction accuracy by integrating multiple sequence features through gated recurrent unit architecture.
Ahmed, Saeed; Schaduangrat, Nalini; Chumnanpuen, Pramote; Shoombuatong, Watshara · In Vitro
GLP-1 receptor agonists were associated with reduced abdominal aortic aneurysm risk, likely through anti-inflammatory effects on vascular wall integrity.
Ahn, Hyunjun; Kaelber, David C; Hoell, Nicholas; Ambani, Ravi; Quatromoni, Jon G; Khalifeh, Ali; Kirksey, Lee; Hanak, Courtney; Cameron, Scott J; Lyden, Sean P; Caputo, Francis J · Cohort
Protein nano-crystalline hydrogel provided sustained release of immune-activating extracellular vesicles at the tumor site, enhancing cancer immunotherapy through prolonged immune stimulation.
Ahn, Wonkyung; Han, Jihoon; Kim, Nayeon; Hwang, Yeong Ha; Kim, Wonjun; Lee, Yeram; Lee, Dong Yun; Cheong, In Woo; Han, Koohee; Nam, Gi-Hoon; Kim, In-San; Lee, Eun Jung · In Vitro
Ubrogepant demonstrated acceptable safety and tolerability in migraine patients with cardiovascular risk factors, without increased cardiovascular events.
Ailani, Jessica; Lipton, Richard B; Blumenfeld, Andrew M; Mechtler, Laszlo; Klein, Brad C; He, Molly Yizeng; Smith, Jonathan H; Trugman, Joel M; de Abreu Ferreira, Rosa; Brand-Schieber, Elimor · RCT