Browse more peptide research, methods and limitations.
AMPs amplify psoriatic inflammation by enhancing recognition of self-DNA/RNA as damage-associated molecular patterns, triggering interferon production from dendritic cells and keratinocytes.
Takahashi, Toshiya; Yamasaki, Kenshi · Review
Substance P promotes Treg dysfunction in DED, and NK1R antagonist treatment restores Treg function, suppresses Th17 responses, and ameliorates disease severity in mice.
Taketani, Yukako; Marmalidou, Anna; Dohlman, Thomas H; Singh, Rohan Bir; Amouzegar, Afsaneh; Chauhan, Sunil K; Chen, Yihe; Dana, Reza · Animal Study
A food-grade L. lactis strain successfully produces a chimeric lactoferrin-derived antimicrobial peptide with broad antibacterial and antibiofilm activity, stable after boiling.
Tanhaeian, Abbas; Mirzaii, Mehdi; Pirkhezranian, Zana; Sekhavati, Mohammad Hadi · In Vitro
RMT strategies using CPPs, targeting peptides, or antibodies that bind TfR, LDLR, or InsR on brain endothelial cells can overcome the BBB and deliver therapeutics to the brain.
Tashima, Toshihiko · Review
LL-37 and ADAMTSL5 autoantibodies are strongly associated with psoriatic arthritis, establishing psoriasis as an autoimmune disease with specific peptide autoantigens.
Ten Bergen, Lisa Lynn; Petrovic, Aleksandra; Aarebrot, Anders Krogh; Appel, Silke · Review
A mucoadhesive freeze-dried insert formulation (HPMC/T2/HA/hLF 1-11) provides sustained release of the lactoferrin-derived antimicrobial peptide with maintained stability.
Terreni, Eleonora; Burgalassi, Susi; Chetoni, Patrizia; Tampucci, Silvia; Zucchetti, Erica; Fais, Roberta; Ghelardi, Emilia; Lupetti, Antonella; Monti, Daniela · In Vitro
A macrocyclic stapled peptide binds the LDH tetramerization site and competes with the natural tetramerization domain, disrupting enzyme assembly.
Thabault, Léopold; Brisson, Lucie; Brustenga, Chiara; Martinez Gache, Santiago A; Prévost, Julien R C; Kozlova, Arina; Spillier, Quentin; Liberelle, Maxime; Benyahia, Zohra; Messens, Joris; Copetti, Tamara; Sonveaux, Pierre; Frédérick, Raphaël · In Vitro
PNDD1 delivers the c-Myc inhibitor peptide H1 to the nucleus and inhibits c-Myc-dependent transcription at nanomolar concentration, far exceeding the activity of H1 with conventional CPPs.
Ting, Trinda Anne; Chaumet, Alexandre; Bard, Frederic Andre · In Vitro
Peptide-specific IgG responses correlated with overall survival (P < .01), and median OS was 24.4 months in the 10 patients who completed vaccination — notable for refractory mTNBC.
Toh, Uhi; Sakurai, Sayaka; Saku, Shuko; Takao, Yuko; Okabe, Mina; Iwakuma, Nobutaka; Shichijo, Shigeki; Yamada, Akira; Itoh, Kyogo; Akagi, Yoshito · Clinical Trial
Hyaluronic acid modified with octaarginine enables nasal absorption of protein drugs with ~20% bioavailability, independent of the drug's chemical properties, matching the SNAC enhancer used in oral semaglutide.
Tomono, Takumi; Yagi, Haruya; Ukawa, Masami; Ishizaki, Seiya; Miwa, Takahiro; Nonomura, Mao; Igi, Ryoji; Kumagai, Hironori; Miyata, Kohei; Tobita, Etsuo; Kobayashi, Hideo; Sakuma, Shinji · Animal Study
Polybia-CP derivatives with optimized helicity and charge show potent antiplasmodial and anticancer activity while having reduced general toxicity compared to the wild-type peptide.
Torres, Marcelo D T; Silva, Adriana F; Andrade, Gislaine P; Pedron, Cibele N; Cerchiaro, Giselle; Ribeiro, Anderson O; Oliveira, Vani X; de la Fuente-Nunez, Cesar · In Vitro
Eliminating ghrelin receptor constitutive activity in mice reveals that baseline GHSR signaling, independent of ghrelin, contributes to metabolic regulation and may explain some effects previously attributed to ghrelin itself.
Torz, Lola J; Osborne-Lawrence, Sherri; Rodriguez, Juan; He, Zhenyan; Cornejo, María Paula; Mustafá, Emilio Román; Jin, Chunyu; Petersen, Natalia; Hedegaard, Morten A; Nybo, Maja; Damonte, Valentina Martínez; Metzger, Nathan P; Mani, Bharath K; Williams, Kevin W; Raingo, Jesica; Perello, Mario; Holst, Birgitte; Zigman, Jeffrey M · Animal Study
Enzymatic ligation of two venom peptides targeting different NaV1.7 binding sites creates a bivalent inhibitor with enhanced sodium channel blockade.
Tran, Hue N T; Tran, Poanna; Deuis, Jennifer R; Agwa, Akello J; Zhang, Alan H; Vetter, Irina; Schroeder, Christina I · In Vitro
Automated flow synthesis produces 30-mer cancer neoantigen peptides in under 35 minutes with clinical-grade quality, enabling rapid personalized vaccine manufacturing.
Truex, Nicholas L; Holden, Rebecca L; Wang, Bin-You; Chen, Pu-Guang; Hanna, Stephanie; Hu, Zhuting; Shetty, Keerthi; Olive, Oriol; Neuberg, Donna; Hacohen, Nir; Keskin, Derin B; Ott, Patrick A; Wu, Catherine J; Pentelute, Bradley L · Methods Paper
Once-weekly GLP-1 RAs have manageable safety profiles dominated by gastrointestinal side effects, with differences between agents that inform treatment selection.
Trujillo, Jennifer · Review
Arginine-modified melanoma peptide self-assembles with CpG adjuvant into nanoparticles that enhance antigen presentation and slow tumor growth in mice.
Tsai, Shannon J; Amerman, Allie; Jewell, Christopher M · Animal Study
Human AMPs have dual roles in autoimmune diseases — they can both promote inflammation (e.g., LL-37 in psoriasis) and suppress it (e.g., defensins in some contexts), depending on the disease and immune environment.
Umnyakova, Ekaterina S; Zharkova, Maria S; Berlov, Mikhail N; Shamova, Olga V; Kokryakov, Vladimir N · Review
Long-acting GLP-1 RAs are cardiovascularly safe, with liraglutide, semaglutide, and dulaglutide demonstrating significant cardiovascular risk reduction in outcome trials.
Urquhart, Scott; Willis, Stephen · Review
Liraglutide improved cognitive function in the memory domain in obese patients with prediabetes or early T2D, independent of weight loss effects.
Vadini, Francesco; Simeone, Paola G; Boccatonda, Andrea; Guagnano, Maria T; Liani, Rossella; Tripaldi, Romina; Di Castelnuovo, Augusto; Cipollone, Francesco; Consoli, Agostino; Santilli, Francesca · Randomized Controlled Trial
Bariatric surgery's metabolic benefits are mediated by altered gut peptide hormone secretion, particularly increased GLP-1 and PYY, rather than simple caloric restriction.
Valentí, Víctor; Cienfuegos, Javier A; Becerril Mañas, Sara; Frühbeck, Gema · Review
The free energy perturbation-based protocol accurately predicts relative binding free energies for different stapled peptide variants, enabling rational staple position selection.
Valiente, Pedro A; Becerra, David; Kim, Philip M · Computational
Human platelets and megakaryocytes express defensin alpha 1, adding to the antimicrobial peptide repertoire of these blood cells.
Valle-Jiménez, Xareni; Ramírez-Cosmes, Adriana; Aquino-Domínguez, Alba Soledad; Sánchez-Peña, Francisco; Bustos-Arriaga, José; Romero-Tlalolini, María De Los Ángeles; Torres-Aguilar, Honorio; Serafín-López, Jeanet; Aguilar Ruíz, Sergio Roberto · In Vitro
CRF family peptides and their two receptor subtypes mediate stress responses across multiple organ systems, with dysregulation conferring vulnerability to psychiatric and physical disorders.
Vasconcelos, Mailton; Stein, Dirson J; Gallas-Lopes, Matheus; Landau, Luane; de Almeida, Rosa Maria M · Review
ARNI therapy boosts BNP, ANP, and CNP levels through neprilysin inhibition, explaining its superior outcomes in HFrEF through enhanced natriuretic peptide-mediated cardioprotection.
Vasquez, Nestor; Carter, Spencer; Grodin, Justin L · Review
CPP-conjugated morpholino oligomers enable in situ live-cell molecular imaging of dengue virus replication, providing both spatial and temporal information simultaneously.
Victorio, Carla Bianca Luena; Novera, Wisna; Tham, Jing Yang; Watanabe, Satoru; Vasudevan, Subhash G; Chacko, Ann-Marie · In Vitro
Chronological aging increases CGRP and substance P in lumbar DRG neurons, with concurrent signs of sensitization and inflammation that parallel disc degeneration.
Vincent, Kathleen; Dona, Chethana Prabodhanie Gallage; Albert, Todd J; Dahia, Chitra Lekha · Animal Study
BPC-157 reduces hippocampal ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats by counteracting oxidative stress and restoring blood vessel function during reperfusion.
Vukojević, Jakša; Vrdoljak, Borna; Malekinušić, Dominik; Siroglavić, Marko; Milavić, Marija; Kolenc, Danijela; Boban Blagaić, Alenka; Batelja, Lovorka; Drmić, Domagoj; Seiverth, Sven; Sikirić, Predrag · Animal Study
CPPs enhance viral nanoparticle gene delivery efficiency, with different CPP types showing distinct effects on nanoparticle activity and stability.
Váňová, Jana; Hejtmánková, Alžběta; Žáčková Suchanová, Jiřina; Sauerová, Pavla; Forstová, Jitka; Hubálek Kalbáčová, Marie; Španielová, Hana · In Vitro
The CD4/CD8 T cell ratio is a prognostic factor for IgG nonresponders among peptide vaccine-treated ovarian cancer patients, identifying survivors who benefit despite no antibody response.
Waki, Kayoko; Kawano, Kouichiro; Tsuda, Naotake; Komatsu, Nobukazu; Yamada, Akira · Clinical Trial
An IGF-1C domain peptide hydrogel with D-amino acid stability enhancement improves MSC survival, engraftment, and therapeutic efficacy in acute kidney injury.
Wang, Hongfeng; Shang, Yuna; Chen, Xiaoniao; Wang, Zhongyan; Zhu, Dashuai; Liu, Yue; Zhang, Chuyue; Chen, Pu; Wu, Jie; Wu, Lingling; Kong, Deling; Yang, Zhimou; Li, Zongjin; Chen, Xiangmei · Animal Study
Hydrocarbon stapling of A4K14-citropin 1.1 improved structural stability and enhanced antitumor activity compared to the linear parent peptide.
Wang, Nan; Xie, Gang; Liu, Chao; Cong, Wei; He, Shipeng; Li, Yinghua; Fan, Li; Hu, Hong-Gang · In Vitro
Collagen peptides from redlip croaker scales, particularly the neutrase hydrolysate, show strong antioxidant activity and cytoprotective effects on liver cells.
Wang, Wan-Yi; Zhao, Yu-Qin; Zhao, Guo-Xu; Chi, Chang-Feng; Wang, Bin · In Vitro
Splenic tumor-specific CD8 T cells activated by peptide vaccination express high PD-1 but remain functional, and PD-1 blockade enhances their anti-tumor activity.
Wang, Zili; Chen, Ting; Lin, Wanzun; Zheng, Weili; Chen, Junying; Huang, Fei; Xie, Xianhe · Animal
An integrated model combining peptide presentation and recognition features filtered out 98% of non-immunogenic peptides with precision above 0.70, and was validated in an independent cohort of 310 epitopes.
Wells, Daniel K; van Buuren, Marit M; Dang, Kristen K; Hubbard-Lucey, Vanessa M; Sheehan, Kathleen C F; Campbell, Katie M; Lamb, Andrew; Ward, Jeffrey P; Sidney, John; Blazquez, Ana B; Rech, Andrew J; Zaretsky, Jesse M; Comin-Anduix, Begonya; Ng, Alphonsus H C; Chour, William; Yu, Thomas V; Rizvi, Hira; Chen, Jia M; Manning, Patrice; Steiner, Gabriela M; Doan, Xengie C; Merghoub, Taha; Guinney, Justin; Kolom, Adam; Selinsky, Cheryl; Ribas, Antoni; Hellmann, Matthew D; Hacohen, Nir; Sette, Alessandro; Heath, James R; Bhardwaj, Nina; Ramsdell, Fred; Schreiber, Robert D; Schumacher, Ton N; Kvistborg, Pia; Defranoux, Nadine A · In_vitro
The d-Pro-l-Pro motif permitted rational design of cell-permeable cyclic peptides up to 16 amino acids in ring size, including a biologically active inhibitor of the Grb2 SH2 domain.
Wen, Jin; Liao, Hui; Stachowski, Kye; Hempfling, Jordan P; Qian, Ziqing; Yuan, Chunhua; Foster, Mark P; Pei, Dehua · In_vitro
Exendin-4 combined with enzalutamide significantly suppressed prostate cancer tumor growth compared to enzalutamide alone by inhibiting Akt and mTOR activation triggered by enzalutamide resistance.
Wenjing, He; Shao, Yuanyuan; Yu, Yi; Huang, Wei; Feng, Guoliang; Li, Junhe · Animal
Burn injury triggered 20-fold increases in Reg3γ, 16-fold in Reg3β, and 8-fold in CRAMP antimicrobial peptides in young mice intestines, but aged mice showed no such upregulation. Aged burned mice had the most severe microbiome dysbiosis.
Wheatley, Elizabeth G; Curtis, Brenda J; Hulsebus, Holly J; Boe, Devin M; Najarro, Kevin; Ir, Diana; Robertson, Charles E; Choudhry, Mashkoor A; Frank, Daniel N; Kovacs, Elizabeth J · Animal
At day 2-3 post-injection, participants using the peptide-containing serum had 73% less bruise color intensity and 81% showed less bruising compared to the bland moisturizer control.
Widgerow, Alan D; Jacob, Carolyn; Palm, Melanie D; Garruto, John A; Bell, Michaela · Human
Emerging peptide-based obesity therapies, particularly GLP-1 analogs and unimolecular dual/triple agonists targeting GLP-1, GIP, and glucagon receptors, show encouraging preclinical and early clinical results for weight loss.
Williams, David M; Nawaz, Asif; Evans, Marc · Review
The SELECT trial is the first pharmacotherapy study in obesity powered for cardiovascular superiority in people without T2D, while FLOW is the first dedicated study of GLP-1 receptor analog effects on renal outcomes in diabetic kidney disease.
Williams, David M; Evans, Marc · Review
Substance P stimulates aldosterone secretion through NK1 receptors via the ERK pathway. In a double-blind placebo-controlled trial, the NK1R antagonist aprepitant decreased aldosterone production by approximately 30% in healthy males.
Wils, Julien; Duparc, Céline; Cailleux, Anne-Françoise; Lopez, Antoine-Guy; Guiheneuf, Caroline; Boutelet, Isabelle; Boyer, Hadrien-Gaël; Dubessy, Christophe; Cherifi, Saloua; Cauliez, Bruno; Gobet, Françoise; Defortescu, Guillaume; Ménard, Jean-François; Louiset, Estelle; Lefebvre, Hervé · In_vitro
BPC-157 attenuated clopidogrel-induced gastric mucosa injury by inhibiting ER stress-mediated apoptosis and inflammation while promoting angiogenesis via VEGF-A/VEGFR1-mediated AKT/p38/MAPK signaling. These effects were partially dependent on nitric oxide.
Wu, Hailu; Wei, Ming; Li, Nan; Lu, Qin; Shrestha, Sachin Mulmi; Tan, Jiacheng; Zhang, Zhenyu; Wu, Guoqiu; Shi, Ruihua · Animal
Thymosin beta-4 loaded PLGA/PLA hybrid yarns provided sustained drug release for 28 days and showed additive effects on promoting human adipose-derived stem cell migration, proliferation, and tenogenic differentiation compared to unloaded scaffolds.
Wu, Shaohua; Zhou, Rong; Zhou, Fang; Streubel, Philipp N; Chen, Shaojuan; Duan, Bin · In_vitro
Hypoxia-elevated SV1 splice variant activates PFKM through the NF-κB pathway, enhancing glycolytic metabolism and promoting esophageal cancer progression. GHRH-R antagonist MIA-602 reversed these malignant effects by targeting SV1.
Xiong, Xiao; Ke, Xiurong; Wang, Lu; Yao, Zhimeng; Guo, Yi; Zhang, Xianyang; Chen, Yuping; Pang, Chi Pui; Schally, Andrew V; Zhang, Hao · Animal
Defensins exhibit paradoxical roles in immunity: while broadly antimicrobial and immunomodulatory, they can promote viral and bacterial infections in certain settings and show both tumor-proliferative and tumor-suppressive activities depending on context.
Xu, Dan; Lu, Wuyuan · Review
TEX19 was significantly upregulated in ovarian cancer and correlated with higher TNM stage, lymph node involvement, and invasiveness. The TL peptide from TEX19 showed the greatest affinity with HLA-A*0201 among four candidates, making it a potential epitope vaccine target.
Xu, Zhaoxu; Tang, Haichao; Zhang, Tianshu; Sun, Mingli; Han, Qiang; Xu, Jiao; Wei, Minjie; Yu, Zhaojin · In_vitro
No between-group difference on the primary endpoint (ADOS reciprocity, effect size -0.08, P=.69), but oxytocin significantly reduced repetitive behavior (effect size 0.44, P=.026) and increased gaze fixation on social regions (effect size 0.55, P=.018).
Yamasue, Hidenori; Okada, Takashi; Munesue, Toshio; Kuroda, Miho; Fujioka, Toru; Uno, Yota; Matsumoto, Kaori; Kuwabara, Hitoshi; Mori, Daisuke; Okamoto, Yuko; Yoshimura, Yuko; Kawakubo, Yuki; Arioka, Yuko; Kojima, Masaki; Yuhi, Teruko; Owada, Keiho; Yassin, Walid; Kushima, Itaru; Benner, Seico; Ogawa, Nanayo; Eriguchi, Yosuke; Kawano, Naoko; Uemura, Yukari; Yamamoto, Maeri; Kano, Yukiko; Kasai, Kiyoto; Higashida, Haruhiro; Ozaki, Norio; Kosaka, Hirotaka · Human
FGLM-NH2 and SSSR promoted corneal epithelial healing through the substance P-NK-1R axis, activating Akt signaling and suppressing inflammatory cytokines IL-1α, MIP-1α, and MIP-1β. NK-1R antagonist L-733,060 abolished the healing effect.
Yanai, Ryoji; Nishida, Teruo; Hatano, Makoto; Uchi, Sho-Hei; Yamada, Naoyuki; Kimura, Kazuhiro · Animal
Substance P was elevated in cancer patients with pain and upregulated TLR-4 expression in tumor cells via NK-1 receptors, increasing proliferation, migration, and invasion. Aprepitant blocked these effects.
Yang, Chao; Sun, Yunheng; Ouyang, Xueyan; Li, Jing; Zhu, Zhen; Yu, Ruihua; Wang, Li; Jia, Lin; Ding, Gang; Wang, Yaosheng; Jiang, Feng · In_vitro
Stapled helical peptides recognized the K16-E22 region of Aβ40 fibril surfaces and inhibited surface-mediated oligomerization. The best candidate achieved ~0.75 μM binding affinity through hydrophobic staple-fibril surface interactions.
Yang, Fadeng; Zhang, Wan; Jiang, Yixiang; Yin, Feng; Han, Wei; Li, Zigang · In_vitro