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Column purification validation requires qualification of raw materials, equipment, and process, ideally designed in from the start. Combined with quality control, this ensures batch-to-batch consistency.
· Review
Of 27 bioactive peptides with chemical protection at both ends (to resist degradation), 13 remained stable after 72 hours at body temperature in horse plasma. The other 14 broke down to varying degrees. The researchers identified specific breakdown products (catabolites) for all 14 unstable peptides, including novel catabolites never previously reported for chemotactic peptide, DALDA, dmtDALDA, deltorphins I and II, and several dermorphin analogs. Key stability rules emerged: a D-amino acid (mirror image of normal) at position 2 or position 1 of a peptide, or next to its C-terminus, protected that end from degradation. But a D-amino acid at position 3 did not help. N-terminal modifications like pyroglutamic acid or N-methylation did not protect the N-terminal end. A C-terminal ethylamide group did protect against carboxypeptidase attack. The C-terminal lysine amide in DALDA, dmtDALDA, and Lys7-dermorphin was unexpectedly vulnerable to plasma enzymes.
Guan, Fuyu; Fay, Savannah; Li, Xiaoqing; You, Youwen; Robinson, Mary A · Analytical/Experimental
The method combined robotic-assisted near-infrared hematocrit measurement with fully automated strong cation exchange solid-phase extraction. This enabled detection of 46 lower molecular mass (<2 kDa) peptide and non-peptide doping agents by LC-HRMS. Target analytes included agonists of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor, ghrelin receptor, growth hormone receptor, and antidiuretic hormone receptor. Several glycine derivatives of GHRPs, designed to evade current testing, were also covered. Validation met WADA guidelines with LODs between 0.5 and 20 ng/mL. Proof of concept was demonstrated with authentic post-administration samples containing GHRP-2 and GHRP-6. The method also worked with blood collected by microneedle devices from the upper arm.
Lange, Tobias; Thomas, Andreas; Walpurgis, Katja; Thevis, Mario · Method Development
PF-5190457 did not significantly alter blood levels of 13 hormones (including insulin, GLP-1, cortisol, thyroid hormones, and leptin) during dosing or alcohol co-administration.
Lee, Mary R; Farokhnia, Mehdi; Cobbina, Enoch; Saravanakumar, Anitha; Li, Xiaobai; Battista, Jillian T; Farinelli, Lisa A; Akhlaghi, Fatemeh; Leggio, Lorenzo · Phase 1 Clinical Trial
Only 5 NK-1R antagonists are clinically approved (all for emesis) despite the tachykinin system's involvement in cancer, pain, itch, obesity, and numerous other conditions — representing significant therapeutic underexploration.
Muñoz, Miguel; Coveñas, Rafael · Review
Optimized magnetic bead immunopurification coupled with LC-HRMS achieved a limit of detection of 0.2 ng/mL and limit of identification of 0.5 ng/mL for GHRH analogues in human urine, with acceptable precision and specificity.
Pont, Laura; Alechaga, Élida; Terrero, Alejandro; Monfort, Núria; Ventura, Rosa · Methodology
Oral octreotide using TPE technology achieved therapeutic endpoints in Phase III trials with ~0.7% relative oral bioavailability, requiring 20 mg capsules compared to 0.1 mg subcutaneous injections.
Brayden, David J; Maher, Sam · Review
GLP-1RA use was only 4.3-4.9% and SGLT2i use 9.8-13.8% in UK T2DM patients by December 2019, with paradoxically lower use in patients with CVD history who would benefit most. Insulin use was 16% in CVD patients despite no cardiovascular evidence.
Farmer, Ruth E; Beard, Ivan; Raza, Syed I; Gollop, Nicholas D; Patel, Niraj; Tebboth, Abigail; McGovern, Andrew P; Kanumilli, Naresh; Ternouth, Andrew · Observational (Cross Sectional)
Significant progress in LC-MS-based doping control analysis of small peptides over the past decade, enabling reliable detection of growth hormone releasing factors and GnRH analogues among other banned peptide substances.
Judák, Péter; Esposito, Simone; Coppieters, Gilles; Van Eenoo, Peter; Deventer, Koen · Review
Semaglutide outperformed dulaglutide in both HbA1c reduction and weight loss, making it the most sought-after GLP-1 drug. Clinicians began prescribing Ozempic (semaglutide for diabetes) off-label for weight loss, even though Wegovy (semaglutide for weight) existed. This drove shortages. Insurance companies responded by requiring prior authorizations proving a type 2 diabetes diagnosis before covering these drugs. The commentary notes that most insurance plans still do not cover GLP-1 drugs solely for weight management, pushing weight-loss demand onto the diabetes supply chain.
Powell, Jason; Taylor, James · Review/Commentary
Semaglutide search interest increased dramatically from 2022 onward across most of the 27 countries studied. The US and Canada had the largest and most sustained interest. Natural language processing of search queries revealed that weight loss was the dominant theme in most countries. A diabetes theme was generally absent or weak, confirming that public interest is driven by weight loss rather than the drug's original purpose. Media coverage partially explained search interest (Granger causality analysis), with the UK and Germany showing strong relationships between news reports and subsequent search spikes. A single Dr. Oz TV episode coincided with search peaks across multiple countries. Some countries showed concerning themes: Australia, Chile, South Africa, and the UK had searches for buying Ozempic from specific retailers, and Germany had searches for obtaining it without a prescription.
Raubenheimer, Jacques Eugene; Myburgh, Pieter Hermanus; Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth · Infodemiological
Only 1.4% of the 1.1 million patients eligible for anti-obesity medications were actually prescribed them.
Ostrominski, John W; Wagholikar, Kavishwar B; Olsson, Kelly; Unlu, Ozan; Zelle, David; Kumar, Sanjay; Smith, Austen M; Toliver, Joshua C; Michalak, Wojciech; Fabricatore, Anthony; Hartaigh, Bríain Ó; Baer, Heather J; Cannon, Christopher P; Apovian, Caroline M; Fisher, Naomi D L; Plutzky, Jorge; Scirica, Benjamin M; Blood, Alexander J · Cross Sectional
Tirzepatide reached 12.3% of diabetes medication dispensations and 40.6% of weight-loss medication dispensations within about 18 months of market entry.
Ostrominski, John W; Ortega-Montiel, Janinne; Tesfaye, Helen; Alix, Caroline; DiCesare, Elyse; Cromer, Sara J; Wexler, Deborah J; Paik, Julie M; Patorno, Elisabetta · Retrospective Cohort