RPEP-00068 · 1988Morphine injected into the brain (intracerebroventricular) was 10 times more potent than intravenous morphine at increasing plasma ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide), a hormone released by the heart that lowers blood pressure and promotes sodium excretion.
Leu-enkephalin decreased plasma ANP concentrations, the opposite effect of morphine.
Dynorphin and beta-endorphin (given either into the brain or into the vein) did not change ANP levels at all.
All four opioids increased plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine (stress hormones), but morphine caused increases 10 to 50 times greater than the others.
Ganglionic blockade (cutting the nerve connection from the brain to the heart) significantly reduced morphine's ability to increase ANP, confirming the effect requires an intact autonomic nervous system.
Crum, R L; Brown, M R · Animal Study
RPEP-00247 · 1992NEP inhibitor SQ 28,603 markedly potentiated BNP-32 responses in SHR and monkeys. BNP was more resistant to NEP degradation than ANP. Cyclic GMP responses also potentiated.
Seymour, A A; Asaad, M M; Abboa-Offei, B E; Rovnyak, P L; Fennell, S; Rogers, W L · Animal Study
RPEP-00263 · 1993ANF, beta-endorphin, met-enkephalin, dynorphin, and noradrenaline were all elevated in acute CHF. Higher levels correlated with greater severity.
Fontana, F; Bernardi, P; Pich, E M; Capelli, M; Bortoluzzi, L; Spampinato, S; Canossa, M · Cross Sectional
RPEP-00290 · 1994Normotensive offspring of hypertensive parents showed altered opioid-ANF interactions during exercise, suggesting early neurohumoral changes before hypertension onset.
Fontana, F; Bernardi, P; Merlo Pich, E; Boschi, S; De Iasio, R; Capelli, M; Carboni, L; Spampinato, S · Cross Sectional
RPEP-00291 · 1994Orally active dual ACE/NEP inhibitors lowered blood pressure in hypertensive rats through combined angiotensin blockade and natriuretic peptide protection.
Fournié-Zaluski, M C; Coric, P; Turcaud, S; Rousselet, N; Gonzalez, W; Barbe, B; Pham, I; Jullian, N; Michel, J B; Roques, B P · Animal Study
RPEP-00341 · 1995SQ 28603 potentiated both ANP effects in monkeys (increased plasma ANP, sodium excretion) and BNP effects in hypertensive rats (blood pressure lowering, renal responses).
Seymour, A A; Abboa-Offei, B E; Smith, P L; Mathers, P D; Asaad, M M; Rogers, W L · Animal Study
RPEP-00361 · 1996ANP, BNP, and cGMP were compared as screening markers for asymptomatic and symptomatic left ventricular dysfunction, with potential utility for early detection.
Friedl, W; Mair, J; Thomas, S; Pichler, M; Puschendorf, B · Cross Sectional
RPEP-00375 · 1996Plasma BNP may increase proportionally more than ANP after acute myocardial infarction and chronic heart failure, potentially offering superior diagnostic and prognostic value.
Omland, T; Aakvaag, A; Bonarjee, V V; Caidahl, K; Lie, R T; Nilsen, D W; Sundsfjord, J A; Dickstein, K · Cohort
RPEP-00392 · 1996NEP inhibition with thiorphan significantly potentiated the blood pressure-lowering, hormonal, and renal effects of all three natriuretic peptides (ANP, BNP, CNP) in hypertensive transgenic rats.
Wegner, M; Ganten, D; Stasch, J P · Animal Study
RPEP-00393 · 1996NEP activity is increased in volume-overload heart failure, potentially accelerating the breakdown of protective natriuretic peptides even as the heart produces more of them.
Wegner, M; Hirth-Dietrich, C; Stasch, J P · Animal Study
RPEP-00396 · 1996BNP was superior to both C-terminal ANP and N-terminal ANP for detecting left ventricular systolic dysfunction, diastolic dysfunction, and ventricular hypertrophy.
Yamamoto, K; Burnett, J C; Jougasaki, M; Nishimura, R A; Bailey, K R; Saito, Y; Nakao, K; Redfield, M M · Cross Sectional
RPEP-00403 · 1997Simultaneous comparison of six peptide biomarkers in heart failure patients identified the best early CHF indicators across NYHA classes I through IV.
Daggubati, S; Parks, J R; Overton, R M; Cintron, G; Schocken, D D; Vesely, D L · Cross Sectional
RPEP-00421 · 1997Endurance training and hypobaric hypoxia independently and combinedly alter ANP and BNP gene expression in rat atrial and ventricular tissue.
Perhonen, M; Takala, T E; Vuolteenaho, O; Mäntymaa, P; Leppäluoto, J; Ruskoaho, H · Animal Study
RPEP-00435 · 1997Plasma BNP concentration provided superior prognostic value compared to plasma ANP and other established variables in chronic symptomatic left ventricular dysfunction.
Tsutamoto, T; Wada, A; Maeda, K; Hisanaga, T; Maeda, Y; Fukai, D; Ohnishi, M; Sugimoto, Y; Kinoshita, M · Cohort
RPEP-00454 · 1998BNP showed prolonged stability at room temperature in blood samples, significantly outlasting ANP stability, making BNP the preferred clinical biomarker for cardiac function assessment.
Buckley, M G; Marcus, N J; Yacoub, M H; Singer, D R · In Vitro
RPEP-00471 · 1998BNP showed the most dramatic increase in ventricular tissue during heart failure progression and correlated most strongly with cardiac dysfunction severity, supporting its use as a heart failure biomarker.
Klinge, R; Hystad, M; Kjekshus, J; Karlberg, B E; Djøseland, O; Aakvaag, A; Hall, C · Animal Study
RPEP-00476 · 1998Plasma BNP was superior to NT-ANP for detecting left ventricular systolic dysfunction in a general population, with particularly high sensitivity for moderate-to-severe cases.
McDonagh, T A; Robb, S D; Murdoch, D R; Morton, J J; Ford, I; Morrison, C E; Tunstall-Pedoe, H; McMurray, J J; Dargie, H J · Cross Sectional
RPEP-00477 · 1998Treatment of acute severe heart failure reduced BNP and ANP levels but not catecholamines or renin-angiotensin activity, indicating natriuretic peptides more accurately reflect clinical improvement.
Missouris, C G; Grouzmann, E; Buckley, M G; Barron, J; MacGregor, G A; Singer, D R · Clinical Trial
RPEP-00486 · 1998NT-proBNP at 2-4 days post-MI correlated strongly with LVEF (r=-0.63) and was the strongest independent predictor of mortality. NT-proBNP ≥160 pmol/L identified high-risk patients. Adrenomedullin also predicted poor prognosis.
Richards, A M; Nicholls, M G; Yandle, T G; Frampton, C; Espiner, E A; Turner, J G; Buttimore, R C; Lainchbury, J G; Elliott, J M; Ikram, H; Crozier, I G; Smyth, D W · Cohort
RPEP-00488 · 1998ANP and BNP are sensitive markers of cardiac volume and pressure overload with clinical utility in diagnosing heart failure, monitoring treatment, predicting prognosis, and screening for asymptomatic cardiac dysfunction.
Sagnella, G A · Review
RPEP-00498 · 1998BNP concentrations in pericardial fluid were markedly elevated above plasma levels and closely associated with left ventricular dysfunction severity, supporting BNP's role as a local cardiac autocrine/paracrine factor.
Tanaka, T; Hasegawa, K; Fujita, M; Tamaki, S I; Yamazato, A; Kihara, Y; Nohara, R; Sasayama, S · Clinical Trial
RPEP-00514 · 1999BNP remained stable at room temperature for up to 72 hours without aprotinin, while ANP degraded significantly within hours. This stability makes BNP the most practical natriuretic peptide for routine clinical testing.
Buckley, M G; Marcus, N J; Yacoub, M H · In Vitro
RPEP-00515 · 1999Vasopeptidase inhibitors simultaneously increase natriuretic peptide levels (by blocking NEP) and decrease angiotensin II (by blocking ACE), producing superior blood pressure reduction compared to ACE inhibition alone.
Burnett, J C · Review
RPEP-00516 · 1999Natriuretic peptides have dual clinical potential: as diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers for heart failure and as direct therapeutic agents through vasodilation, diuresis, and suppression of the renin-angiotensin and sympathetic nervous systems.
Chen, H H; Burnett, J C · Review
RPEP-00536 · 1999BNP demonstrates superior sensitivity over ANP for detecting subclinical left ventricular dysfunction, supporting its use as a screening tool for early identification of heart failure risk.
Mair, J; Friedl, W; Thomas, S; Puschendorf, B · Review
RPEP-00546 · 1999Serial BNP measurements detected doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity before clinical symptoms or echocardiographic changes in 30 lymphoma patients, with BNP rising progressively with cumulative drug exposure.
Nousiainen, T; Jantunen, E; Vanninen, E; Remes, J; Vuolteenaho, O; Hartikainen, J · Cohort
RPEP-00599 · 2000BNP increased acutely and much more prominently than ANP during coronary angioplasty, with serial changes correlating with procedural myocardial stress, confirming BNP as the superior acute cardiac biomarker.
Kyriakides, Z S; Markianos, M; Michalis, L; Antoniadis, A; Nikolaou, N I; Kremastinos, D T · Cohort
RPEP-00602 · 2000Elevated pre-cardioversion BNP and ANP predicted atrial fibrillation recurrence after DC cardioversion in mild CHF patients, and BNP declined after successful rhythm restoration.
Mabuchi, N; Tsutamoto, T; Maeda, K; Kinoshita, M · Cohort
RPEP-00604 · 2000BNP, ANP, and Big Endothelin-1 each independently correlated with heart failure severity but reflected different pathophysiological aspects — cardiac volume overload versus vascular/renal dysfunction — providing complementary clinical information.
Masson, S; Gorini, M; Salio, M; Lucci, D; Latini, R; Maggioni, A P · Cohort
RPEP-00610 · 2000Persistent BNP elevation after anthracycline chemotherapy predicted development of cardiotoxicity, distinguishing at-risk patients from those with only transient, benign BNP rises.
Okumura, H; Iuchi, K; Yoshida, T; Nakamura, S; Takeshima, M; Takamatsu, H; Ikeno, A; Usuda, K; Ishikawa, T; Ohtake, S; Matsuda, T · Cohort
RPEP-00624 · 2000Atrial standstill produced a distinctive natriuretic peptide pattern: normal-to-low ANP (from non-functional atria) with markedly elevated BNP (from stressed ventricles), providing a potential diagnostic biomarker signature.
Suguta, M; Hara, K; Nakano, A; Amano, A; Hasegawa, A; Kurabayashi, M · Case Report
RPEP-00628 · 2000Valsartan (angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker) reduced TNF-α, IL-6, soluble ICAM-1, and BNP in heart failure patients, demonstrating anti-inflammatory effects of angiotensin blockade beyond hemodynamic improvements.
Tsutamoto, T; Wada, A; Maeda, K; Mabuchi, N; Hayashi, M; Tsutsui, T; Ohnishi, M; Sawaki, M; Fujii, M; Matsumoto, T; Kinoshita, M · RCT
RPEP-00655 · 2001BNP was the strongest predictor of left ventricular hypertrophy and cardiac mortality in 112 ESRD dialysis patients, outperforming ANP for cardiovascular risk stratification in this high-risk population.
Cataliotti, A; Malatino, L S; Jougasaki, M; Zoccali, C; Castellino, P; Giacone, G; Bellanuova, I; Tripepi, R; Seminara, G; Parlongo, S; Stancanelli, B; Bonanno, G; Fatuzzo, P; Rapisarda, F; Belluardo, P; Signorelli, S S; Heublein, D M; Lainchbury, J G; Leskinen, H K; Bailey, K R; Redfield, M M; Burnett, J C · Cross Sectional
RPEP-00658 · 2001Acute vasopeptidase inhibition in experimental mild heart failure raised ANP/BNP, increased renal sodium excretion, suppressed aldosterone, and avoided renin-angiotensin activation — harnessing endogenous peptide defenses.
Chen, H H; Lainchbury, J G; Matsuda, Y; Harty, G J; Burnett, J C · Animal Study
RPEP-00661 · 2001Vasopeptidase inhibitors simultaneously enhance protective natriuretic peptides/bradykinin and block harmful angiotensin II, showing superior cardiovascular benefits over ACE inhibitors alone, despite angioedema risk as a limitation.
Corti, R; Burnett, J C; Rouleau, J L; Ruschitzka, F; Lüscher, T F · Review
RPEP-00665 · 2001Pro-BNP and NT-proBNP are strong biochemical markers for heart failure with practical advantages over mature BNP, including longer stability and higher circulating levels, supporting their clinical adoption.
Gøtze, J P; Kastrup, J · Review
RPEP-00671 · 2001Heart failure involves coordinated activation of multiple neurohormonal systems, and measuring these provides diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic guidance, with BNP/NT-proBNP showing the strongest clinical utility.
Kjaer, A; Hesse, B · Review
RPEP-00675 · 2001Long-term NEP inhibition (2 weeks) in heart failure rats improved cardiac function, reduced ventricular remodeling, and paradoxically lowered ANP/BNP — the decrease reflecting improved cardiac status rather than drug failure.
Maki, T; Nasa, Y; Yamaguchi, F; Yoshida, H; Mori, M; Takada, T; Horikawa, E; Okano, K; Takeo, S · Animal Study
RPEP-00678 · 2001In 1,640 randomly sampled urban adults, BNP predicted mortality from left ventricular dysfunction, supporting population-level screening with natriuretic peptides to identify undiagnosed cardiac disease.
McDonagh, T A; Cunningham, A D; Morrison, C E; McMurray, J J; Ford, I; Morton, J J; Dargie, H J · Cohort
RPEP-00702 · 2001Plasma BNP correlated with soluble Fas (apoptosis marker) in CHF patients, and sFas independently predicted prognosis, establishing a link between natriuretic peptide signaling and cardiac programmed cell death.
Tsutamoto, T; Wada, A; Maeda, K; Mabuchi, N; Hayashi, M; Tsutsui, T; Ohnishi, M; Fujii, M; Matsumoto, T; Yamamoto, T; Takayama, T; Kinoshita, M · Cross Sectional
RPEP-00719 · 2002Natriuretic peptides serve dual roles as sensitive cardiac biomarkers AND active cardiovascular protectors, with evidence supporting both diagnostic utility and therapeutic potential through their vasodilatory, natriuretic, and neurohormonal-suppressive actions.
Clerico, Aldo · Review
RPEP-00732 · 2002ANP, BNP, and CNP are expressed in the cardiac conduction system (SA node, AV node, His bundle, Purkinje fibers) and may directly modulate heart rhythm, conduction, and arrhythmia susceptibility.
Hansson, Magnus · Review
RPEP-00744 · 2002BNP correlated most strongly with NYHA heart failure classification and treatment response in outpatients, outperforming C-terminal ANP and N-terminal ANP as a monitoring biomarker.
Lee, Shang-Chiun; Stevens, Tracy L; Sandberg, Sharon M; Heublein, Denise M; Nelson, Susan M; Jougasaki, Michihisa; Redfield, Margaret M; Burnett, John C · Cross Sectional
RPEP-00755 · 2002Mature adrenomedullin and BNP provided complementary cardiac information in hemodialysis patients: BNP reflected LV dysfunction more specifically, while mAM reflected broader cardiovascular status including vascular and renal components.
Osajima, Akihiko; Okazaki, Masahiro; Tamura, Masahito; Anai, Hirofumi; Kabashima, Narutoshi; Suda, Takeshi; Iwamoto, Masako; Ota, Takayuki; Watanabe, Yuujiro; Kanegae, Kaori; Nakashima, Yasuhide · Cross Sectional
RPEP-00769 · 2002Omapatrilat and lisinopril had equivalent effects on angiotensin II, aldosterone, and inflammatory cytokines in CHF, but omapatrilat additionally reduced natriuretic peptide levels, suggesting superior cardiac functional improvement.
Sheth, Tej; Parker, Tom; Block, Alan; Hall, Christian; Adam, Albert; Pfeffer, Mark A; Stewart, Duncan J; Qian, Chunlin; Rouleau, Jean L · RCT
RPEP-00790 · 2003BNP has evolved from a research peptide to an essential clinical tool for heart failure diagnosis, prognosis, screening, and treatment monitoring, with particularly high value in emergency department dyspnea differentiation.
Azzazy, Hassan M E; Christenson, Robert H · Review
RPEP-00793 · 2003Heart failure disrupted the normal pulsatile secretion patterns of both ANP and BNP, with BNP rhythm abnormalities correlating with disease severity — adding temporal pattern analysis to biomarker diagnostics.
Bentzen, Hans; Pedersen, Robert S; Pedersen, Henrik B; Nyvad, Ole; Pedersen, Erling B · Clinical Trial
RPEP-00794 · 2003BNP best predicted short-term outcomes in mild-moderate heart failure, while endothelin was more prognostic in advanced heart failure and over longer follow-up, demonstrating stage- and time-dependent prognostic value of neurohormonal biomarkers.
Berger, Rudolf; Strecker, Karin; Huelsmann, Martin; Moser, Petra; Frey, Bernhard; Bojic, Anja; Stanek, Brigitte; Pacher, Richard · Cohort
RPEP-00802 · 2003Among BNP, ANP, catecholamines, renin, and aldosterone, only BNP correlated with the restrictive diastolic filling pattern in severe systolic dysfunction — the most specific biomarker for this ominous prognostic sign.
Catuzzo, Bruna; Ciancamerla, Francesca; Bobbio, Marco; Longo, Marcella; Trevi, Gian Paolo · Cross Sectional
RPEP-00818 · 2003The hFABP/myoglobin ratio combined with BNP improved detection of cardiac damage and volume overload in dialysis patients, providing a multi-marker approach that overcomes renal clearance confounding of individual markers.
Furuhashi, Masato; Ura, Nobuyuki; Hasegawa, Koichi; Yoshida, Hideaki; Tsuchihashi, Kazufumi; Nakata, Tomoaki; Shimamoto, Kaxuaki · Cross Sectional