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RPEP-09126 · 2024

Underusing Migraine Medication May Be as Harmful as Overusing It

The review identifies four forms of medication underuse in migraine: 1. Taking inappropriate medications for the pain level and disability 2. Taking medication too late (more than 60 minutes after onset, or after allodynia develops) 3. Discontinuing treatment due to side effects or perceived lack of effect 4. Poor adherence to preventive medications For acute treatment, the key problem is failing to halt the progression from peripheral nerve activation to central sensitization. Once central sensitization occurs (marked by allodynia, where normal touch becomes painful), acute medications are much less effective. For preventive treatment, inadequate efficacy and side effects of conventional drugs lead to high discontinuation rates. Anti-CGRP medications partially address this by offering better tolerability and targeting the underlying CGRP pathway. The review suggests starting anti-CGRP treatment during low-frequency episodic migraine rather than waiting until attacks become frequent or chronic.

Rattanawong, Wanakorn; Rapoport, Alan; Srikiatkhachorn, Anan · Review

RPEP-09127 · 2024

Mapping Global Interest in Semaglutide: How Social Media Drove a Weight Loss Drug Frenzy

Semaglutide search interest increased dramatically from 2022 onward across most of the 27 countries studied. The US and Canada had the largest and most sustained interest. Natural language processing of search queries revealed that weight loss was the dominant theme in most countries. A diabetes theme was generally absent or weak, confirming that public interest is driven by weight loss rather than the drug's original purpose. Media coverage partially explained search interest (Granger causality analysis), with the UK and Germany showing strong relationships between news reports and subsequent search spikes. A single Dr. Oz TV episode coincided with search peaks across multiple countries. Some countries showed concerning themes: Australia, Chile, South Africa, and the UK had searches for buying Ozempic from specific retailers, and Germany had searches for obtaining it without a prescription.

Raubenheimer, Jacques Eugene; Myburgh, Pieter Hermanus; Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth · Infodemiological

RPEP-09128 · 2024

GLP-1 Drugs Protect the Heart During Heart Attacks in Rats With Metabolic Syndrome

After 6 weeks of treatment in rats with metabolic syndrome: - Exenatide improved ejection fraction by 3% vs untreated MetS group - Dulaglutide improved ejection fraction by 7% vs untreated MetS group - Histology showed reduced cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area: 11% reduction with exenatide, 18% with dulaglutide - Both drugs reduced oxidative stress biomarkers - Dulaglutide showed a slight advantage overall

Ravic, Marko; Srejovic, Ivan; Novakovic, Jovana; Andjic, Marijana; Sretenovic, Jasmina; Muric, Maja; Nikolic, Marina; Bolevich, Sergey; Alekseevich Kasabov, Kirill; Petrovich Fisenko, Vladimir; Stojanovic, Aleksandra; Jakovljevic, Vladimir · Animal Study

RPEP-09129 · 2024

GLP-1 Drugs for Weight Loss and Heart Protection: A Clinical Review

GLP-1 receptor agonists work by mimicking the natural gut hormone GLP-1, which reduces appetite and slows stomach emptying. Semaglutide and liraglutide are the two GLP-1 drugs FDA-approved for weight management. Beyond weight loss, these drugs show early evidence of cardiovascular benefits in obese patients, including reduced cardiovascular events and improved risk factors. The SELECT trial showed semaglutide reduced major cardiovascular events by 20% in obese people without diabetes. Common side effects are gastrointestinal (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea) and are usually mild to moderate. The review discusses strategies for managing these effects, including gradual dose escalation.

Raza, Fatima Ali; Altaf, Rafiya; Bashir, Talha; Asghar, Fatima; Altaf, Rabiya; Tousif, Sohaib; Goyal, Aman; Mohammed, Aisha; Mohammad, Mahnoor Faisal; Anan, Mahfuza; Ali, Sajjad · Review

RPEP-09130 · 2024

Lipid Nanoparticles Loaded With LL-37 Antimicrobial Peptide Kill Strep Bacteria

The researchers found that the type of organic solvent used during manufacturing had a major effect on nanoparticle shape. Chloroform produced the best spherical nanoparticles. Size and polydispersity were affected by surfactant concentration, stearic acid concentration, and homogenization amplitude. Once optimized, the nanoparticles were successfully loaded with LL-37. The LL-37-loaded nanoparticles maintained their morphology and cytocompatibility (did not harm cells). They showed antibacterial activity against the reference strain of Streptococcus pyogenes (ATCC 12384).

Reczyńska-Kolman, Katarzyna; Ochońska, Dorota; Brzychczy-Włoch, Monika; Pamuła, Elżbieta · In Vitro

RPEP-09131 · 2024

Liraglutide's Long Half-Life Comes From Albumin Binding, Not Lymphatic Transport

After subcutaneous injection in rats: - Liraglutide: apparent half-life 9.1 hours, delayed peak plasma levels, bioavailability ~10% - Exenatide: half-life ~1 hour, bioavailability ~100% Lymphatic uptake was low for both peptides (<0.5% of dose), though lymph-to-plasma concentration ratios exceeded 1 at several early timepoints, suggesting some direct lymph uptake. The single-chain C16 palmitic acid on liraglutide did not substantially boost lymphatic transport. The authors suggest that if lymphatic delivery is desired, more lipophilic conjugates (like diacylglycerols) with higher albumin or lipoprotein binding would be needed.

Reddiar, Sanjeevini Babu; Abdallah, Mohammad; Styles, Ian K; Müllertz, Olivia O; Trevaskis, Natalie L · Animal Pharmacokinetic

RPEP-09132 · 2024

Botox Reduces CGRP Release in Inflammation But Doesn't Block Pain Sensitivity

CFA-induced facial inflammation increased periorbital mechanical sensitivity. The inflamed side showed greater sensitivity than other periorbital areas. Botox pretreatment reduced baseline CGRP release under CFA-inflamed conditions, suggesting it dampens ongoing CGRP secretion. However, it did not reduce pain sensitivity in the von Frey test, and it did not alter stimulated CGRP release. SNAP-25 analysis in the trigeminal ganglion showed both intact and cleaved forms elevated in Botox-treated animals. SNAP-25 cleavage is the hallmark of Botox's mechanism: it disrupts the protein machinery needed for neurotransmitter release.

Reducha, Philip Victor; Bömers, Jesper Peter; Edvinsson, Lars; Haanes, Kristian Agmund · Animal Study

RPEP-09133 · 2024

What Research Should Be Prioritized for Chronic Migraine Prevention?

Using nominal group technique (a structured consensus method), the stakeholders identified their research priorities: 1. Top priority: Comparing CGRP monoclonal antibodies to onabotulinumtoxinA (Botox) 2. High priority: Candesartan vs placebo 3. High priority: Flunarizine vs placebo 4. Also discussed: Combining CGRP antibodies with other medications The group noted that despite multiple available chronic migraine preventives, high-quality head-to-head randomized evidence is scarce. Most drugs were tested only against placebo, making it hard for clinicians and patients to choose between options.

Rees, Sophie; Cooklin, Andrew; Duncan, Callum; Matharu, Manjit; Naghdi, Seyran; Underwood, Martin; Mistry, Hema · Consensus Workshop

RPEP-09134 · 2024

How Tirzepatide Activates GIP Receptors Differently Than Natural GIP

Tirzepatide showed biased agonism at the GIP receptor, meaning it preferentially activated the Gαs/cAMP pathway while having weaker effects on IP1 accumulation, AKT, ERK1/2, and CREB phosphorylation. This bias was consistent at both the wild-type (E354) and E354Q GIP receptor variants. The natural GIP peptides GIP(1-42) and GIP(1-30)NH2 were generally equipotent across pathways, with one exception: GIP(1-30)NH2 was more potent than GIP(1-42) for CREB phosphorylation at the E354Q variant. The E354Q variant is clinically relevant because it is associated with increased type 2 diabetes risk and lower body mass index. Understanding how drugs and natural peptides signal differently at this variant could help explain these clinical associations.

Rees, Tayla A; Buttle, Benjamin J; Tasma, Zoe; Yang, Sung-Hyun; Harris, Paul W R; Walker, Christopher S · In Vitro

RPEP-09135 · 2024

Tirzepatide Helps Fat Cells Store and Burn Fat More Effectively

In human adipocytes (fat cells): - With insulin present: GIP receptor activation enhanced insulin signaling, boosted glucose uptake, and increased conversion of glucose to glycerol (for fat storage) - Without insulin: GIP receptor activation increased lipolysis (fat breakdown and release) In diet-induced obese mice treated with a long-acting GIP receptor agonist: - Reduced circulating triglyceride levels during oral lipid challenge - Increased lipoprotein-derived fatty acid uptake into adipose tissue This dual action (storing fat when fed, releasing fat when fasting) explains how GIP activation can simultaneously improve blood lipids while supporting proper fat tissue function.

Regmi, Ajit; Aihara, Eitaro; Christe, Michael E; Varga, Gabor; Beyer, Thomas P; Ruan, Xiaoping; Beebe, Emily; O'Farrell, Libbey S; Bellinger, Melissa A; Austin, Aaron K; Lin, Yanzhu; Hu, Haitao; Konkol, Debra L; Wojnicki, Samantha; Holland, Adrienne K; Friedrich, Jessica L; Brown, Robert A; Estelle, Amanda S; Badger, Hannah S; Gaidosh, Gabriel S; Kooijman, Sander; Rensen, Patrick C N; Coskun, Tamer; Thomas, Melissa K; Roell, William · In Vitro/Animal

RPEP-09136 · 2024

Semaglutide Improves Exercise Capacity and Inflammation in Heart Failure With Obesity

Semaglutide produced significant improvements in patients with HFpEF and obesity: - 6-minute walk distance: improved by 15.1 meters vs placebo (95% CI 5.8-24.4, p = 0.002) - Body weight: reduced by 2.9% vs placebo (95% CI -4.1 to -1.7, p = 0.001) - C-reactive protein: reduced (indicating lower inflammation) - Several secondary clinical endpoints also improved - Adverse events: generally well-tolerated with no unexpected safety concerns

Rehman, Ayesha; Saidullah, Shahab; Asad, Muhammad; Gondal, Umer R; Ashraf, Amna; Khan, Muhammad F; Akhtar, Waheed; Mehmoodi, Amin; Malik, Jahanzeb · Retrospective Cohort

RPEP-09137 · 2024

How Well Does Semaglutide Protect the Kidneys in Diabetic Kidney Disease?

Albuminuria was more consistently reduced by semaglutide than eGFR. The benefit was strongest in patients with macroalbuminuria (heavy protein loss). This suggests semaglutide may help slow the progression of diabetic kidney disease by reducing the protein that damages kidney filters. However, the impact on eGFR was variable. Some studies showed improvement, others showed no change, and some showed decrease. This inconsistency could reflect differences in patient populations, disease severity, and follow-up duration. Two case reports described acute kidney injury (AKI) associated with semaglutide, including one case of acute interstitial nephritis. This highlights the need for kidney monitoring during therapy, particularly in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease.

Rehman, Shuja Ur; Kolanu, Nikhil Deep; Mushtaq, Muhammad Muaz; Ali, Husnain; Ahmed, Zeeshan; Mushtaq, Maham; Liaqat, Maryyam; Sarwer, Muhammad Asad; Bokhari, Syed Faqeer Hussain; Ahmed, Fazeel; Bakht, Danyal · Systematic Review

RPEP-09138 · 2024

Liposome-CPP Combinations Triple Delivery of an Alzheimer's Peptide Drug Into Cells

Liposome conjugation of CPP-containing RI-AG03 peptides increased cellular association three-fold compared to unconjugated liposomes. Both polyR (polyarginine) and TAT cell-penetrating sequences achieved this enhancement. Inhibition of macropinocytosis reduced uptake of unconjugated and RI-AG03-polyR-linked liposomes, but had no effect on RI-AG03-TAT-conjugated liposome uptake, suggesting different internalization routes. RI-AG03-polyR showed co-localization with macropinosomes and lysosomes. Importantly, RI-AG03-polyR detached from liposomes after cellular uptake, largely evading organellar entrapment. This is critical because drugs trapped in lysosomes are degraded and never reach their targets.

Reich, Niklas; Parkin, Edward; Dawson, Neil · In Vitro

RPEP-09139 · 2024

Prenatal THC and Alcohol Exposure Differently Affect Brain Inhibitory Neurons by Sex

Prenatal THC exposure had region-specific and sex-specific effects on inhibitory interneurons in the hippocampus: - Female-specific decrease in NPY neuron density in the CA1 region after THC exposure - Somatostatin neurons were altered by THC in a region-specific and sex-specific manner - Combined alcohol + THC: reduced NPY neurons in the ventral dentate gyrus - Co-exposure did NOT produce additive or synergistic effects in other hippocampal areas These findings build on the group's previous work showing prenatal substance exposure alters parvalbumin interneurons, extending the picture to two additional inhibitory cell types.

Reid, Hannah M O; Trepanier, Owen; Gross, Allyson; Poberezhnyk, Polina; Snowden, Taylor; Conway, Kate; Breit, Kristen R; Rodriguez, Cristina; Thomas, Jennifer D; Christie, Brian R · Animal Study

RPEP-09140 · 2024

Mapping Neuropeptide Y Receptors Across 159 Worm Genomes

Using an automated computational pipeline based on ExonMatchSolver, researchers identified 1,557 NPY/RFamide-like receptors across 159 nematode genomes: 1,100 NPR-type, 375 FRPR-type, and 82 C09F12.3-type receptors. The receptor family is generally well-conserved across the nematode phylum, suggesting these receptors play essential roles. However, no other genus shares all receptors with Caenorhabditis, and there are extensive clade-specific duplications and losses. This means different nematode species have evolved unique receptor repertoires, likely adapting NPY signaling to their specific ecological niches.

Reinhardt, Franziska; Kaiser, Anette; Prömel, Simone; Stadler, Peter F · Computational/Genomics

RPEP-09141 · 2024

SGLT2 Plus GLP-1 Drug Beats SGLT2 Plus DPP-4 for Fatty Liver in Obese Mice

High-fat diet versus control: liver triglycerides increased 82%, steatosis increased 850%, glucose intolerance increased 71%, insulin increased 98%, and insulin resistance increased 68%. Both drug combinations improved all parameters compared to untreated obese mice: - Empagliflozin + linagliptin: glucose intolerance -60%, insulin -61%, insulin resistance -46%, TAG -61%, steatosis -58% - Empagliflozin + dulaglutide: glucose intolerance -71%, insulin -58%, insulin resistance -62%, TAG -61%, steatosis -82% Principal component analysis clearly separated the groups: the GLP-1 combination was furthest from the disease group, while the DPP-4 combination fell between control and the GLP-1 group.

Reis-Barbosa, Pedro H; Mandarim-de-Lacerda, Carlos A · Animal Study

RPEP-09142 · 2024

Tirzepatide Reverses Metabolic Damage in Menopausal Obese Diabetic Mice

The triple-challenge model (obesity + diabetes + ovariectomy) created the most severe metabolic dysfunction. Obese diabetic ovariectomized mice had more pronounced weight gain slopes than obese diabetic mice with intact ovaries. Tirzepatide treatment produced negative allometric body weight slopes across treatment time, meaning weight declined consistently. Treated mice showed improved adiponectin (a beneficial fat hormone), insulin levels, and leptin levels. The drug effects were seen in both ovariectomized and sham groups. Interactions were observed between diet × ovariectomy (affecting weight gain), diet × tirzepatide (affecting weight loss), and diet × ovariectomy × tirzepatide (affecting food intake).

Reis-Barbosa, Pedro H; Marcondes-de-Castro, Ilitch; Marinho, Thatiany S; Aguila, Marcia Barbosa; Mandarim-de-Lacerda, Carlos A · Animal Study

RPEP-09144 · 2024

Which Diabetes Drugs Cross the Blood-Brain Barrier Best? Tirzepatide Leads

Tirzepatide had the highest rate of blood-brain barrier crossing among the four incretin receptor agonists tested, suggesting it may be the most promising for direct brain effects.

Rhea, Elizabeth M; Babin, Alice; Thomas, Peter; Omer, Mohamed; Weaver, Riley; Hansen, Kim; Banks, William A; Talbot, Konrad · Animal Study

RPEP-09145 · 2024

Could Anti-Obesity Drugs Treat Binge Eating Disorder?

Anti-obesity drugs, particularly GLP-1 receptor agonists, may have potential for treating binge eating disorder, but current evidence is limited and the psychological components of BED require special attention.

Riboldi, Ilaria; Carrà, Giuseppe · Review

RPEP-09146 · 2024

Long-Term COX-2 Suppression Causes a Type of Heart Failure in Aged Female Mice

Long-term COX-2 suppression caused diastolic dysfunction and features of HFpEF in aged female mice, while younger mice were unaffected.

Ricciotti, Emanuela; Haines, Philip G; Beerens, Manu; Kartoun, Uri; Castro, Cecilia; Tang, Soon Yew; Ghosh, Soumita; Das, Ujjalkumar S; Lahens, Nicholas F; Wang, Tao; Griffin, Jules L; Shaw, Stanley Y; MacRae, Calum A; FitzGerald, Garret A · Animal Study

RPEP-09147 · 2024

How GLP-1 Drugs Protect the Kidneys: From Molecules to Clinical Evidence

GLP-1 receptor agonists protect kidneys through anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-fibrotic mechanisms, with clinical data from the FLOW trial confirming semaglutide slows kidney disease progression.

Rico-Fontalvo, Jorge; Reina, Maricely; Soler, María José; Unigarro-Palacios, Mario; Castañeda-González, Juan Pablo; Quintero, Javier Jiménez; Raad-Sarabia, María; Moraes, Thyago Proença de; Daza-Arnedo, Rodrigo · Review

RPEP-09148 · 2024

GLP-1 Drugs for Weight Loss: What Gynecologic Oncologists Need to Know

GLP-1 receptor agonists produce significant weight loss and may reduce obesity-related risk factors for gynecologic cancers, though direct cancer prevention evidence is still needed.

Riedinger, Courtney J; Sakach, Julia; Maples, Jill M; Fulton, Jessica; Chippior, Jessica; O'Donnell, Benjamin; O'Malley, David M; Chambers, Laura M · Review

RPEP-09149 · 2024

How Good Is the Evidence Behind Anti-CGRP Migraine Drug Trials?

Published RCTs of anti-CGRP monoclonal antibodies for migraine have notable reporting quality gaps and potential biases beyond randomization.

Rikos, Dimitrios; Vikelis, Michail; Dermitzakis, Emmanouil V; Soldatos, Panagiotis; Rallis, Dimitrios; Rudolf, Jobst; Andreou, Anna P; Argyriou, Andreas A · Meta Analysis

RPEP-09150 · 2024

Bismuth Chemistry Creates More Stable Cell-Penetrating Peptides

Bismuth-cyclized cell-penetrating peptides showed improved cellular entry efficiency and metabolic stability compared to linear CPPs, without the epimerization issues of previous cyclization methods.

Ritchey, Jeremy L; Filippi, Lindsi; Ballard, Davis; Pei, Dehua · In Vitro

RPEP-09151 · 2024

Is Semaglutide Safe? A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis of Side Effects

Semaglutide does not increase cardiovascular adverse events or mortality but is associated with higher rates of gastrointestinal side effects compared to placebo.

Rivera, Frederick Berro; Arias-Aguirre, Eloise; Aguirre, Zedrick; Ybañez, Mc John C; Rubia, Janos Marc M; Galang, Danica Janine; Lumbang, Grace Nooriza; Ruyeras, Jade Monica Marie J; Magalong, John Vincent; Pine, Polyn Luz; Amigo, John Andrew C; Ansay, Marie Francesca M; Zelenkov, Nenad; Thomas, Steve Samuel; Vijayaraghavan, Krishnaswami · Meta Analysis

RPEP-09152 · 2024

GLP-1 Drugs Modestly Lower Blood Pressure in People With and Without Diabetes

GLP-1 receptor agonists produce a modest but significant reduction in systolic blood pressure, potentially contributing to their cardiovascular protective effects.

Rivera, Frederick Berro; Lumbang, Grace Nooriza O; Gaid, Danielle Rose Magno; Cruz, Linnaeus Louisse A; Magalong, John Vincent; Bantayan, Nathan Ross B; Lara-Breitinger, Kyla M; Gulati, Martha; Bakris, George · Meta Analysis

RPEP-09153 · 2024

Peptide-Drug Conjugates: A New Targeted Approach to Cancer Treatment

Peptide-drug conjugates represent a promising targeted cancer therapy approach, offering specificity, deeper tumor penetration, and simpler manufacturing compared to antibody-based delivery systems.

Rizvi, Syed Faheem Askari; Zhang, Linjie; Zhang, Haixia; Fang, Quan · Review

RPEP-09154 · 2024

GLP-1 Drugs Don't Increase Aspiration Risk During Endoscopy

GLP-1 receptor agonist use was not associated with increased risk of aspiration or retained gastric contents during outpatient upper endoscopy.

Robalino Gonzaga, Ernesto; Farooq, Aimen; Mohammed, Abdul; Chandan, Saurabh; Fawwaz, Baha; Singh, Gurdeep; Malik, Amna; Zhang, Yiyang; Kadkhodayan, Kambiz · Cohort

RPEP-09155 · 2024

How Bioactive Domains Affect Self-Assembling Peptide Structures

Bioactive domains attached to β-sheet self-assembling peptides can either remain solvent-accessible as intended or become incorporated into the β-sheet structure, depending on their specific properties.

Robang, Alicia S; Roy, Abhishek; Dodd-O, Joseph B; He, Dongjing; Le, Justin V; McShan, Andrew C; Hu, Yuhang; Kumar, Vivek A; Paravastu, Anant K · In Vitro

RPEP-09158 · 2024

Can Synthesis Impurities in Calcitonin Peptide Drugs Trigger Immune Reactions?

Certain synthesis-derived impurities of salmon calcitonin showed potential to bind HLA molecules and stimulate T cells, indicating immunogenicity risk that warrants monitoring.

Roberts, Brian J; Mattei, Aimee E; Howard, Kristina E; Weaver, James L; Liu, Hao; Lelias, Sandra; Martin, William D; Verthelyi, Daniela; Pang, Eric; Edwards, Katie J; De Groot, Anne S · In Vitro

RPEP-09159 · 2024

Does Tirzepatide Help You Lose Fat or Muscle? A Body Composition Review

Tirzepatide consistently reduces fat mass in people with overweight or obesity, but the ratio of fat to lean mass loss varies and requires attention in clinical practice.

Rochira, Vincenzo; Greco, Carla; Boni, Stefano; Costantino, Francesco; Dalla Valentina, Leonardo; Zanni, Eleonora; Itani, Leila; El Ghoch, Marwan · Meta Analysis

RPEP-09160 · 2024

GLP-1 Drugs May Treat Fatty Liver Through the Gut-Liver Connection

GLP-1 receptor agonists may treat MAFLD through dual action on the gut-liver axis, reducing liver fat and inflammation while potentially improving gut microbiome balance.

Rochoń, Jakub; Kalinowski, Piotr; Szymanek-Majchrzak, Ksenia; Grąt, Michał · Review

RPEP-09162 · 2024

Which Weight Loss Drugs Work Best Over 4 Years? Real-World Veteran Data

Semaglutide and phentermine/topiramate showed the most consistent long-term weight loss among veterans, with data extending up to 48 months.

Rodriguez, Allison D; Ifeachor, Amanda P; Moore, Emily A; Otte, Cassandra F; Schopper, M Joseph; Liangpunsakul, Suthat; Lteif, Amale A · Cohort

RPEP-09163 · 2024

Tirzepatide vs Semaglutide for Weight Loss: First Real-World Head-to-Head Comparison

Tirzepatide produced greater on-treatment weight loss than semaglutide in adults with overweight or obesity in a real-world clinical setting, with comparable gastrointestinal side effect rates.

Rodriguez, Patricia J; Goodwin Cartwright, Brianna M; Gratzl, Samuel; Brar, Rajdeep; Baker, Charlotte; Gluckman, Ty J; Stucky, Nicholas L · Cohort

RPEP-09164 · 2024

Semaglutide Reduces Body Fat in Obese Diabetes Patients Regardless of Formulation

Both oral and subcutaneous semaglutide significantly reduced fat mass and improved metabolic parameters in adults with obesity and type 2 diabetes over 24 weeks.

Rodríguez Jiménez, Beatriz; Rodríguez de Vera Gómez, Pablo; Belmonte Lomas, Samuel; Mesa Díaz, Ángel Manuel; Caballero Mateos, Irene; Galán, Irene; Morales Portillo, Cristóbal; Martínez-Brocca, María Asunción · Cohort

RPEP-09165 · 2024

How the Brain Links Body Fat Sensing to Fertility

Lipid and metabolic sensing pathways in the hypothalamus coordinate both body weight regulation and reproductive function, with disruptions contributing to metabolic and fertility disorders.

Rodríguez-Vázquez, Elvira; Aranda-Torrecillas, Álvaro; López-Sancho, María; Castellano, Juan M; Tena-Sempere, Manuel · Review

RPEP-09166 · 2024

FDA Needs Clearer Rules for Generic Peptide Drug Approval

Current FDA guidance for evaluating generic peptide drug sameness needs clarification on higher order structure assessment to ensure generic peptide drugs are safe and effective.

Rogers-Crovak, Jessica A; Delaney, Edward J; Detlefsen, David J · Review

RPEP-09167 · 2024

Electrophysiology Methods for Testing Venom Peptide Effects on Ion Channels

Patch-clamp electrophysiology is the most reliable method for assessing peptide toxin effects on ion channels, but is underutilized in Central and South American toxinology research due to technical and infrastructure barriers.

Rojas-Palomino, Jessica; Gómez-Restrepo, Alejandro; Salinas-Restrepo, Cristian; Segura, César; Giraldo, Marco A; Calderón, Juan C · Review

RPEP-09168 · 2024

Machine Learning Can Predict Who Will Respond to CGRP Migraine Drugs Within One Month

Machine learning models using early treatment data (up to one month) can predict 3-, 6-, and 12-month response to anti-CGRP antibodies in migraine patients.

Romozzi, Marina; Lokhandwala, Ammar; Vollono, Catello; Vigani, Giulia; Burgalassi, Andrea; García-Azorín, David; Calabresi, Paolo; Chiarugi, Alberto; Geppetti, Pierangelo; Iannone, Luigi Francesco · Cohort

RPEP-09169 · 2024

Graph Neural Networks Outperform Traditional Models for Predicting Blood Pressure Peptides

A graph convolutional network using molecular graph representations outperformed traditional machine learning models for predicting ACE-inhibitory peptides of varying lengths.

Rong, Yating; Feng, Baolong; Cai, Xiaoshuang; Song, Hongjie; Wang, Lili; Wang, Yehui; Yan, Xinxu; Sun, Yulin; Zhao, Jinyong; Li, Ping; Yang, Huihui; Wang, Yutang; Wang, Fengzhong · In Vitro

RPEP-09170 · 2024

Fat Tissue Has Its Own Appetite Control System Involving Melanocortin 3 Receptors

The melanocortin 3 receptor in adipose tissue is regulated by ghrelin and leptin, and its disruption in obesity suggests it could be a therapeutic target for metabolic disease.

Rosendo-Silva, Daniela; Lopes, Eduardo; Monteiro-Alfredo, Tamaeh; Falcão-Pires, Inês; Eickhoff, Hans; Viana, Sofia; Reis, Flávio; Pires, Ana Salomé; Abrantes, Ana Margarida; Botelho, Maria Filomena; Seiça, Raquel; Matafome, Paulo · In Vitro

RPEP-09171 · 2024

Harmine Plus GLP-1 Drug Safely Grows Human Beta Cells in Living Mice

Harmine plus exendin-4 combination therapy safely increased human beta cell mass in vivo in a mouse xenograft system without causing harmful proliferation.

Rosselot, Carolina; Li, Yansui; Wang, Peng; Alvarsson, Alexandra; Beliard, Kara; Lu, Geming; Kang, Randy; Li, Rosemary; Liu, Hongtao; Gillespie, Virginia; Tzavaras, Nikolaos; Kumar, Kunal; DeVita, Robert J; Stewart, Andrew F; Stanley, Sarah A; Garcia-Ocaña, Adolfo · Animal Study

RPEP-09172 · 2024

Liraglutide Prevents Post-Menopausal Weight and Fat Gain in Rats

Liraglutide prevented body weight gain, fat mass accumulation, and glucose intolerance in ovariectomized rats, a model of post-menopausal metabolic changes.

Rossetti, Camila Lüdke; Andrade, Iris Soares; Fonte Boa, Luiz Fernando; Neves, Marcelo Barbosa; Fassarella, Larissa Brito; Bertasso, Iala Milene; Souza, Maria das Graças Coelho de; Bouskela, Eliete; Lisboa, Patrícia Cristina; Takyia, Christina Maeda; Trevenzoli, Isis Hara; Fortunato, Rodrigo Soares; Carvalho, Denise Pires de · Animal Study

RPEP-09173 · 2024

GLP-1 Drugs Work Even When Fat Tissue Is Almost Absent

A GLP-1 receptor agonist improved glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, and metabolic disease in lipodystrophic mice, even in the near-complete absence of adipose tissue.

Roumane, Ahlima; Mcilroy, George D; Sommer, Nadine; Han, Weiping; Heisler, Lora K; Rochford, Justin J · Animal Study

RPEP-09174 · 2024

Self-Assembling Peptides That Mimic Growth Factor Signaling for Tissue Engineering

Self-assembling peptides were engineered to mimic IGF signaling and form biocompatible hydrogels that activate IGF receptors, providing localized growth factor signaling for tissue engineering.

Roy, Abhishek; Dodd-O, Joseph B; Robang, Alicia S; He, Dongjing; West, Owen; Siddiqui, Zain; Aguas, Erika Davidoff; Goldberg, Hannah; Griffith, Alexandra; Heffernan, Corey; Hu, Yuhang; Paravastu, Anant K; Kumar, Vivek A · In Vitro