Browse more peptide research, methods and limitations.
Squamous cell lung cancer patients showed significantly weaker T cell responses to tumor peptide antigens than adenocarcinoma patients despite higher antigen expression, indicating subtype-specific immune suppression.
Palata, Ondrej; Podzimkova Hradilova, Nada; Mysiková, Dagmar; Kutna, Beata; Mrazkova, Hana; Lischke, Robert; Spisek, Radek; Adkins, Irena · Observational
Nbz/MeNbz thioester surrogates enable Fmoc-SPPS compatible native chemical ligation, demonstrated by successful synthesis and cyclization of the heterodimeric antimicrobial defensin RTD-1.
Palà-Pujadas, Judith; Blanco-Canosa, Juan B · Methodology
16A-MMAE ADC targeting the GSTA glycosite-specific neoantigen peptide of MUC1 showed IC50 of 0.2-49.4 nM against cancer cells and dose-dependent tumor inhibition in vivo at 1 mg/kg minimum effective dose.
Pan, Deng; Tang, Yubo; Tong, Jiao; Xie, Chengmei; Chen, Jiaxi; Feng, Chunchao; Hwu, Patrick; Huang, Wei; Zhou, Dapeng · Animal Study
Both Selank and Semax modulated functional connectivity between right amygdala and right temporal cortex regions (fusiform, inferior/middle temporal, parahippocampal gyri) with both shared and peptide-specific effects.
Panikratova, Ya R; Lebedeva, I S; Sokolov, O Yu; Rumshiskaya, A D; Kupriyanov, D A; Kost, N V; Myasoedov, N F · Rct
HBD2 at nanomolar concentrations significantly inhibits P. aeruginosa biofilm without compromising metabolic activity, through outer membrane protein alterations rather than quorum sensing interference.
Parducho, Kevin R; Beadell, Brent; Ybarra, Tiffany K; Bush, Mabel; Escalera, Erick; Trejos, Aldo T; Chieng, Andy; Mendez, Marlon; Anderson, Chance; Park, Hyunsook; Wang, Yixian; Lu, Wuyuan; Porter, Edith · In Vitro
BPC-157 rescues NSAID-induced gut damage by stabilizing intestinal permeability and providing cytoprotection across the GI tract and other organs, potentially addressing leaky gut syndrome.
Park, Jong M; Lee, Ho J; Sikiric, Predrag; Hahm, Ki B · Review
Semaglutide subcutaneous was superior to dulaglutide and exenatide ER for HbA1c and weight reduction in head-to-head trials, with both semaglutide and dulaglutide showing cardiovascular and renal benefits.
Patel, Dhiren · Review
GLP-1 RAs (liraglutide, semaglutide, albiglutide, dulaglutide) reduce MACE in T2DM patients with CV disease, while DPP-4 inhibitors show CV safety but no MACE benefit, with saxagliptin increasing HF risk.
Patel, Kershaw V; Sarraju, Ashish; Neeland, Ian J; McGuire, Darren K · Review
Linear PEI/pDNA polyplexes successfully transfected human keratinocytes and fibroblasts to overexpress LL-37, with supernatants reducing S. aureus growth by 95.8%.
Patiño Vargas, Maria Isabel; Mesa Cadavid, Mónica; Arenas Gómez, Claudia Marcela; Diosa Arango, Johnatan; Restrepo Múnera, Luz Marina; Becerra Colorado, Natalia Yiset · In Vitro
Free fatty acids induce PYY via Xbp1 activation in L-cells, but triglyceride re-esterification rate determines signal duration — chronic high-fat diets accelerate re-esterification and blunt PYY response.
Paton, Chad M; Son, Yura; Vaughan, Roger A; Cooper, Jamie A · Animal Study
The intramolecular disulfide bond in bLfcin increased β-turn structure and enhanced antibacterial activity against T. pyogenes mastitis isolates compared to derivatives without the bond.
Pei, Jie; Xiong, Lin; Chu, Min; Guo, Xian; Yan, Ping · In Vitro
Acid loading of kidney collecting duct cells induces cathelicidin and beta-defensin expression via HIF-1α, increasing resistance to uropathogenic E. coli infection.
Peng, Hu; Purkerson, Jeffrey M; Freeman, Robert S; Schwaderer, Andrew L; Schwartz, George J · In Vitro
All four anti-CGRP monoclonal antibodies demonstrated significant reductions in monthly migraine days across multiple Phase 2-3 clinical trials, with favorable safety profiles compared to existing preventive treatments.
Pervez, Hira; Khemani, Lavina; Khan, Mahrukh A; Seedat, Ahmed M; Roshan, Fnu · Review
All synthesized penetratin analogues demonstrated measurable trans-corneal diffusion despite their hydrophilic nature and ~1.6 kDa size, though none achieved the penetration efficiency of full-length penetratin.
Pescina, Silvia; Sala, Marina; Scala, Maria Carmina; Santi, Patrizia; Padula, Cristina; Campiglia, Pietro; Ostacolo, Carmine; Nicoli, Sara · In Vitro
Semaglutide demonstrated cardiovascular superiority in SUSTAIN 6, with a safety profile typical of GLP-1RAs. The only concerning signal was increased diabetic retinopathy events, likely related to rapid glucose lowering rather than direct drug toxicity.
Peter, Rajesh; Bain, Steve C · Review
A case of renal infarction (blood flow blockage to the kidney) was reported in a patient using Melanotan II, a non-selective melanocortin receptor agonist used illicitly for skin tanning and sexual enhancement. The renal infarction was most likely attributed to the Melanotan II use. The authors propose two possible mechanisms for the kidney injury: a thrombotic (blood clot) effect from the drug's pharmacological action, and a possible direct toxic effect on kidney tissue. Previous reports had already linked Melanotan II to rhabdomyolysis (muscle breakdown) and kidney failure, and this case adds renal infarction to the list of serious adverse events.
Peters, Björn; Hadimeri, Henrik; Wahlberg, Rebecka; Afghahi, Henri · Case Report
Both personal cancer vaccines (PCVs) and the shared FAST vaccine reduced primary tumor incidence, tumor growth, and lung metastases as monotherapies and in combination with anti-PD-L1/CTLA-4 checkpoint inhibitors. The FAST vaccine induced robust T-cell responses.
Peterson, Milene; Murphy, Sierra Nicole; Lainson, John; Zhang, Jian; Shen, Luhui; Diehnelt, Chris W; Johnston, Stephen Albert · Animal Study
Lixisenatide showed 5-fold lower cAMP signaling potency than exendin-4 despite equal binding affinity, with slower GLP-1 receptor recycling. An N-terminal His1→Phe1 substitution improved the pharmacology of both ligands.
Pickford, Philip; Lucey, Maria; Fang, Zijian; Bitsi, Stavroula; de la Serna, Jorge Bernardino; Broichhagen, Johannes; Hodson, David J; Minnion, James; Rutter, Guy A; Bloom, Stephen R; Tomas, Alejandra; Jones, Ben · Animal Study
CLFchimera showed the highest DNA binding affinity among the three peptides. At a concentration of four copies per DNA segment, it began breaking hydrogen bonds between DNA strands, suggesting a concentration-dependent mechanism of bacterial killing.
Pirkhezranian, Zana; Tahmoorespur, Mojtaba; Daura, Xavier; Monhemi, Hassan; Sekhavati, Mohammad Hadi · Computational
Tβ4 at 10 ng/mL improved diabetic EPC migration, tubule formation, and angiogenic factor secretion in vitro, and increased capillary density in vivo, but only non-Tβ4-treated EPCs significantly improved left ventricular ejection fraction.
Poh, Kian Keong; Lee, Poay Sian Sabrina; Djohan, Andie Hartanto; Galupo, Mary Joyce; Songco, Geronica Gorospe; Yeo, Tiong Cheng; Tan, Huay Cheem; Richards, Arthur Mark; Ye, Lei · Animal Study
Same-site vaccination (SSV×3) with peptides in IFA dramatically enhanced Th1 markers (TBX21, IFNγ, STAT1), reduced immunosuppressive ARG1, increased TLR adapter expression, and promoted tertiary lymphoid structure formation at the vaccine site.
Pollack, Karlyn E; Meneveau, Max O; Melssen, Marit M; Lynch, Kevin T; Koeppel, Alexander F; Young, Samuel J; Turner, Stephen; Kumar, Pankaj; Sol-Church, Katia; Mauldin, Ileana S; Slingluff, Craig L · Clinical Observational
Optimized magnetic bead immunopurification coupled with LC-HRMS achieved a limit of detection of 0.2 ng/mL and limit of identification of 0.5 ng/mL for GHRH analogues in human urine, with acceptable precision and specificity.
Pont, Laura; Alechaga, Élida; Terrero, Alejandro; Monfort, Núria; Ventura, Rosa · Methodology
Protein trans-splicing using ultrafast split inteins can deliver synthetic modifications to chromatinized histones in living cells, creating native peptide bonds without leaving scars or tags.
Prescott, Nicholas A; David, Yael · Methodology
Smac-CPP nanoparticles combined with doxorubicin reduced tumor growth by 85% in vivo, with decreased Ki-67 proliferation staining and increased cleaved caspase-3 apoptosis staining in tumors.
Priwitaningrum, Dwi L; Jentsch, Julian; Bansal, Ruchi; Rahimian, Sima; Storm, Gert; Hennink, Wim E; Prakash, Jai · Animal Study
Defb20 is exclusively expressed in the caput epididymis, down-regulated by gonadectomy and efferent duct ligation, and first expressed at postnatal day 20, indicating androgen-dependent regulation linked to sperm maturation.
Pujianto, Dwi Ari; Muliawati, Dewi; Rizki, Meidika Dara; Parisudha, Annisa; Hardiyanto, Lutfi · Animal Study
INH-CPP conjugates showed conjugation-induced structural and membrane interaction changes that correlated with each other; Penetratin and Transportan conjugates had similar cell uptake but different subcellular localization and anti-Mtb activity.
Pári, Edit; Horváti, Kata; Bősze, Szilvia; Biri-Kovács, Beáta; Szeder, Bálint; Zsila, Ferenc; Kiss, Éva · In Vitro
Polyphenol-bioactive peptide interactions during digestion can alter the bioavailability and biological function of both compounds, with implications for functional food and nutraceutical design.
Pérez-Gregorio, Rosa; Soares, Susana; Mateus, Nuno; de Freitas, Victor · Review
Snake venom-derived peptides demonstrate validated antimicrobial and anticancer activities, with several compounds showing dual functionality against both drug-resistant bacteria and tumor cells through membrane-disrupting mechanisms.
Pérez-Peinado, Clara; Defaus, Sira; Andreu, David · Review
Ctn and Ctn[15-34] kill leukemia cells via dual membranolytic and intracellular mechanisms, with 17-fold and 7-fold tumor selectivity respectively, and protease stability up to 18-24 hours.
Pérez-Peinado, Clara; Valle, Javier; Freire, João M; Andreu, David · In Vitro
ERJ-CP at 3 mg/mL extended natural aging Drosophila lifespan by 11.16%, upregulated antioxidant enzymes (T-SOD, GSH-Px, CAT), and reduced oxidative damage markers (MDA, PCO) while improving physical performance.
Qiu, Wenjing; Chen, Xu; Tian, Yongqi; Wu, Daping; Du, Ming; Wang, Shaoyun · Animal Study
Tβ4-treated fat grafts showed superior volume retention, weight preservation, adipocyte viability, tissue integrity, and angiogenesis at 2, 4, and 12 weeks compared to controls, with enhanced microcirculation confirmed by DCE-MRI.
Qu, Yaping; Wang, Qian; Fu, Su; Guo, Xiaoshuang; Luan, Jie; Mu, Dali · Animal Study
Immediate intrathecal sPLA2 inhibition after C7 nerve root compression prevented mechanical allodynia, attenuated dorsal horn hyperexcitability, restored normal neuronal classification, and reduced mGluR5, substance P, IL1α, and IL1β gene expression to sham levels.
Quindlen-Hotek, Julia C; Kartha, Sonia; Winkelstein, Beth A · Animal Study
Bovine lactoferrin hydrolysate achieved a minimal biofilm inhibitory concentration (MIBC) of 2.5 mg/mL against most staphylococcal strains — 4-8x lower than the minimal inhibitory concentration for direct killing. Purified peptides LFcinB and LFampin showed even lower MIBCs.
Quintieri, Laura; Caputo, Leonardo; Monaci, Linda; Cavalluzzi, Maria Maddalena; Denora, Nunzio · In Vitro
Low BMI individuals with latent TB had diminished systemic, baseline, and mycobacterial antigen-stimulated levels of HNP1-3, granulysin, HBD-2, and cathelicidin compared to normal BMI counterparts, with positive BMI-AMP correlations.
Rajamanickam, Anuradha; Munisankar, Saravanan; Dolla, Chandra Kumar; Babu, Subash · Observational
TAT-FADD entered cancer cells via caveolar endocytosis, assembled DISC to trigger apoptosis, suppressed NF-κB and downstream anti-apoptotic genes (Bcl2, cFLIPL, RIP1, cIAP2), and inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome priming and IL-1β secretion.
Ranjan, Kishu; Waghela, Bhargav N; Vaidya, Foram U; Pathak, Chandramani · In Vitro
ProTECT automates cancer neoepitope peptide identification from patient data, identifying recurrent neoepitopes from TMPRSS2-ERG fusions and SPOP mutations in prostate cancer.
Rao, Arjun A; Madejska, Ada A; Pfeil, Jacob; Paten, Benedict; Salama, Sofie R; Haussler, David · Computational
Both MIA-690 (antagonist) and MR-409 (agonist) produced anxiolytic and antidepressant-like effects, increased monoamine neurotransmitters, decreased NF-κB/TNF-α/IL-6, and increased Nrf2 expression in mouse prefrontal cortex, with MIA-690 showing higher anti-inflammatory efficacy.
Recinella, Lucia; Chiavaroli, Annalisa; Orlando, Giustino; Ferrante, Claudio; Marconi, Guya Diletta; Gesmundo, Iacopo; Granata, Riccarda; Cai, Renzhi; Sha, Wei; Schally, Andrew V; Brunetti, Luigi; Leone, Sheila · Animal Study
The adamantane/β-cyclodextrin host-guest pair successfully anchored RGDS epitopes onto peptide amphiphile hydrogels via noncovalent interactions, supporting fibroblast attachment, organization, and spreading while maintaining hydrogel structural properties.
Redondo-Gómez, Carlos; Padilla-Lopategui, Soraya; Azevedo, Helena S; Mata, Alvaro · In Vitro
TSCP at 1 mg/mL reduced AAPH-induced hemolysis from 56.35% to 18.78% (p<0.01). At 2.5 mg/10g/day oral dosing, TSCP prolonged exhaustive swimming time while decreasing serum lactic acid, urea nitrogen, and creatine kinase, and increasing glycogen and SOD.
Ren, Yao; Wu, Hui; Chi, Yuanlong; Deng, Ruijie; He, Qiang · Animal Study
Tα1 prevented CTLA-4 inhibitor-induced intestinal immunopathology via IDO1-dependent tolerogenic pathways in the gut, while modulating tumor-infiltrating T cells to increase the CD8+/Treg ratio through context-dependent mechanisms.
Renga, Giorgia; Bellet, Marina M; Pariano, Marilena; Gargaro, Marco; Stincardini, Claudia; D'Onofrio, Fiorella; Mosci, Paolo; Brancorsini, Stefano; Bartoli, Andrea; Goldstein, Allan L; Garaci, Enrico; Romani, Luigina; Costantini, Claudio · Animal Study
DerAB specifically confers resistance against insect-derived cysteine-stabilized αβ defensins. Its absence paradoxically increases nisin resistance by relieving signaling interference on the PsdRSAB module, allowing hyperactivation of nisin defense.
Revilla-Guarinos, Ainhoa; Zhang, Qian; Loderer, Christoph; Alcántara, Cristina; Müller, Ariane; Rahnamaeian, Mohammad; Vilcinskas, Andreas; Gebhard, Susanne; Zúñiga, Manuel; Mascher, Thorsten · In Vitro
MCR-based stapled peptides achieved potent dual antagonism of MDM2 and MDMX binding to p53, with crystal structures demonstrating direct staple-protein interactions that contribute to binding affinity.
Ricardo, Manuel G; Ali, Ameena M; Plewka, Jacek; Surmiak, Ewa; Labuzek, Beata; Neochoritis, Constantinos G; Atmaj, Jack; Skalniak, Lukasz; Zhang, Ran; Holak, Tad A; Groves, Matthew; Rivera, Daniel G; Dömling, Alexander · In Vitro
RNase 7 was significantly decreased in skin of diabetic patients with and without foot ulcers compared to healthy donors. Metformin reduced RNase 7 expression in keratinocytes in vitro, while calcitriol, phenyl butyrate, and L-isoleucine did not restore it.
Rodríguez-Carlos, Adrian; Trujillo, Valentin; Gonzalez-Curiel, Irma; Marin-Luevano, Sara; Torres-Juarez, Flor; Santos-Mena, Alan; Rivas-Santiago, Cesar; Enciso-Moreno, Jose A; Zaga-Clavellina, Veronica; Rivas-Santiago, Bruno · Observational
Coptis chinensis downregulated KLK5 and cathelicidin expression, inhibited KLK5 protease activity (reducing LL-37 processing), decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines, blocked TLR2/chitin signaling, and inhibited LL-37-induced endothelial cell proliferation.
Roh, Kyung-Baeg; Ryu, De-Hun; Cho, Eunae; Weon, Jin Bae; Park, Deokhoon; Kweon, Dae-Hyuk; Jung, Eunsun · In Vitro
Urocortin and CRF produce pre- and postsynaptic excitatory effects on LDT cholinergic neurons through CRFR1 receptors, recruiting MAPK/ERK and SERCA-ATPase pathways.
Romero-Leguizamón, Cesar R; Kohlmeier, Kristi A · In Vitro
MRAP2 inhibited GHSR1a constitutive activity, enhanced Gαq-dependent signaling, and blocked β-arrestin recruitment/signaling in response to ghrelin, with the Gαq and β-arrestin effects mediated by distinct MRAP2 regions.
Rouault, Alix A J; Rosselli-Murai, Luciana K; Hernandez, Ciria C; Gimenez, Luis E; Tall, Gregory G; Sebag, Julien A · In Vitro
Neither DPP-4 inhibitors (HR 1.07, 95% CI 0.87-1.32) nor GLP-1 receptor agonists (HR 1.02, 95% CI 0.68-1.54) were associated with increased lung cancer risk, with no duration-response relationship.
Rouette, J; Yin, H; Yu, O H Y; Bouganim, N; Platt, R W; Azoulay, L · Cohort
CPPs escape endosomes through a budding-and-collapse mechanism: CPP-enriched vesicles bud from the endosomal membrane and subsequently collapse, releasing cargo into the cytosol.
Sahni, Ashweta; Qian, Ziqing; Pei, Dehua · In Vitro
Smaller vesicles suppressed CPP cytolysis despite higher membrane curvature, because reduced lipid mobility in smaller vesicles restricts the local phase transitions required for CPP membrane penetration.
Sakamoto, Kazutami; Kitano, Takeshi; Kuwahara, Haruka; Tedani, Megumi; Aburai, Kenichi; Futaki, Shiroh; Abe, Masahiko; Sakai, Hideki; Ohtaka, Hiroyasu; Yamashita, Yuji · In Vitro
CPP cytolysis occurs in two steps: rapid adsorption (saturated within 10 min) followed by linear-rate internalization dependent on osmotic pressure. The mechanism involves Lα to Mesh1 lipid phase transition creating punctured bilayer morphologies.
Sakamoto, Kazutami; Morishita, Taku; Aburai, Kenichi; Sakai, Kenichi; Abe, Masahiko; Nakase, Ikuhiko; Futaki, Shiroh; Sakai, Hideki · In Vitro