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Study breakdown

Substance P Levels Are Elevated in Colorectal Cancer Patients, and Tumors Overexpress Its Receptor

ObservationalLow Moderate evidence
The takeaway

Colorectal cancer patients had significantly higher serum substance P and their tumors overexpressed the NK-1 receptor compared to normal tissue, suggesting a role in tumor growth.

P=0.001 elevated SP

Serum substance P was significantly higher in colorectal cancer patients than healthy controls

What the researchers found

Serum substance P was significantly elevated in CRC patients (P=0.001) and tumor tissues overexpressed NK-1R compared to adjacent normal tissue (P=0.01).

Why it matters

NK-1 receptor antagonists (like aprepitant, used for nausea) already exist. If SP/NK-1R drives colorectal cancer, these drugs could potentially be repurposed as cancer therapies.

The numbers in context

SP elevated in serum (p=0.001); NK-1R higher in tumor vs adjacent tissue (p=0.01); no correlation with tumor size or lymph nodes

How the study worked

Observational study: 38 CRC patients; serum substance P by ELISA (cases vs healthy controls); NK-1R immunohistochemistry in tumor vs adjacent normal tissue; correlation with tumor size and lymph node status.

Who was studied

38 patients newly diagnosed with colorectal cancer and a healthy control group

What this study cannot tell us

Small sample (38 patients); no correlation with clinical outcomes (survival); observational design — cannot prove causation; NK-1R expression didn't correlate with tumor characteristics.

How to read the evidence

Low-moderate — statistically significant findings in a small observational study without functional validation or outcome data.

When this study was published

Published in 2020; substance P/NK-1R as a cancer target is gaining research interest.

The bigger picture

Substance P's role in cancer extends beyond pain — it may actively promote tumor growth through the NK-1R. This adds colorectal cancer to the list of malignancies where neuropeptide signaling may be targetable.

Questions still open

  • Would NK-1 receptor antagonists (aprepitant) slow colorectal cancer growth?
  • Can serum substance P serve as a screening biomarker for CRC?
  • Does substance P promote CRC through angiogenesis, proliferation, or immune evasion?

Common questions

What is substance P's role in cancer?
Beyond its known role in pain, substance P can stimulate cancer cell growth, promote blood vessel formation in tumors, and help cancer cells migrate — all by activating NK-1 receptors.
Could anti-nausea drugs help fight colon cancer?
Aprepitant, an NK-1 receptor blocker used for chemotherapy nausea, could theoretically block substance P's cancer-promoting effects. Clinical trials would be needed to test this.

Read the original research

Evaluation of serum level of substance P and tissue distribution of NK-1 receptor in colorectal cancer.

Molecular biology reports, 47(5), 3469-3474

Citation

Lorestani, Shima; Ghahremanloo, Atefeh; Jangjoo, Ali; Abedi, Maedeh; Hashemy, Seyed Isaac. (2020). Evaluation of serum level of substance P and tissue distribution of NK-1 receptor in colorectal cancer.. Molecular biology reports, 47(5), 3469-3474. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-020-05432-4