Peptide Tirzepatide Research

Role of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 and Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide/Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in Management of Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic (CKM) Conditions.

Alicic, Radica Z · 2025

Review of GLP-1 and GIP receptor agonists'expanding role covers their guideline-directed use across cardiovascular, kidney, and metabolic conditions with emerging evidence for dual agonism..

Incretin-based therapies: advancements, challenges, and future directions in type 2 diabetes management.

Alluri, Amruth A · 2025

Review of incretin-based therapy advancements covers dual/triple agonists, oral formulations, and combination strategies with discussion of challenges and future research directions..

Bariatric Surgery and GLP-1/GIP Medications for the Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnoea: A Comprehensive Review.

Alnagar, Amr · 2025

Review of GLP-1/GIP drugs and bariatric surgery for obstructive sleep apnea shows both approaches improve OSA through weight loss, with drugs offering a non-surgical alternative..

Advancements and challenges in the management of obesity using pharmacotherapy (Review).

Alotaibi, Saqer S · 2025

Review of obesity pharmacotherapy advancements and challenges covers GLP-1/GIP drugs, emerging agents, access barriers, and the evolving treatment landscape..

Effects of Tirzepatide in Type 2 Diabetes: Individual Variation and Relationship to Cardiometabolic Outcomes.

Aminorroaya, Arya · 2025

Analysis of individual variation in tirzepatide type 2 diabetes response identifies patient characteristics predicting who achieves the best glycemic and weight outcomes..

Tirzepatide Associated With Reduced Albuminuria in Participants With Type 2 Diabetes: Pooled Post Hoc Analysis From the Randomized Active- and Placebo-Controlled SURPASS-1-5 Clinical Trials.

Apperloo, Ellen M · 2025

Tirzepatide was associated with reduced albuminuria in T2D participants, adding kidney-protective evidence for this GLP-1/GIP dual agonist..

Weight reduction over time in tirzepatide-treated participants by early weight loss response: Post hoc analysis in SURMOUNT-1.

Ard, Jamy · 2025

Analysis of weight reduction over time in tirzepatide-treated participants shows early response patterns predict long-term weight loss success..

Tirzepatide as Compared with Semaglutide for the Treatment of Obesity.

Aronne, Louis J · 2025

Head-to-head comparison of tirzepatide vs semaglutide for obesity treatment finds tirzepatide produces greater weight loss, establishing dual agonism superiority..

Efficacy and Safety of Tirzepatide Compared with GLP-1 RAs in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Treated with Basal Insulin: A Network Meta-analysis.

Osumili, Beatrice · 2025

Tirzepatide at all doses (5, 10, 15 mg) significantly outperformed GLP-1 RAs for both blood sugar control and weight loss when combined with basal insulin..

What will the impact be of use of tirzepatide in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)?

Pack, Allan · 2025

About 50% of obese patients with OSA achieved resolution of their condition with tirzepatide over 52 weeks..

Influence of Type 2 Diabetes on the Effects of Tirzepatide in Patients With Heart Failure and a Preserved Ejection Fraction With Obesity: A Prespecified Stratification-Based Analysis.

Packer, Milton · 2025

Tirzepatide benefits for heart failure were consistent regardless of diabetes status: HR 0.64 with diabetes vs.

Interplay of Chronic Kidney Disease and the Effects of Tirzepatide in Patients With Heart Failure, Preserved Ejection Fraction, and Obesity: The SUMMIT Trial.

Packer, Milton · 2025

Tirzepatide improved heart failure outcomes equally in patients with and without CKD, but creatinine-based eGFR appeared to decline on tirzepatide while cystatin C-based eGFR improved—indicating the creatinine decline is an artifact of muscle loss from weight reduction, not true kidney deterioration..

Tirzepatide for Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction and Obesity.

Packer, Milton · 2025

Tirzepatide reduced the composite of cardiovascular death or worsening heart failure events by 38% (HR 0.62, p=0.026), and produced a 15% body weight reduction along with clinically meaningful improvements in quality-of-life scores and 6-minute walk distance..

Therapeutic Potential of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction (HFpEF) in Obese Patients.

Patel, Ravi · 2025

In STEP-HFpEF and SUMMIT trials, semaglutide and tirzepatide achieved 13.3% and 13.9% weight reduction, 21.5m and 26m improvements in 6MWD, 19.5 and 16.6 point KCCQ-CSS improvements, and 38.8% and 43.5% CRP reductions in obese HFpEF patients..

Predictors of Initial and Sustained Glycemic and Weight Response to Tirzepatide: A Post Hoc Analysis of SURPASS-4.

Pearson, Ewan R · 2025

75-84% of tirzepatide responders sustained HbA1c ≤6.5% through median 81 weeks; predictors included higher dose, shorter diabetes duration, better baseline beta-cell function, and greater weight loss..

Counterregulatory response to hypoglycemia during a hypoglycemic clamp in people with type 2 diabetes treated with tirzepatide.

Pieber, Thomas R · 2025

Tirzepatide 15 mg preserved counterregulatory hormone responses (including glucagon) during induced hypoglycemia, while lowering HbA1c by 1.5%..

Efficacy and safety of once-weekly tirzepatide for weight management compared to placebo: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis including the latest SURMOUNT-2 trial.

Qin, Wenhui · 2024

Weight loss was dose-dependent and significant at all three dose levels compared to placebo: - 5 mg: -8.07% body weight (about 7.5 kg lost) - 10 mg: -10.79% body weight (about 11 kg lost) - 15 mg: -11.83% body weight (about 11.5 kg lost) All three doses also reduced BMI and waist circumference.

Tirzepatide: unveiling a new dawn in dual-targeted diabetes and obesity management.

Rabbani, Syed Arman · 2024

Tirzepatide's dual mechanism activating both GIP and GLP-1 receptors produces superior efficacy compared to GLP-1-only drugs.

Evaluating the effectiveness and safety of various Tirzepatide dosages in the management of Type 2 diabetes mellitus: a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Rangwala, Hussain Sohail · 2024

Compared to tirzepatide 5 mg: - 10 mg: additional 19% HbA1c reduction (MD: -0.19), additional 1.96 kg weight loss - 15 mg: additional 31% HbA1c reduction (MD: -0.32), additional 3.31 kg weight loss, and improved fasting glucose (MD: -6.71 mg/dL) The dose-response relationship was clear and consistent across the 10 studies.

Tirzepatide modulates the regulation of adipocyte nutrient metabolism through long-acting activation of the GIP receptor.

Regmi, Ajit · 2024

In human adipocytes (fat cells): - With insulin present: GIP receptor activation enhanced insulin signaling, boosted glucose uptake, and increased conversion of glucose to glycerol (for fat storage) - Without insulin: GIP receptor activation increased lipolysis (fat breakdown and release) In diet-induced obese mice treated with a long-acting GIP receptor agonist: - Reduced circulating triglyceride levels during oral lipid challenge - Increased lipoprotein-derived fatty acid uptake into adipose tissue This dual action (storing fat when fed, releasing fat when fasting) explains how GIP activation can simultaneously improve blood lipids while supporting proper fat tissue function..

Semaglutide vs Tirzepatide for Weight Loss in Adults With Overweight or Obesity.

Rodriguez, Patricia J · 2024

Tirzepatide produced greater on-treatment weight loss than semaglutide in adults with overweight or obesity in a real-world clinical setting, with comparable gastrointestinal side effect rates..

Using Second-Generation Anti-Obesity Medications.

Schmitz, Sarah H · 2024

Second-generation anti-obesity medications achieve ~15% average weight loss with lifestyle modifications.

Approved and Emerging Hormone-Based Anti-Obesity Medications: A Review Article.

Sidrak, Wael R · 2024

The evolution from single-target GLP-1 drugs to dual and triple receptor agonists is producing dramatically greater weight loss: tirzepatide (GIP/GLP-1) achieves 17.8% and retatrutide (GLP-1/GCG/GIP tri-agonist) achieves 22.1% placebo-subtracted weight reduction..

Effect of tirzepatide on glycaemic control and weight loss compared with other glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Tsukamoto, Shunichiro · 2024

Tirzepatide demonstrated superior HbA1c reduction and body weight loss compared to GLP-1 receptor agonists alone in a network meta-analysis of 18 RCTs in Japanese type 2 diabetes patients..

Seven glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and polyagonists for weight loss in patients with obesity or overweight: an updated systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Xie, Zeyu · 2024

Retatrutide 12mg (−22.1% body weight, −17cm waist) and tirzepatide 15mg (−16.5%) were the most effective weight loss treatments.

Tirzepatide's innovative applications in the management of type 2 diabetes and its future prospects in cardiovascular health.

Yang, Jingqi · 2024

Tirzepatide across SURMOUNT/SURPASS trials achieved HbA1c reductions up to 2.24% and weight loss up to 11.2 kg with good tolerability.

Tirzepatide for Weight Reduction in Chinese Adults With Obesity: The SURMOUNT-CN Randomized Clinical Trial.

Zhao, Lin · 2024

Tirzepatide 15 mg: -17.5% body weight at 52 weeks (vs -2.3% placebo, P<0.001).

The mechanistic role of tirzepatide in atherosclerosis: A review.

Al-Kuraishy, Hayder M · 2025

Tirzepatide combats atherosclerosis through anti-inflammatory, endothelial protective, lipid-modifying, and plaque-stabilizing mechanisms via dual GLP-1/GIP receptor activation..

Real-World Safety Concerns of Tirzepatide: A Retrospective Analysis of FAERS Data (2022-2025).

Almansour, Hadi A · 2025

Retrospective analysis of FDA FAERS data identifies real-world safety concerns with tirzepatide beyond clinical trial reporting, including GI events and hypoglycemia patterns..

Psychological and behavioral effects of GLP-1 and GIP agonists in weight loss: a comprehensive review.

Ameer, Fatima · 2025

Review of psychological and behavioral effects of GLP-1/GIP agonists covers mood, food reward, addiction, cognition, and mental health implications of these metabolic drugs..

A Descriptive Analysis from VigiAccess on Drug-related Problems Associated with the Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists.

Amirthalingam, Palanisamy · 2025

Descriptive analysis from VigiAccess global pharmacovigilance database characterizes drug-related problems associated with semaglutide across international reporting systems..

Dual and Triple Gut Peptide Agonists on the Horizon for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity. An Overview of Preclinical and Clinical Data.

Anastasiou, Ioanna Α · 2025

Review of dual and triple gut peptide agonists on the horizon covers tirzepatide, retatrutide, CagriSema, and other multi-target obesity drugs approaching clinical use..

Short-term effects of low-dose tirzepatide on lipid profile, glucose homeostasis and hepatic steatosis index in adults with obesity, but without diabetes mellitus: a prospective observational study.

Angelopoulos, Nikolaos · 2025

Short-term low-dose tirzepatide improved lipid profiles, glucose homeostasis, and inflammatory markers, showing metabolic benefits begin even at starting doses..

The Long-Term Cost-Effectiveness of Tirzepatide 5 mg versus Dulaglutide 0.75 mg for the Treatment of People with Type 2 Diabetes in Japan.

Aranishi, Toshihiko · 2025

Cost-effectiveness analysis shows tirzepatide 5 mg provides superior long-term value compared to dulaglutide through greater metabolic improvements and complication prevention..

The effect of obesity pharmacotherapy on body composition, including muscle mass.

Argyrakopoulou, Georgia · 2025

Review of obesity pharmacotherapy effects on body composition examines how GLP-1 and related drugs affect muscle mass, fat distribution, and bone density during weight loss..

Guts, Glucose, and Gallbladders: The Protective Role of GLP-1/GIP Receptor Agonists Against Biliary Complications in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Kazi, Muhammad Ali Ibrahim · 2025

In a surprising finding, GLP-1 and dual GLP-1/GIP drugs (semaglutide and tirzepatide) were associated with substantially reduced — not increased — risks of gallstone-related complications in patients who have both type 2 diabetes and inflammatory bowel disease.

Trends in Utilization of Glucose- and Weight-Lowering Medications After Tirzepatide Approval in the United States : A Population-Based Cohort Study.

Ostrominski, John W · 2025

Tirzepatide reached 12.3% of diabetes medication dispensations and 40.6% of weight-loss medication dispensations within about 18 months of market entry..

A Short-Term Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Tirzepatide Versus Semaglutide for the Treatment of Obesity in Greece.

Papantoniou, Panagiotis · 2025

Tirzepatide cost €5,646 vs semaglutide €3,202 over 72 weeks.

GLP-1 receptor agonists and GIP/GLP-1 co-agonists in the treatment of obesity in adolescents and the elderly.

Pérez López, Gilberto · 2025

GLP-1 RAs and tirzepatide show promising efficacy and safety in adolescent and elderly obesity populations, though evidence is more limited than in middle-aged adults..

Understanding the activation mechanism of GLP-1R/GIPR by dual agonist Tirzepatide via molecular dynamics and protein-peptide binding.

Zou, Xuejun · 2025

Molecular dynamics simulations revealed how tirzepatide activates both the GLP-1 and GIP receptors.

Achievement of normoglycemia with tirzepatide in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A step closer to drug-induced diabetes remission?

Popovic, Djordje S · 2024

Tirzepatide did not just improve blood sugar control.

Tirzepatide use and the risk of cancer among individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Popovic, Djordje S · 2024

Across all 9 trials, tirzepatide did not increase the risk of cancer overall or any specific cancer type.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in type 2 diabetes: Emerging evidence of benefit of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors agonists and incretin-based therapies.

Pramanik, Subhodip · 2024

PPAR agonists work by making cells more sensitive to insulin.

Tirzepatide, GIP(1-42) and GIP(1-30) display unique signaling profiles at two common GIP receptor variants, E354 and Q354.

Rees, Tayla A · 2024

Tirzepatide showed biased agonism at the GIP receptor, meaning it preferentially activated the Gαs/cAMP pathway while having weaker effects on IP1 accumulation, AKT, ERK1/2, and CREB phosphorylation.

The Effect of Tirzepatide on Body Composition in People with Overweight and Obesity: A Systematic Review of Randomized, Controlled Studies.

Rochira, Vincenzo · 2024

Tirzepatide consistently reduces fat mass in people with overweight or obesity, but the ratio of fat to lean mass loss varies and requires attention in clinical practice..

Evaluating the Impact of Novel Incretin Therapies on Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes: An Early Systematic Review.

Salmen, Teodor · 2024

Both tirzepatide and retatrutide improve glycemia, HbA1c, body weight, lipid profiles, blood pressure, and renal parameters in type 2 diabetes patients.

Class B1 GPCRs: insights into multireceptor pharmacology for the treatment of metabolic disease.

Sangwung, Panjamaporn · 2024

Class B1 GPCRs use an evolutionarily conserved two-step activation mechanism: the C-terminus of the peptide ligand binds to an extracellular hydrophobic groove, then the N-terminus engages a large transmembrane pocket.

Model-based simulation of glycaemic effect and body weight loss when switching from semaglutide or dulaglutide to once weekly tirzepatide.

Urva, Shweta · 2024

Model-based simulations predict additional HbA1c and body weight reductions when switching from semaglutide or dulaglutide to tirzepatide, with magnitude depending on prior therapy and dose..

Update on Perioperative Medication Management for the Hand Surgeon: A Focus on Diabetes, Weight Loss, Rheumatologic, and Antithrombotic Medications.

Xu, Wen · 2024

GLP-1 receptor agonists cause delayed gastric emptying that increases aspiration risk under anesthesia.

Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Anti-Obesity Medications Among Adult East Asian People with Obesity: A Systematic Literature Review and Indirect Treatment Comparison.

Yokote, Koutaro · 2024

Semaglutide (STEP 6) significantly reduced body weight and cardiometabolic risk factors (HbA1c, cholesterol, blood pressure) in Japanese and South Korean patients with obesity.

New drugs for type 2 diabetes mellitus: what is their place in therapy?

Krentz, Andrew J · 2008

New diabetes drugs include GLP-1 agonists (exenatide, liraglutide: injectable, weight loss, low hypo risk), DPP-4 inhibitors (sitagliptin, vildagliptin: oral, weight neutral), and amylin analog (pramlintide) — peptide-based drugs transforming type 2 diabetes treatment..

A comparison of Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists on weight change, side effects, and quality of life in Kuwait.

Alali, Saleh · 2025

Comparison of three leading GLP-1/GIP drugs for weight loss found tirzepatide produced the most weight loss, followed by semaglutide, then liraglutide, with varying side effect profiles..

Tirzepatide therapy counters inflammatory and apoptotic responses induced by high-fat diet in rat liver.

Alathary, Ashraf · 2025

Tirzepatide countered inflammatory and apoptotic responses induced by high-fat conditions, demonstrating direct cellular protective effects of GLP-1/GIP dual agonism..

Assessing the therapeutic potential of Tirzepatide in modulating inflammatory responses and mitigating acute pancreatitis.

Alawaji, Razan · 2025

Review assesses tirzepatide's potential for modulating inflammatory responses through GLP-1/GIP dual agonism, with implications for inflammatory diseases beyond diabetes..

Comparative Analysis of Pioglitazone and Tirzepatide on Body Weight, Glucose Levels, Neuroinflammation, and Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Rats.

Alhowail, Ahmad · 2025

Comparative analysis of pioglitazone and tirzepatide on body weight and glucose shows tirzepatide superior for weight loss while both effectively lower blood sugar through different mechanisms..

Acute Kidney Injury After Accelerated Dosing of Tirzepatide in a Patient with Multiple Comorbidities: A Case Report.

Almansour, Abdulelah H · 2025

Case report of acute kidney injury following accelerated tirzepatide dosing in a patient with multiple comorbidities highlights the importance of gradual dose titration..

Impact of Fasting on Physical Activity Motivation and Weight Reduction in Patients Administered Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Agonists: A Qualitative Study.

Almaqhawi, Abdullah · 2025

Study examines how fasting impacts physical activity motivation and weight reduction in patients on GLP-1 drugs, with implications for optimizing lifestyle during treatment..

Ineffectiveness of tirzepatide in mitigating Doxorubicin-induced oxidative stress and cognitive deficits in a rat model.

Alolayan, Salma A · 2025

Tirzepatide was ineffective at mitigating doxorubicin-induced oxidative stress and cardiotoxicity, suggesting not all GLP-1/GIP drug protective effects extend to chemotherapy damage..

Novel finding of pulmonary embolism following tirzepatide (Manjaro) use in a young adult without risk factors of venous thromboembolic events.

Alsararatee, Hasan H · 2025

First report of pulmonary embolism following tirzepatide use adds to pharmacovigilance data for this GLP-1/GIP dual agonist with a potential thromboembolic signal..

A novel therapeutic prospect: a dual-acting tirzepatide for Alzheimer's disease.

Alshehri, Ghadah H · 2025

Review of tirzepatide's dual GLP-1/GIP mechanism explores therapeutic prospects across diabetes, obesity, NASH, cardiovascular disease, and emerging indications..

Tirzepatide: a novel therapeutic approach for Alzheimer's disease.

Alshehri, Ghadah H · 2025

Review proposes tirzepatide as a novel therapeutic approach for Alzheimer's disease through dual GLP-1/GIP neuroprotective mechanisms targeting neuroinflammation and metabolic dysfunction..

The effects of anti-obesity medications on bone metabolism: A critical appraisal.

Anastasilakis, Athanasios D · 2025

Critical review of anti-obesity medication effects on bone metabolism examines how GLP-1 drugs and other weight loss agents affect bone density and fracture risk during weight loss..

Effect of Tirzepatide Treatment on Hepatic Biomarkers in Patients With Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Arai, Taeang · 2025

Tirzepatide treatment improved hepatic biomarkers in T2D patients, demonstrating liver health benefits of GLP-1/GIP dual agonism alongside metabolic improvements..

Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) suppresses androgen biosynthesis in PCOS mouse models and cellular systems.

Pan, Mengru · 2025

GIP significantly reduced testosterone secretion in PCOS mouse models and NCI-H295R cells, suppressing androgen biosynthesis through specific molecular pathways identified via RNA sequencing..

Use of Dulaglutide, Semaglutide, and Tirzepatide in Diabetes and Weight Management.

Powell, Jason · 2024

Semaglutide outperformed dulaglutide in both HbA1c reduction and weight loss, making it the most sought-after GLP-1 drug.

The dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide/glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist tirzepatide effects on body weight evolution, adiponectin, insulin and leptin levels in the combination of obesity, type 2 diabetes and menopause in mice.

Reis-Barbosa, Pedro H · 2024

The triple-challenge model (obesity + diabetes + ovariectomy) created the most severe metabolic dysfunction.

Brain uptake pharmacokinetics of albiglutide, dulaglutide, tirzepatide, and DA5-CH in the search for new treatments of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases.

Rhea, Elizabeth M · 2024

Tirzepatide had the highest rate of blood-brain barrier crossing among the four incretin receptor agonists tested, suggesting it may be the most promising for direct brain effects..

Anti-obesity Drugs for the Treatment of Binge Eating Disorder: Opportunities and Challenges.

Riboldi, Ilaria · 2024

Anti-obesity drugs, particularly GLP-1 receptor agonists, may have potential for treating binge eating disorder, but current evidence is limited and the psychological components of BED require special attention..

Effects of the switch from dulaglutide to tirzepatide on glycemic control, body weight, and fatty liver: a retrospective study.

Sawamura, Toshitaka · 2024

Switching from dulaglutide to tirzepatide produced average reductions of 1.2% in HbA1c and 3.6 kg in body weight at 6 months.

The Tirzepatide Drop: Beware of Slimmer's Paralysis.

Tucker, John M · 2024

Two patients on tirzepatide developed bilateral peroneal nerve neuropathy (foot drop) within 6-8 months, caused by rapid weight loss-related nerve compression known as slimmer's paralysis..

Tirzepatide's role in targeting adipose tissue macrophages to reduce obesity-related inflammation and improve insulin resistance.

Xia, Yin · 2024

Tirzepatide (1.2 mg/kg twice weekly for 12 weeks) significantly reduced M1 adipose tissue macrophage infiltration, lowered inflammatory cytokines, and improved insulin sensitivity in obese mice through ERK pathway modulation and M1 macrophage apoptosis..

Tirzepatide shows neuroprotective effects via regulating brain glucose metabolism in APP/PS1 mice.

Yang, Shaobin · 2024

Tirzepatide (10 nmol/kg, once weekly for 8 weeks) showed neuroprotective effects in APP/PS1 Alzheimer's mice by regulating brain glucose metabolism, demonstrating the therapeutic potential of dual GLP-1/GIP receptor agonism for neurodegeneration..

Molecular dynamics-guided optimization of BGM0504 enhances dual-target agonism for combating diabetes and obesity.

Yuan, Jiandong · 2024

BGM0504 achieved a 2-3 fold increase in agonistic activity at both GLP-1R and GIPR compared to tirzepatide, while maintaining equivalent extended plasma half-life, by repositioning the acylation side chain based on molecular dynamics insights..

Body Composition Changes After Bariatric Surgery or Treatment With GLP-1 Receptor Agonists.

Wang, Zicheng · 2026

Over 24 months, both bariatric surgery and GLP-1 drugs (semaglutide/tirzepatide) produced substantial fat loss and moderate lean mass loss, but surgery was dramatically more effective.

Glucagon-like-peptide-1 agonist therapy in adults with cystic fibrosis.

Park, Sanghoon · 2025

All 11 CF patients lost weight (median -7.2 kg).

Mediterranean diet adherence and tirzepatide: real-world evidence on adiposity indices and insulin resistance beyond weight loss.

Paternò, Valentina · 2025

After 3 months of tirzepatide, significant reductions in weight, BMI, WC, WtHR, BRI, and VAI (all p<0.05).

Tirzepatide-Induced Liver Injury: A Rare Medication Side Effect.

Phox, Meagan · 2025

Biopsy-confirmed drug-induced liver injury developed after 8 weeks of tirzepatide use in a 76-year-old woman with concurrent 16-pound weight loss.

GLP-1 single, dual, and triple receptor agonists for treating type 2 diabetes and obesity: a narrative review.

Alfaris, Nasreen · 2024

GLP-1 receptor agonists have evolved from single-target drugs into dual and triple receptor agonists that represent the cutting edge of metabolic therapy.

Efficacy and safety of novel twincretin tirzepatide a dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist in the management of type-2 diabetes: A Cochrane meta-analysis.

Dutta, Deep · 2021

Tirzepatide reduced HbA1c by an additional 0.75%, weight by 8.63 kg, BMI by 1.80 kg/m², and waist circumference by 4.43 cm versus active comparators.

Tirzepatide versus Semaglutide Once Weekly in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.

Frías, Juan P · 2021

Tirzepatide was noninferior and superior to semaglutide 1mg: HbA1c reductions of -2.01%, -2.24%, -2.30% (5/10/15mg) vs -1.86% semaglutide.

Emerging glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists for the treatment of obesity.

Jepsen, Mathies M · 2021

15+ GLP-1-based compounds in clinical obesity development: mono-GLP-1 (semaglutide, PF-0688296, glutazumab), dual (tirzepatide, cotadutide, efinopegdutide, AMG 133), and multi-receptor (CagriSema, HM15211).