Reduced cytotoxicity and enhanced bioactivity of cationic antimicrobial peptides liposomes in cell cultures and 3D epidermis model against HSV.

Encapsulation of the antimicrobial peptide LL-37 within liposomes significantly reduced its cytotoxicity and enhanced its antiviral activity against HSV-1 in both human keratinocyte cultures and a 3D epidermis model. Liposomal LL-37 demonstrated improved cellular uptake, stability, and a wider therapeutic window compared to free peptide or liposomal indolicidin.

The study formulated nano-sized liposomes containing LL-37 and indolicidin peptides, characterized their physicochemical properties, and assessed cellular uptake, cytotoxicity, and antiviral efficacy in human keratinocyte cell lines and a 3D epidermis model infected with HSV-1.

This research suggests a promising delivery method to improve the safety and effectiveness of antimicrobial peptides for treating viral infections like herpes, potentially leading to better therapies with fewer side effects.

The study was conducted in vitro and in a 3D skin model, so further in vivo studies are needed to confirm safety and efficacy in living organisms. The exact clinical relevance and long-term effects remain to be established.