Salcaprozate-based ionic liquids for GLP-1 gastric delivery: A mechanistic understanding of in vivo performance.
Quick Facts
What This Study Found
A salcaprozate-based ionic liquid formulation delivered a GLP-1 analogue faster through the stomach lining than standard tablets in rats and anesthetized dogs, but showed lower overall absorption in awake dogs due to gastric fluid dilution and rapid emptying.
Key Numbers
Peptide loading and release rates characterized in vitro. Storage stable for 3 weeks at 4 degrees C. Faster absorption onset vs. tablet in rats and anesthetized dogs. Lower overall exposure in awake dogs.
How They Did This
In vitro characterization of ionic liquid formulation. In vivo pharmacokinetic studies in rats, anesthetized dogs, and awake dogs. Compared to tablet reference formulation.
Why This Research Matters
Oral peptide drugs like semaglutide require patients to fast and wait before eating. A liquid formulation that works faster could be more convenient, but keeping the drug in contact with the stomach lining long enough remains a challenge.
What This Study Doesn't Tell Us
Animal studies only. Awake dog results showed inferior overall absorption. Gastric physiology (fluid dilution, rapid liquid transit) poses major hurdles. Single GLP-1 analogue tested. No human data.
Trust & Context
- Original Title:
- Salcaprozate-based ionic liquids for GLP-1 gastric delivery: A mechanistic understanding of in vivo performance.
- Published In:
- Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society, 377, 267-276 (2025)
- Authors:
- Rebollo, René, Niu, Zhigao, Blaabjerg, Lasse, La Zara, Damiano, Juel, Trine, Pedersen, Henrik Duelund, Andersson, Vincent, Benova, Michaela, Krogh, Camilla, Pons, Raphaël, Holm, Tobias Palle, Wahlund, Per-Olof, Fan, Li, Wang, Zhuoran, Kennedy, Adam, Kuhre, Rune Ehrenreich, Christophersen, Philip, Bardonnet, Pierre-Louis, Sassene, Philip Jonas
- Database ID:
- RPEP-13225
Evidence Hierarchy
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Cite This Study
https://rethinkpeptides.com/research/RPEP-13225APA
Rebollo, René; Niu, Zhigao; Blaabjerg, Lasse; La Zara, Damiano; Juel, Trine; Pedersen, Henrik Duelund; Andersson, Vincent; Benova, Michaela; Krogh, Camilla; Pons, Raphaël; Holm, Tobias Palle; Wahlund, Per-Olof; Fan, Li; Wang, Zhuoran; Kennedy, Adam; Kuhre, Rune Ehrenreich; Christophersen, Philip; Bardonnet, Pierre-Louis; Sassene, Philip Jonas. (2025). Salcaprozate-based ionic liquids for GLP-1 gastric delivery: A mechanistic understanding of in vivo performance.. Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society, 377, 267-276. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.11.036
MLA
Rebollo, René, et al. "Salcaprozate-based ionic liquids for GLP-1 gastric delivery: A mechanistic understanding of in vivo performance.." Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.11.036
RethinkPeptides
RethinkPeptides Research Database. "Salcaprozate-based ionic liquids for GLP-1 gastric delivery:..." RPEP-13225. Retrieved from https://rethinkpeptides.com/research/rebollo-2025-salcaprozatebased-ionic-liquids-for
Access the Original Study
Study data sourced from PubMed, a service of the U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.
This study breakdown was produced by the RethinkPeptides research team. We analyze and report published research findings without making health recommendations. All interpretations are based solely on the published abstract and study data.