This record provides bibliographic details and links to the original research. An editorial study breakdown is not available.
What the researchers found
A salcaprozate-based ionic liquid formulation delivered a GLP-1 analogue faster through the stomach lining than standard tablets in rats and anesthetized dogs, but showed lower overall absorption in awake dogs due to gastric fluid dilution and rapid emptying.
Why it matters
Oral peptide drugs like semaglutide require patients to fast and wait before eating. A liquid formulation that works faster could be more convenient, but keeping the drug in contact with the stomach lining long enough remains a challenge.
The numbers in context
Peptide loading and release rates characterized in vitro. Storage stable for 3 weeks at 4 degrees C. Faster absorption onset vs. tablet in rats and anesthetized dogs. Lower overall exposure in awake dogs.
How the study worked
In vitro characterization of ionic liquid formulation. In vivo pharmacokinetic studies in rats, anesthetized dogs, and awake dogs. Compared to tablet reference formulation.
Who was studied
Rats and dogs (preclinical pharmacokinetic models)
What this study cannot tell us
Animal studies only. Awake dog results showed inferior overall absorption. Gastric physiology (fluid dilution, rapid liquid transit) poses major hurdles. Single GLP-1 analogue tested. No human data.
Read the original research
Salcaprozate-based ionic liquids for GLP-1 gastric delivery: A mechanistic understanding of in vivo performance.
Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society, 377, 267-276
Citation
Rebollo, René; Niu, Zhigao; Blaabjerg, Lasse; La Zara, Damiano; Juel, Trine; Pedersen, Henrik Duelund; Andersson, Vincent; Benova, Michaela; Krogh, Camilla; Pons, Raphaël; Holm, Tobias Palle; Wahlund, Per-Olof; Fan, Li; Wang, Zhuoran; Kennedy, Adam; Kuhre, Rune Ehrenreich; Christophersen, Philip; Bardonnet, Pierre-Louis; Sassene, Philip Jonas. (2025). Salcaprozate-based ionic liquids for GLP-1 gastric delivery: A mechanistic understanding of in vivo performance.. Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society, 377, 267-276. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.11.036