The Complete Guide to Incretin-Based Therapies: Past, Present, and Future
Comprehensive review covers GLP-1 drug mechanisms, cardiovascular outcomes, and emerging applications from diabetes through heart failure and kidney disease.
Quick Facts
What This Study Found
GLP-1 RAs have evolved from diabetes drugs to multi-organ therapeutics with proven cardiovascular benefits and emerging heart failure and kidney disease applications.
Key Numbers
Reviews phase 3 trial data for GLP-1 RAs and tirzepatide; discusses emerging triple agonists.
How They Did This
Comprehensive narrative review published in Medicinal Research Reviews covering mechanisms, clinical trials, and future directions.
Why This Research Matters
This provides the most complete picture of where incretin therapy has been, where it is now, and where it is heading.
The Bigger Picture
Incretin-based therapy is reshaping cardiometabolic medicine, with implications expanding across virtually every organ system.
What This Study Doesn't Tell Us
Narrative review — comprehensive but does not systematically grade all cited evidence.
Questions This Raises
- ?Which emerging incretin combination shows the most promise?
- ?Will GLP-1 drugs become the standard of care for heart failure and CKD?
Trust & Context
- Key Stat:
- Past to future Comprehensive review spanning GLP-1 drug evolution from diabetes treatment to multi-system therapeutics
- Evidence Grade:
- Comprehensive review in a high-impact journal — excellent reference but evidence quality varies by topic.
- Study Age:
- Published in 2025, providing a state-of-the-art overview of the entire incretin therapy field.
- Original Title:
- Incretin-based therapies for the management of cardiometabolic disease in the clinic: Past, present, and future.
- Published In:
- Medicinal research reviews, 45(1), 29-65 (2025)
- Authors:
- Psaltis, James P, Marathe, Jessica A(2), Nguyen, Mau T, Le, Richard, Bursill, Christina A, Marathe, Chinmay S, Nelson, Adam J, Psaltis, Peter J
- Database ID:
- RPEP-13119
Evidence Hierarchy
Summarizes existing research without a strict systematic method.
What do these levels mean? →Frequently Asked Questions
What are incretin drugs?
Medications based on gut hormones (GLP-1 and GIP) that improve blood sugar, promote weight loss, and protect the heart and kidneys.
Are there newer drugs beyond semaglutide?
Yes — tirzepatide (dual GIP/GLP-1) is already available, and triple agonists and oral formulations are in development.
Read More on RethinkPeptides
Cite This Study
https://rethinkpeptides.com/research/RPEP-13119APA
Psaltis, James P; Marathe, Jessica A; Nguyen, Mau T; Le, Richard; Bursill, Christina A; Marathe, Chinmay S; Nelson, Adam J; Psaltis, Peter J. (2025). Incretin-based therapies for the management of cardiometabolic disease in the clinic: Past, present, and future.. Medicinal research reviews, 45(1), 29-65. https://doi.org/10.1002/med.22070
MLA
Psaltis, James P, et al. "Incretin-based therapies for the management of cardiometabolic disease in the clinic: Past, present, and future.." Medicinal research reviews, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1002/med.22070
RethinkPeptides
RethinkPeptides Research Database. "Incretin-based therapies for the management of cardiometabol..." RPEP-13119. Retrieved from https://rethinkpeptides.com/research/psaltis-2025-incretinbased-therapies-for-the
Access the Original Study
Study data sourced from PubMed, a service of the U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.
This study breakdown was produced by the RethinkPeptides research team. We analyze and report published research findings without making health recommendations. All interpretations are based solely on the published abstract and study data.