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Study breakdown

SGLT2 Inhibitors vs. GLP-1 Drugs: Which Controls Blood Sugar Better?

RctLow Moderate evidence
The takeaway

In a 120-patient trial, both SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 agonists significantly reduced HbA1c, with GLP-1 drugs showing slightly greater blood sugar improvement.

120 patients

Randomized 24-week comparison of SGLT2 inhibitors vs. GLP-1/DPP-4 drugs for glycemic control

What the researchers found

Both drug classes reduced HbA1c significantly over 24 weeks, with GLP-1 agonists showing a slight edge in glycemic control.

Why it matters

Head-to-head comparisons between these two leading diabetes drug classes help clinicians choose the best first-line therapy for individual patients.

The numbers in context

N=120 (60 per group); HbA1c reduction: 1.2% vs 1.3% (P=0.456); GLP-1 group lost more weight; both improved SBP and LDL.

How the study worked

Randomized 24-week trial comparing SGLT2 inhibitors vs. GLP-1 agonists in 120 T2DM patients.

Who was studied

Adults with type 2 diabetes

What this study cannot tell us

Small trial (120 patients). The GLP-1 group appears to include DPP-4 inhibitors rather than true GLP-1 RAs, which may confound results.

How to read the evidence

Small randomized trial — provides comparative data but limited by sample size and potential drug class mixing.

When this study was published

Published in 2025, adding to the head-to-head comparison literature for diabetes drug classes.

The bigger picture

As both drug classes become first-line options, comparative data helps personalize diabetes treatment selection.

Questions still open

  • Were true GLP-1 agonists and DPP-4 inhibitors analyzed separately?
  • How do the two classes compare for cardiovascular outcomes specifically?

Common questions

Which is better for blood sugar: SGLT2 inhibitors or GLP-1 drugs?
Both effectively lower HbA1c. This trial found GLP-1 drugs had a slight edge, but both classes also improved blood pressure and cholesterol.
Can I take both drug classes together?
Many guidelines recommend combining SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 drugs for patients with diabetes and cardiovascular or kidney disease.

Read the original research

Comparative Effect of SGLT2 Inhibitors and GLP-1 Agonists on Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences, 17(Suppl 4), S3244-S3246

Citation

Prakash, Ved; Gupta, Sangeeta; Singh, Saumya; Rawat, Anurag; Deshpande, Amit Vasant; Podder, Amrit; Jani, Parth. (2025). Comparative Effect of SGLT2 Inhibitors and GLP-1 Agonists on Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.. Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences, 17(Suppl 4), S3244-S3246. https://doi.org/10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_1334_25