A1 and A2 beta-casein variants release different amounts of the opioid peptide beta-casomorphin-7 during digestion, with A1 casein (BCM-7 releasing) potentially linked to health effects including GI discomfort and immune modulation.
Key findingA1 beta-casein releases more beta-casomorphin-7 (BCM-7) during digestion than A2, with BCM-7 showing opioid, immunomodulatory, and GI effects that may
What the researchers found
A1 beta-casein releases more beta-casomorphin-7 (BCM-7) during digestion than A2, with BCM-7 showing opioid, immunomodulatory, and GI effects that may explain the health differences attributed to A1 versus A2 milk consumption.
Why it matters
Relevant for opioid-peptides, bioactive-food-peptides.
How the study worked
review study on opioid-peptides, bioactive-food-peptides.
What this study cannot tell us
See abstract.
How to read the evidence
preliminary evidence.
When this study was published
Published in 2007.
The bigger picture
Advances peptide research.
Questions still open
- Further research needed.
- Clinical translation to evaluate.
Common questions
What was studied?
What was found?
Read the original research
Polymorphism of bovine beta-casein and its potential effect on human health.
Journal of applied genetics, 48(3), 189-98
Citation
Kamiński, Stanisław; Cieslińska, Anna; Kostyra, Elzbieta. (2007). Polymorphism of bovine beta-casein and its potential effect on human health.. Journal of applied genetics, 48(3), 189-98.