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FDA Safety Database Analysis Reveals Side Effect Profiles of Four CGRP Migraine Drugs

evidence
The takeaway

A pharmacovigilance analysis of the FDA FAERS database reveals the real-world safety profiles of four gepant CGRP antagonists used for migraine, identifying both known and potentially new safety signals.

4 gepants compared

First comprehensive FAERS analysis comparing all marketed CGRP receptor antagonists

What the researchers found

FAERS database analysis identified distinct safety profiles for each of the four marketed gepants, with both expected and potentially novel adverse event signals detected.

Why it matters

Gepants are relatively new drugs prescribed to millions. Real-world safety data from the FDA's reporting system can detect rare side effects that clinical trials miss, protecting patients.

How the study worked

Retrospective disproportionality analysis of the FDA FAERS database examining adverse event reports for rimegepant, ubrogepant, atogepant, and zavegepant.

What this study cannot tell us

FAERS data is voluntary reporting — underreporting is common; cannot determine causation; reporting biases (newer drugs may be over-reported); no denominator (total prescriptions) for incidence calculation.

How to read the evidence

Pharmacovigilance database analysis — useful for safety signal detection but cannot establish causation or determine true incidence rates.

When this study was published

Published in 2026, providing the most current real-world safety data as gepant prescribing increases rapidly.

The bigger picture

As CGRP antagonists become mainstream migraine treatment, comprehensive safety surveillance ensures that the benefits of these drugs continue to outweigh risks across diverse real-world patient populations.

Questions still open

  • Do the safety signals identified require changes to prescribing guidelines for any specific gepant?
  • Are there meaningful safety differences between gepants that should guide drug selection?

Common questions

What are gepants?
Gepants are oral or nasal CGRP receptor antagonists that treat migraine by blocking the pain peptide CGRP without constricting blood vessels. Four are currently marketed: rimegepant (Nurtec), ubrogepant (Ubrelvy), atogepant (Qulipta), and zavegepant (Zavzpret).
How reliable is FDA adverse event data?
FAERS captures voluntary reports, so not all side effects are reported. It's excellent for detecting safety signals and comparing drug profiles, but can't determine how common side effects truly are.

Read the original research

Safety analysis of gepants for migraine treatment: A pharmacovigilance study using the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database.

Headache

Citation

Chen, Hui; Li, Yan. (2026). Safety analysis of gepants for migraine treatment: A pharmacovigilance study using the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database.. Headache. https://doi.org/10.1111/head.70049