Ghrelin suppresses cholecystokinin (CCK), peptide YY (PYY) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in the intestine, and attenuates the anorectic effects of CCK, PYY and GLP-1 in goldfish (Carassius auratus).

Ghrelin suppresses the intestinal expression and protein levels of the anorectic hormones CCK, PYY, and GLP-1 in goldfish. This suppression is mediated via the ghrelin receptor GHS-R1a and results in attenuation of the appetite-reducing effects of these peptides.

The study used immunohistochemistry to localize hormones and receptors in goldfish intestines, intestinal explant cultures to measure gene and protein expression changes after ghrelin treatment, and in vivo intraperitoneal co-administration of peptides to assess effects on food intake.

Understanding how ghrelin interacts with appetite-suppressing hormones in fish provides insight into the regulation of feeding and energy balance, which can inform broader peptide research and potential applications in aquaculture or metabolic studies.

The study was conducted in goldfish, so findings may not directly translate to other species. The evidence strength and study type were not specified, limiting assessment of robustness.