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Study breakdown

Liver Peptide LEAP2 Modulates Heart Function and Lowers Blood Pressure

evidence
The takeaway

LEAP2, an antimicrobial peptide from the liver, reduces blood pressure and modulates cardiac responses to stress by blocking the ghrelin receptor.

BP reduction in normal and hypertensive rats

LEAP2 demonstrated antihypertensive effects across three experimental systems

What the researchers found

LEAP2 reduces blood pressure in both normal and hypertensive rats and modulates β-adrenergic cardiac responses, acting through GHSR antagonism and inverse agonism.

Why it matters

Discovering that an antimicrobial peptide directly regulates blood pressure opens new avenues for hypertension treatment and reveals unexpected connections between metabolism and cardiovascular function.

How the study worked

Multi-level study: in vivo (Wistar and spontaneously hypertensive rats), ex vivo (isolated hearts), and in vitro (cardiomyocytes) assessment of LEAP2 cardiovascular effects.

What this study cannot tell us

Animal study — effects in humans unknown. Acute IV administration may not reflect chronic therapeutic use. Complex interaction between GHSR constitutive activity and LEAP2 needs further characterization.

How to read the evidence

Preclinical study with multi-level validation (in vivo, ex vivo, in vitro) — strong mechanistic evidence but no human data.

When this study was published

Published in 2026; reveals a novel cardiovascular role for LEAP2.

The bigger picture

This connects the ghrelin-LEAP2 appetite axis to cardiovascular regulation, suggesting that metabolic hormones have far broader physiological roles than previously understood.

Questions still open

  • Could LEAP2 or LEAP2-derived drugs be developed as novel antihypertensives?
  • Does endogenous LEAP2 variation contribute to individual differences in blood pressure?

Common questions

What is LEAP2?
LEAP2 (liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2) is a peptide made by the liver that blocks the ghrelin receptor. Originally studied for appetite regulation, it now appears to also regulate blood pressure and heart function.
Could this lead to new blood pressure drugs?
Potentially — the discovery that LEAP2 lowers blood pressure through the ghrelin receptor opens a completely new pathway for developing antihypertensive medications, though human studies are needed first.

Read the original research

LEAP2 modulates β-adrenergic triggered cardiac responses and provokes antihypertensive effects.

Life sciences, 390, 124243

Citation

Berrio, Sixta Isabel Atencio; Carvalho, Jhulle Horrane; Dutra, João Batista; Eliezeck, Marcos; Scalzo, Sergio; Ribeiro, Juliana Vila Verde; Mendonça, Michelle Mendanha; Gomes, Rodrigo Mello; Pedrino, Gustavo Rodrigues; Colombari, Eduardo; Castrogiovanni, Daniel; Milagros, Sisti Maria; Racioppi, Maria Florencia; Petroff, Martin Vila; Cantel, Sonia; Fehrentz, Jean-Alain; Guatimosim, Silvia; Perelló, Mario; de Castro, Carlos Henrique; Xavier, Carlos Henrique. (2026). LEAP2 modulates β-adrenergic triggered cardiac responses and provokes antihypertensive effects.. Life sciences, 390, 124243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2026.124243