How Neuropeptides Drive Mucus Problems in Asthma, COPD, and Cystic Fibrosis

This is a narrative review that synthesizes published research on neuropeptides in airway diseases. The authors examined existing literature on both well-studied and lesser-known neuropeptides, with particular emphasis on their roles in mucus secretion and airway pathology across asthma, COPD, and cystic fibrosis.

Asthma, COPD, and cystic fibrosis collectively affect hundreds of millions of people worldwide. Current treatments often focus on inflammation or infection, but this review argues that the nervous system's peptide signaling is an overlooked driver of disease symptoms — particularly the dangerous mucus buildup that blocks airways. Understanding which neuropeptides are involved could open new treatment approaches targeting the neural side of these diseases.

Peptide signaling extends far beyond hormones and metabolism — neuropeptides are active players in disease processes throughout the body. This review highlights how the nervous system's peptide messengers contribute to some of the most common respiratory diseases, suggesting that peptide-targeted therapies could complement existing anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial treatments for airway diseases.

As a review article, this paper synthesizes existing findings rather than presenting new experimental data. The depth of evidence varies considerably between the neuropeptides discussed — some have extensive research support while others are largely speculative. The review acknowledges significant knowledge gaps, particularly regarding the precise mechanisms by which neuropeptides drive mucus phenotypes in each disease.